Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
3
2
1
6
4
2
1 2 3
f.
y
6 4 2 0
2
4
6
c.
6
4
2
2 4 6
6 4 2 0
2
4
6
d.
6
4
2
6 4 2 0
2
4
6
2 4 6
x
2 4 6
12
8
4
6 4 2 0
4
8
12
3 2 1 0
1
2
b.
e.
12
8
4
6 4 2 0
4
8
12
2 4 6
x
2 4 6
2. a. 3(x 2 2) 1 2(x 2 1) 2 6 5 0
3x 2 6 1 2x 2 2 2 6 5 0
5x 5 14
14
x5
5
1
2
x25
b. (x 2 2) 1 (x 1 3) 5
3
5
2
10(x 2 2) 1 12(x 1 3) 5 15(x 2 5)
10x 2 20 1 12x 1 36 5 15x 2 75
22x 1 16 5 15x 2 75
7x 5 291
x 5 213
c. t 2 2 4t 1 3 5 0
(t 2 3)(t 2 1) 5 0
t 5 3 or t 5 1
d. 2t 2 2 5t 2 3 5 0
(2t 1 1)(t 2 3) 5 0
1
t 5 2 or t 5 3
2
6
t
e.
1 54
t
2
12 1 t 2 5 8t
t 2 2 8t 1 12 5 0
(t 2 6)(t 2 2) 5 0
6 t 5 2 or t 5 6
3-1
x 3 1 2x 2 2 3x 5 0
x(x 2 1 2x 2 3) 5 0
x(x 1 3)(x 2 1) 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 23 or x 5 1
g. x 3 2 8x 2 1 16x 5 0
x(x 2 2 8x 1 16) 5 0
x(x 2 4)2 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 4
4t 3 1 12t 2 2 t 2 3 5 0
h.
4t 2 (t 1 3) 2 1(t 1 3) 5 0
(t 1 3)(4t 2 2 1) 5 0
(t 1 3)(2t 2 1)(2t 1 1) 5 0
1
1
t 5 23 or t 5 or t 5 2
2
2
i. 4t 4 2 13t 2 1 9 5 0
(4t 2 2 9)(t 2 2 1) 5 0
9
t 5 6 or t 5 61
4
3. a. 3x 2 2 . 7
3x . 9
x.3
b. x(x 2 3) . 0
1
2
1
0
3
f.
x , 0 or x . 3
c. 2x 2 1 4x . 0
2
1
2
0
4
x(x 2 4) , 0
0,x,4
4. a. P 5 4s
20 5 4s
55s
A 5 s2
5 52
5 25 cm 2
b. A 5 lw
5 8(6) 5 48 cm 2
c. A 5 pr 2
5 p(7)2
5 49p cm 2
d. C 5 2pr
12p 5 2pr
65r
A 5 pr 2
5 p(6)2
5 36p cm 2
3-2
5. a. SA 5 2prh 1 2pr 2
5 2p(4)(3) 1 2p(4)2
5 24p 1 32p
5 56p cm 2
V 5 pr 2h
5 p(4)2 (3)
5 48p cm 3
b. V 5 pr 2h
96p 5 p(4)2h
h 5 6 cm
SA 5 2prh 1 2pr 2
5 2p(4)(6) 1 2p(4)2
5 48p 1 32p
5 80p cm 2
c. V 5 pr 2h
216p 5 pr 2 (6)
r 5 6 cm
SA 5 2prh 1 2pr 2
5 2p(6)(6) 1 2p(6)2
5 72p 1 72p
5 144p cm 2
d. SA 5 2prh 1 2pr 2
120p 5 2p(5)h 1 2p(5)2
120p 5 10ph 1 50p
70p 5 10ph
h 5 7 cm
V 5 pr 2h
5 p(5)2 (7)
5 175p cm 3
6. For a cube, SA 5 6s 2 and V 5 s 3, where s is the
length of any edge of the cube.
a. SA 5 6(3)2
5 54 cm 2
V 5 33
5 27 cm 3
b. SA 5 6 ("5 )
5 30 cm 2
V 5 ("5 )3
5 5"5 cm 3
c. SA 5 6 (2"3 )2
5 72 cm 2
V 5 (2"3 )3
5 24"3 cm 3
d. SA 5 6(2k)2
5 24k 2 cm 2
V 5 (2k)3
5 8k3 cm3
Chapter 3: Derivatives and Their Applications
7. a. (3, ` )
b. (2 `, 224
c. (2 `, 0)
d. 325, `)
e. (22, 84
f. (24, 4)
8. a. 5xPR0 x . 56
b. 5xPR0 x # 216
c. 5xPR6
d. 5xPR0 210 # x # 126
e. 5xPR0 21 , x , 36
f. 5xPR0 2 # x , 206
9. a.
1. v(1) 5 2 2 1 5 1
v(5) 5 10 2 25 5 215
At t 5 1, the velocity is positive; this means that
the object is moving in whatever is the positive
direction for the scenario. At t 5 5, the velocity is
negative; this means that the object is moving in
whatever is the negative direction for the scenario.
2. a. y 5 x 10 1 3x 6
yr 5 10x 9 1 18x 5
ys 5 90x 8 1 90x 4
1
b. f(x) 5 #x 5 x2
1 1
f r(x) 5 x 22
2
1 3
f s (x) 5 2 x 22
4
c. y 5 (1 2 x)2
yr 5 2(1 2 x)(21)
5 22 1 2x
ys 5 2
d. h(x) 5 3x 4 2 4x 3 2 3x 2 2 5
hr(x) 5 12x 3 2 12x 2 2 6x
hs (x) 5 36x 2 2 24x 2 6
3
e. y 5 4x2 2 x 22
1
yr 5 6x2 1 2x 23
3-3
ys 5 3x 22 2 6x 24
3
6
5
2 4
x
"x
2x
f. f(x) 5
x11
(x 1 1)(2) 2 (2x)(1)
f r(x) 5
(x 1 1)2
2x 1 2 2 2x
5
(x 1 1)2
2
5
(x 1 1)2
(x 1 1)2 (0) 2 (2)(2(x 1 1))
f s (x) 5
(x 1 1)4
24x 2 4
5
(x 1 1)4
g. y 5 x 2 1 x 22
yr 5 2x 2 2x 23
ys 5 2 1 6x 24
6
521 4
x
1
h. g(x) 5 (3x 2 6)2
3
1
gr(x) 5 (3x 2 6)22
2
9
3
gs (x) 5 2 (3x 2 6)22
4
9
52
3
4(3x 2 6)2
i. y 5 (2x 1 4)3
yr 5 6(2x 1 4)2
ys 5 24(2x 1 4)
5 48x 1 96
5
j. h(x) 5 x3
5 2
hr(x) 5 x3
3
10 1
hs (x) 5 x 23
9
10
5 31
9x
3. a. s(t) 5 5t 2 2 3t 1 15
v(t) 5 10t 2 3
a(t) 5 10
b. s(t) 5 2t 3 1 36t 2 10
v(t) 5 6t 2 1 36
a(t) 5 12t
3-4
6
t
5 t 2 8 1 6t 21
v(t) 5 1 2 6t 22
a(t) 5 12t 23
d. s(t) 5 (t 2 3)2
v(t) 5 2(t 2 3)
a(t) 5 2
c. s(t) 5 t 2 8 1
e. s(t) 5 "t 1 1
1
1
v(t) 5 (t 1 1)22
2
1
3
a(t) 5 2 (t 1 1)22
4
9t
f. s(t) 5
t13
9(t 1 3) 2 9t
v(t) 5
(t 1 3)2
27
5
(t 1 3)2
a(t) 5 254(t 1 3)23
4. a. i. t 5 3
ii. 1 , t , 3
iii. 3 , t , 5
b. i. t 5 3, t 5 7
ii. 1 , t , 3, 7 , t , 9
iii. 3 , t , 7
1
5. a. s 5 t 3 2 2t 2 1 3t
3
v 5 t 2 2 4t 1 3
a 5 2t 2 4
b. For v 5 0,
(t 2 3)(t 2 1) 5 0
t 5 3 or t 5 1.
1
0 1
1
3
1
6. a. s 5 2 t 2 1 t 1 4
3
2
v52 t11
3
2
v(1) 5 2 1 1
3
1
5
3
2
v(4) 5 2 (4) 1 1
3
5
52
3
For t 5 1, moving in a positive direction.
For t 5 4, moving in a negative direction.
b. s(t) 5 t(t 2 3)2
v(t) 5 (t 2 3)2 1 2t(t 2 3)
5 (t 2 3)(t 2 3 1 2t)
5 (t 2 3)(3t 2 3)
5 3(t 2 1)(t 2 3)
v(1) 5 0
v(4) 5 9
For t 5 1, the object is stationary.
t 5 4, the object is moving in a positive direction.
c. s(t) 5 t 3 2 7t 2 1 10t
v(t) 5 3t 2 2 14t 1 10
v(1) 5 21
v(4) 5 2
For t 5 1, the object is moving in a negative direction.
For t 5 4, the object is moving in a positive direction.
7. a. s(t) 5 t 2 2 6t 1 8
v(t) 5 2t 2 6
b. 2t 2 6 5 0
t53s
8. s(t) 5 40t 2 5t 2
v(t) 5 40 2 10t
a. When v 5 0, the object stops rising.
t54s
b. Since s(t) represents a quadratic function that
opens down because a 5 25 , 0, a maximum
height is attained. It occurs when v 5 0. Height is
a maximum for
s(4) 5 160 2 5(16)
5 80 m.
9. s(t) 5 8 2 7t 1 t 2
v(t) 5 27 1 2t
a(t) 5 2
a. v(5) 5 27 1 10
5 3 m>s
b. a(5) 5 2 m>s 2
Calculus and Vectors Solutions Manual
10. s(t) 5 t 2 (7 2 t)
5 3
5
a. v(t) 5 t 2 (7 2 t) 2 t 2
2
35 23
5 5
5
5
t 2 t2 2 t2
2
2
35 23
7 5
5
t 2 t2
2
2
105 21
35 23
a(t) 5
t 2
t
2
4
b. The object stops when its velocity is 0.
7 5
35 3
v(t) 5 t 2 2 t 2
2
2
7 3
5 t 2 (5 2 t)
2
v(t) 5 0 for t 5 0 (when it starts moving) and
t 5 5.
So the object stops after 5 s.
c. The direction of the motion changes when its
velocity changes from a positive to a negative value
or visa versa.
t
0"t*5
t55
t+5
v(t)
(1)(1) 5 1
(1)(2 ) 5 2
7 23
t (5 2 t)
v(t) 5 0 for t 5 5
2
Therefore, the object changes direction at 5 s.
35 1
d. a(t) 5 0 for t 2 (6 2 t) 5 0.
4
t 5 0 or t 5 6 s.
v(t) 5
0*t*6
t56
t+6
a(t)
(1)(1) 5 1
(1)(2 ) 5 2
3-5
t=3
10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25
b. s 5 t 3 2 12t 2 9
v 5 3t 2 2 12
5 3(t 2 2 4)
5 3(t 2 2)(t 1 2)
a 5 6t
3-6
t=0
30 25 20 15 10 5
5 10
s(t) 5 t 5 2 10t 2
v(t) 5 5t 4 2 20t
a(t) 5 20t 3 2 20
For a(t) 5 0,
20t 3 2 20 5 0
20(t 3 2 1) 5 0
t 5 1.
Therefore, the acceleration will be zero at 1 s.
s(1) 5 1 2 10
5 29
,0
v(1) 5 5 2 20
5 215
,0
Since the signs of both s and v are the same at
t 5 1, the object is moving away from the origin at
that time.
15. a. s(t) 5 kt 2 1 (6k 2 2 10k)t 1 2k
v(t) 5 2kt 1 (6k 2 2 10k)
a(t) 5 2k 1 0
5 2k
Since k 2 0 and kPR, then a(t) 5 2k 2 0 and an
element of the Real numbers. Therefore, the
acceleration is constant.
b.
For v(t) 5 0
2kt 1 6k 2 2 10k 5 0
2kt 5 10k 2 6k 2
t 5 5 2 3k
k20
s(5 2 3k)
5 k(5 2 3k)2 1 (6k 2 2 10k)(5 2 3k) 1 2k
5 k(25 2 30k 1 9k 2 ) 1 30k 2 2 18k 3
2 50k 1 30k 2 1 2k
5 25k 2 30k 2 1 9k 3 1 30k 2 2 18k 3 2 50k
1 30k 2 1 2k
5 29k 3 1 30k 2 2 23k
Therefore, the velocity is 0 at t 5 5 2 3k, and its
position at that time is 29k 3 1 30k 2 2 23k.
14.
0
1
50
5
tS0
For t $ 0,
t3
s(t) 5 2
t 11
3t 2 (t 2 1 1) 2 2t(t 3 )
and v(t) 5
(t 2 1 1)2
4
t 1 3t 2
5 2
(t 1 1)2
(4t 3 1 6t)(t 2 1 1)2
and a(t) 5
(t 2 1 1)2
2(t2 1 1)(2t)(t 4 1 3t 2 )
2
(t 2 1 1)2
(4t 3 1 6t)(t 2 1 1) 2 4t(t 4 1 3t 2 )
5
(t 2 1 1)3
4t 5 1 6t 3 1 4t 3 1 6t 2 4t 5 2 12t 3
5
(t 2 1 1)3
22t 3 1 6t
5 2
(t 1 1)3
0, if t , 0
3
1
6t
22t
Therefore, a(t) 5
, if t $ 0
(t2 1 1)3
0, if t , 0
4
2
and n(t) 5 t 1 3t
, if t $ 0
2
(t 1 1)2
0
lim2 a(t) 5 0, lim1 a(t) 5
tS0
tS0
1
5 0.
Thus, lim a(t) 5 0.
17. v 5 #b 2 1 2gs
1
v 5 (b 2 1 2gs)2
dv
1
ds
1
5 (b 2 1 2gs)22 ? a0 1 2g b
dt
2
dt
1
a5
? 2gv
2v
a5g
Since g is a constant, a is a constant, as required.
ds
Note:
5v
dt
dv
5a
dt
18. F 5 m0
d
v
a
b
dt !1 2 ( vc )2
2v
dv
v2 1
1
v2 1
(1 2 2 )2 2 (1 2 2 )22 a2 2dt b ? v
dt
c
2
c
c
v2
12 2
c
dv
5 a,
dt
m0
5
Since
m0 S
0
1
5 0.
Therefore, lim a(t) 5 a(0).
tS0
tS1`
11
11
3
t2
2
1
1 4
t2
t
51
22
6
1 4
t3
t
lim a(t) 5 lim
3
3
1
tS1`
tS`
11 21 41 6
t
t
t
)2 Sa(1 2 vc ) 1 vc a T
1
2
v2
1 2 c2
ac2 2 av2
v2 a
1 c2 T
c2
v2 3
1 2 c2 2
tS0
Also, a(0) 5
v2
m0 1 2 c 2
m0 ac
v2
v2
c2 1 2 c2
m0 a
c2 1 2 c2
3
2
3
2
, as required.
3-7
(3, 0) x
b. f(x) 5 (x 2 2)2, 0 # x # 2
f r(x) 5 2x 2 4
Let f r(x) 5 0 for max or min
2x 2 4 5 0
x52
f(0) 5 4
f(2) 5 0
max is 4 at x 5 0
min is 2 at x 5 2
6 4 2 0
2
4
6
(2, 0) x
2 4 6
c. f(x) 5 x 3 2 3x 2, 21 # x # 3
f r(x) 5 3x 2 2 6x
Let f r(x) 5 0 for max or min
3x 2 2 6x 5 0
3x(x 2 2) 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 2
f(21) 5 21 2 3
5 24
3-8
1 2 3
(2, 1)
y
6
(0, 4)
4
2
f(0) 5 0
f(2) 5 8 2 12
5 24
f(3) 5 27 2 27
50
min is 24 at x 5 21, 2
max is 0 at x 5 0, 3
y
4
y
x
2
8
16
24
f(22) 5 216 2 12 1 24 1 1
5 23
f(21) 5 8
f(0) 5 1
f(2) 5 not in region
max of 8 at x 5 21
min of 23 at x 5 22
8 y
4
4
x
2
5
1
f. f(x) 5 x3 2 x2 1 6x, xP30, 44
3
2
f r(x) 5 x2 2 5x 1 6
Let f r(x) 5 0 for max or min
x2 2 5x 1 6 5 0
(x 2 2)(x 2 3) 5 0
x 5 2 or x 5 3
f(0) 5 0
14
f(2) 5
3
9
f(3) 5
2
16
f(4) 5
3
16
max is 3 at x 5 4
min is 0 at x 5 0
6
4
2
2
x
2
4
x
4
f r(x) 5 1 2 2
x
x2 2 4
5
x2
4. a. f(x) 5 x 1
12x(x 2 3)(x 1 2) 5 0
x 5 0, x 5 3, x 5 22
Now, evaluate the function, f(x), at the critical
values and the endpoints.
f(23) 5 3(23)4 2 4(23)3 2 36(23)2 1 20 5 47
f(22) 5 3(22)4 2 4(22)3 2 36(22)2 1 20 5 244
f(0) 5 3(0)4 2 4(0)3 2 36(0)2 1 20 5 20
f(3) 5 3(3)4 2 4(3)3 2 36(3)2 1 20 5 2169
f(4) 5 3(4)4 2 4(4)3 2 36(4)2 1 20 5 244
So, the minimum value in the interval is 2169
when x 5 3 and the maximum value is 47 when
x 5 23.
4x
e. f(x) 5 2
, 22 # x # 4
x 11
4(x 2 1 1) 2 2x(4x)
f r(x) 5
(x 2 1 1)2
2
24x 1 4
5
x2 1 1
Let f r(x) 5 0 for max or min:
24x 2 1 4 5 0
x2 5 1
x 5 61
28
f(22) 5
5
24
f(21) 5
2
5 22
4
f(1) 5
2
52
16
f(4) 5
17
max value of 2 when x 5 1
min value of 22 when x 5 21
f. Note that part e. is the same function but restricted
to a different domain. So, from e. it is seen that the
critical points are x 5 1 and x 5 21.
Now, evaluate the function, f(x), at the critical values
and the endpoints. Note, however, that 21 and 1 are
not in the domain of the function. Therefore, the only
points that need to be checked are the endpoints.
4(2)
8
f(2) 5
5 5 1.6
2
(2) 1 1
5
4(4)
16
f(4) 5
5
8 0.94
2
(4) 1 1
17
So, the minimum value in the interval is 0.94 when
x 5 4 and the maximum value is 1.6 when x 5 2.
3-10
4t 2
,t$0
4 1 t3
Interval 1 # t # 4
4
v(1) 5
5
16
v(4) 5
17
(4 1 t 3 )(8t) 2 4t 2 (3t 2 )
vr(t) 5
50
(4 1 t 3 )2
32t 1 8t 4 2 12t 4 5 0
24t(t 3 2 8) 5 0
t 5 0, t 5 2
16
4
v(2) 5
5
12
3
max velocity is 43 m>s
5. a. v(t) 5
E(0) 5 0
E(80) 5 10
E(100) 5 9.756
The legal speed that maximizes fuel efficiency is
80 km> h.
1600v
b. E(v) 5 2
0 # v # 50
v 1 6400
1600(v 2 1 6400) 2 1600v(2v)
Er(v) 5
(v 2 1 6400)2
Let Er(N) 5 0 for max or min
1600v 2 1 6400 3 1600 2 3200v 2 5 0
1600v 2 5 6400 3 1600
v 5 680
E(0) 5 0
E(50) 5 9
The legal speed that maximizes fuel efficiency is
50 km> h.
c. The fuel efficiency will be increasing when
Er(v) . 0. This will show when the slopes of the
values of E(v) are positive, and hence increasing.
From part a. it is seen that there is one critical value
for v . 0. This is v 5 80.
v
slope of E(v)
0 # v , 80
80 , v # 100
slope of E(v)
0 # v , 80
80 , v # 100
C(1) 8 0.006 25
C(3) 5 0.0083, C(6) 8 0.0074
The min concentration is at t 5 1 and the max
concentration is at t 5 3.
1
9. P(t) 5 2t 1
,0#t#1
162t 1 1
Pr(t) 5 2 2 (162t 1 1)22 (162) 5 0
162
52
(162t 1 1)2
81 5 1622 1 t 2 1 324t 1 1
2 2
162 t 1 324t 2 80 5 0
812t 2 1 81t 2 20 5 0
(81t 1 5)(81t 2 4) 5 0
4
t5
t.0
81
5 0.05
P(0) 5 1
P(0.05) 5 0.21
P(1) 5 2.01
Pollution is at its lowest level in 0.05 years or
approximately 18 days.
1 4900
10. r(x) 5
a
1 xb
400 x
1 24900
a
1 1b 5 0
400
x2
Let rr(x) 5 0
x 2 5 4900,
x 5 70, x . 0
r(30) 5 0.4833
r(70) 5 0.35
r(120) 5 0.402
A speed of 70 km> h uses fuel at a rate of 0.35 L> km.
Cost of trip is 0.35 3 200 3 0.45 5 $31.50.
11. f(x) 5 0.001x 3 2 0.12x 2 1 3.6x 1 10,
0 # x # 75
f r(x) 5 0.003x 2 2 0.24x 1 3.6
Set 0 5 0.003x 2 2 0.24x 1 3.6
0.24 6 "(20.24)2 2 4(0.003)(3.6)
x5
2(0.003)
0.24 6 0.12
x5
0.006
x 5 60 or x 5 20
f(0) 5 10
f(20) 5 42
f(60) 5 10
f(75) 5 26.875
Absolute max. value 5 42 at (20, 42) and absolute
min. value 5 10 at (0, 10) and (60, 10).
rr(x) 5
3-11
12. a.
16
12
8
4
4 3 2 1 0
4
8
12
16
x
1
2 3 4
b. D: 22 # x # 4
c. increasing: 22 # x , 0
2,x#4
decreasing: 0 , x , 2
13. Absolute max.: Compare all local maxima and
values of f(a) and f(b) when domain of f(x) is
a # x # b. The one with highest value is the
absolute maximum.
Absolute min.: We need to consider all local minima
and the value of f(a) and f(b) when the domain of
f(x) is a # x # b. Compare them and the one with
the lowest value is the absolute minimum.
You need to check the endpoints because they are not
necessarily critical points.
14. C(x) 5 3000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2, 1 # x # 300
C(x)
Unit cost u(x) 5
x
3000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2
5
x
3000
5
1 9 1 0.05x
x
23000
Ur(x) 5
1 0.05
x2
For max or min, let Ur(x) 5 0:
0.05x 2 5 3000
x 2 5 60 000
x 8 244.9
U(1) 5 3009.05
U(244) 5 33.4950
U(245) 5 33.4948
U(300) 5 34.
Production level of 245 units will minimize the unit
cost to $33.49.
15. C(x) 5 6000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2
C(x)
U(x) 5
x
6000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2
5
x
3-12
6000
1 9 1 0.05x
x
6000
Ur(x) 5 2 2 1 0.05
x
Set Ur(x) 5 0 and solve for x.
6000
2 2 1 0.05 5 0
x
6000
0.05 5 2
x
0.05x 2 5 6000
x 2 5 120 000
x 8 346.41
However, 346.41 is not in the given domain of
1 # x # 300.
Therefore, the only points that need to be checked are
the endpoints.
f(1) 5 6009.05
f(300) 5 44
Therefore, a production level of 300 units will minimize the unit cost to $44.
5
5 75 2 210 1 90
5 245
c. a(t) 5 vr(t) 5 6t 2 42
a(4) 5 6(4) 2 42
5 24 2 42
5 218
3. a. v(t) 5 hr(t) 5 29.8t 1 6
The initial velocity occurs when time t 5 0.
v(0) 5 29.8(0) 1 6
56
So, the initial velocity is 6 m> s.
b. The ball reaches its maximum height when
v(t) 5 0. So set v(t) 5 0 and solve for t.
v(t) 5 0 5 29.8t 1 6
9.8t 5 6
t 8 0.61
Therefore, the ball reaches its maximum height at
time t 8 0.61 s.
c. The ball hits the ground when the height, h, is 0.
h(t) 5 0 5 24.9t 2 1 6t 1 2
26 6 "36 1 39.2
29.8
Taking the negative square root because the value t
needs to be positive,
26 2 8.67
t5
29.8
t 8 1.50
So, the ball hits the ground at time t 5 1.50 s.
d. The question asks for the velocity, v(t), when
t 5 1.50.
v(1.50) 5 29.8(1.50) 1 6
8 28.67
Therefore, when the ball hits the ground, the velocity
is 28.67 m> s.
e. The acceleration, a(t), is the derivative of the
velocity.
a(t) 5 vr(t) 5 29.8
This is a constant function. So, the acceleration of
the ball at any point in time is 29.8 m> s2.
4. a. v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 4 2 14t 1 6t 2
v(2) 5 4 2 14(2) 1 6(2)2
5 4 2 28 1 24
50
So, the velocity at time t 5 2 is 0 m> s.
a(t) 5 vr(t) 5 214 1 12t
a(2) 5 214 1 12(2)
5 10
So, the acceleration at time t 5 2 is 10 m> s.
t5
x 5 "3.
6. The question asks for the maximum temperature
of V.
V(t) 5 20.000 067t 3 1 0.008 504 3t 2
2 0.064 26t 1 999.87
Vr(t) 5 20.000 201t 2 1 0.017 008 6t 2 0.064 26
Set Vr(t) 5 0 to solve for the critical values.
20.000 201t 2 1 0.017 008 6t 2 0.064 26 5 0
t 2 2 84.619 900 5t 1 319.701 492 5 5 0
Using the quadratic formula,
t 8 3.96 and t 8 80.66.
However, 80.66 is not in the domain of the function.
Now, evaluate the function, V(t), at the critical
values and the endpoints.
V(0) 5 999.87
V(3.96) 8 999.74
V(30) 5 1003.79
So, the minimum value in the interval is 999.74
when temperature t 5 3.96.
3-14
5
8. s(t) 5 ta2 t 1 1b
6
5
5 2 t2 1 t
6
5
sr(t) 5 2 t 1 1
3
5
ss (t) 5 2
3
8 21.7 m> s2
7
9. s(t) 5 189t 2 t 3
7 4
a. sr(t) 5 189 2 t 3
3
7
4
sr(0) 5 189 2 (0)3
3
5 189 m> s
b. sr(t) 5 0
7 4
189 2 t 3 5 0
3
7 43
t 5 189
3
4
t 3 5 81
t5
221 6 "449.82
29.8
t 8 4.31 or t 8 20.021 (rejected since t $ 0)
Note that h(0) 5 0.45 . 0 because the football is
punted from that height. The function is only valid
after this point.
Domain: 0 # t # 4.31
b. h(t) 5 24.9t 2 1 21t 1 0.45
To determine the domain, find when hr(t) 5 0.
hr(t) 5 29.8t 1 21
Set hr(t) 5 0
0 5 29.8t 1 21
t 8 2.14
For 0 , t , 2.14, the height is increasing.
For 2.14 , t , 4.31, the height is decreasing.
The football will reach its maximum height at 2.14 s.
c. h(2.14) 5 24.9(2.14)2 1 21(2.14) 1 0.45
h(2.14) 8 222.44 1 44.94 1 0.45
h(2.14) 8 22.95
The football will reach a maximum height of 22.95 m.
t5
t 5 ( 814)
t 5 33
t 5 27 s
7
1.
W
When x 5 0, V 5 0
x 5 8.8, V 5 28 850 cm 2
x 5 20, V 5 0.
Therefore, the box has a height of 8.8 cm, a length
of 100 2 2 3 8.8 5 82.4 cm, and a width of
40 2 3 3 8.8 5 22.4 cm.
5.
220 x
x
x
40 2x 40
A(x) 5 x(220 2 x)
A(x) 5 220x 2 x 2
Ar(x) 5 220 2 2x
Set Ar(x) 5 0.
0 5 220 2 2x
x 5 110
220 2 110 5 110
Ar(220) 5 2220 , 0
Ar(0) 5 220 . 0
maximum: The dimensions that will maximize the
rectangles area are 110 cm by 110 cm.
6.
a
b
64
ab 5 64
P 5 2a 1 2b
64
b
a
128
P 5 2a 1
a
P 5 2a 1 128a 21
128
Pr 5 2 2 2
a
Set Pr 5 0
128
0522 2
a
128
25 2
a
a 2 5 64
a 5 8 (28 is inadmissible)
64
b5
8
b58
Pr(1) 5 2126 , 0
Pr(9) 8 1.65 . 0
maximum: The rectangle should have dimensions 8 m
by 8 m.
P 5 2a 1 2a
7.
y
x
Given:
4x 1 3y 5 1000
1000 2 4x
y5
3
A 5 2xy
1000 2 4x
A 5 2xa
b
3
8
2000
x 2 x2
A5
3
3
2000
16
Ar 5
2 x
3
3
Set Ar 5 0
16
2000
2 x
05
3
3
16
2000
x5
3
3
x 5 125
1000 2 4(125)
y5
3
y 8 166.67
2000
,0
Ar(250) 5 2
3
2000
Ar(0) 5
.0
3
maximum: The ranger should build the corrals with
the dimensions 125 m by 166.67 m to maximize the
enclosed area.
8. Netting refers to the area of the rectangular
prism. Minimize area while holding the volume
constant.
V 5 lwh
V 5 x 2y
144 5 x 2y
144
y5 2
x
ATotal 5 ASide 1 ATop 1 ASide 1 AEnd
A 5 xy 1 xy 1 xy 1 x 2
A 5 3xy 1 x 2
144
A 5 3xa 2 b 1 x 2
x
432
A5
1 x2
x
A 5 x 2 1 432x 21
Ar 5 2x 2 432x 22
Calculus and Vectors Solutions Manual
Set Ar 5 0
0 5 2x 2 432x 22
2x 5 432x 22
x 3 5 216
x56
144
y5 2
6
y54
Ar(4) 5 219 , 0
Ar(8) 5 9.25 . 0
minimum: The enclosure should have dimensions
4 m 3 6 m 3 6 m.
9.
h
x
x
5 2000 1 40"10
Minimum area is 600 cm2 when the base of the box
is 10 cm by 10 cm and height is 10 cm.
3-17
10.
L = 2x
10
y
x
10
10
dA
5 0.
dr
2000
50
r2
500
r3 5
p
r5
3-18
500
8 5.42
p
3
When r 5 0, A S `
r 5 5.42 A 8 660.8
r S `, A S `
The minimum surface area is approximately
661 cm3 when r 5 5.42.
1000
8 10.84
b. r 5 5.42, h 5
p(5.42)2
h
10.84
1
5
5
d
2 3 5.42
1
Yes, the can has dimensions that are larger than the
smallest that the market will accept.
12. a.
L
5 cm
W
(12 L)
12 cm
Step 2: If W 5 0, A 5 0
Step 3: If W 5 5, A 5 0
The largest possible area is 15 cm2 and occurs when
W 5 2.5 cm and L 5 6 cm.
b.
8 cm
L
W
(15 L)
15 cm
(120 2 15W)W
A5
for domain 0 # W # 8
8
Using the max min Algorithm,
dA
1
120
5 3120 2 30W 4 5 0, W 5
5 4 cm.
dW
8
30
(120 2 60) 3 4
5 30 cm 2.
When W 5 4 cm, A 5
8
Step 2: If W 5 0, A 5 0
Step 3: If W 5 8, A 5 0
The largest possible area is 30 cm2 and occurs when
W 5 4 cm and L 5 7.5 cm.
c. The largest area occurs when the length and width
are each equal to one-half of the sides adjacent to
the right angle.
13. a. Let the base be y cm, each side x cm and the
height h cm.
2x 1 y 5 60
y 5 60 2 2x
1
A 5 yh 1 2 3 (wh)
2
5 yh 1 wh
w
x
Divide by !3:
x
30 2 2x 1 5 0
2
x 5 20.
To find the largest area, substitute x 5 0, 20, and 30.
A(0) 5 0
"3
A(20) 5 30 !3(20) 2 !3(20)2 1
(20)2
4
5 520
"3
A(30) 5 30 !3(30) 2 !3(30)2 1
(30)2
4
8 390
The maximum area is 520 cm2 when the base is
20 cm and each side is 20 cm.
b. Multiply the cross-sectional area by the length of
the gutter, 500 cm. The maximum volume that can
be held by this gutter is approximately 500(520) or
260 000 cm3.
14. a.
A
x
B w C
B
h 30 x
120
y
C
h
From ^ ABC
h
5 cos 30
x
h 5 x cos 30
"3
x
5
2
w
5 sin 30
x
w 5 x sin 30
1
5 x
2
Therefore, A 5 (60 2 2x)a
x
4x 1 2h 5 6
2x 1 h 5 3 or h 5 3 2 2x
Area 5 xh 1
5 x(3 2 2x) 1
A(x) 5 3x 2 2x 2 1
"3
x
"3
xb 1 3
x
2
2
2
"3 2
x , 0 # x # 30
4
Apply the Algorithm for Extreme Values,
A(x) 5 30!3x 2 !3x 2 1
Ar(x) 5 30!3 2 2 !3x 1
"3
1
3x3
x
2
2
"3
x
2
"3 x 2
4
"3 2
x
4
"3
x, 0 # x # 1.5
2
For max or min, let Ar(x) 5 0, x 8 1.04.
A(0) 5 0, A(1.04) 8 1.43, A(1.5) 8 1.42
The maximum area is approximately 1.43 cm2 and
occurs when x 5 0.96 cm and h 5 1.09 cm.
b. Yes. All the wood would be used for the outer
frame.
Ar(x) 5 3 2 4x 1
3-19
15.
N
W
E
S
Vehicle 1
3-20
t , .04
.04
t . .04
d9(t)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
a +b
w
a2 b2 L
a2 b2
a2 2 b2 2 L
W
5
a2 2 b2
2ab
2ab
W5 2
(a 2 2 b 2 2 L)
a 2 b2
2ab
A 5 LW 5 2
3a 2L 2 b 2L 2 L 24
a 2 b2
dA
Let
5 a 2 2 b 2 2 2L 5 0,
dL
a2 2 b2
L5
2
a2 2 b2
2ab
2
2
and W 5 2
ca
2
b
2
2
d
a 2 b2
2
5 ab.
The hypothesis is proven.
18. Let the height be h and the radius r.
k
Then, pr 2h 5 k, h 5 2.
pr
Let M represent the amount of material,
M 5 2pr 2 1 2prh
k
5 2pr 2 1 2prha 2 b
pr
2k
5 2pr 2 1 , 0 # r # `
r
Using the max min Algorithm,
dM
2k
5 4pr 2 2
dr
r
1
dM
k
k 3
Let
5 0, r 3 5
, r 2 0 or r 5 a b .
dr
2p
2p
When r S 0, M S `
r S `, M S `
1
k 3
r5a b
2p
k 3
d 5 2a b
2p
2
h5
pa
k (2p)3
k3
2
5 ?
5
? 23
p
k 3
b
2p
20.
M 5 2pa
h
Ratio 5
d
19.
2p 3
k 3
b 1 2ka b .
2p
k
1
3
a b ? 23
k
p
k 3
2a b
2p
2
k 3
a b ? 23
p
100 2 x
k 3
2a b
p
2
3
1
1
y
2
10 (a, (a 3) )
8
6
4
(3, 3) 2
8 6 4 2 0
2
4
6
2 4 6 8
1002
8 796
4p
3-21
21.
8
6
4
2
D
4 2 0
2
4
6
8
y
A(a2, 2a)
2 4 6 8
B(b2, 2b)
5
P(x, y)
B
0
10
(k, 0)
x
k
k
2
, y 5 k2 2 a b 5 k2
!3
!3
3
2
When x 5 6
dy
Max area is A 5
5
2k
2
4k 3
3 k2 5
3
!3
3
3 !3
!3
!3
4k 3
square units.
9
2. N(t) 5 20t 2 t 2
a. N(3) 5 60 2 9
5 51
N(2) 5 40 2 4
5 36
51 2 36 5 15 terms
b. Nr(t) 5 20 2 2t
Nr(2) 5 20 2 4
5 16 terms> h
c. t . 0, so the maximum rate (maximum value of
Nr(t)) is 20. 20 terms> h
6t
3. L(t) 5 2
t 1 2t 1 1
6(t 2 1 2t 1 1) 2 6t(2t 1 2)
a. Lr(t) 5
(t 2 1 2t 1 1)2
2
26t 1 6
5 2
(t 1 2t 1 1)2
Let Lr(t) 5 0, then 26t 2 1 6 5 0,
t2 5 1
t 2 5 61.
6
6
b. L(1) 5
5 5 1.5
11211
4
c.
4. C 5 4000 1
5.
x
y
Let Rr(x) 5 0:
200x 5 1000
x 5 5.
The new fare is $20 1 $0.5(5) 5 $22.50 and the
maximum revenue is $202 500.
v3
8. Cost C 2 a 1 216b 3 t
2
500
.
Where vt 5 500 or t 5
v
500
v3
C(v) 5 a 1 216b a
b
v
2
108 000
5 250v 2 1
, where v $ 0.
v
108 000
Cr(v) 5 500v 2
v2
108 000
Let Cr(v) 5 0, then 500v 5
v2
108 000
v3 5
500
v 3 5 216
v 5 6.
The most economical speed is 6 nautical miles> h.
9.
h
x
2h
Rr(0) 5 400 . 0
Rr(100) 5 2600 , 0
maximum: The price of the CD player should
be $50.
14. Let x be the number of price changes and R be
the revenue.
R 5 (75 2 5x)(14 000 1 800x), x # 7.5
Rr 5 800(75 2 5x) 1 (25)(14 000 1 800x)
Set Rr 5 0
0 5 60 000 2 4000x 2 70 000 2 4000x
10 000 5 28000x
x 5 21.25
Price 5 $75 2 $5(21.25)
Price 5 $81.25
Rr(22) 5 6000 . 0
Rr(2) 5 226 000 , 0
maximum: The price of a ticket should be $81.25.
15. P(x) 5 (2000 2 5x)(1000x)
2 (15 000 000 1 1 800 000x 1 75x 2 )
P(x) 5 2 000 000x 2 5000x 2 2 15 000 000
2 1 800 000x 2 75x 2
P(x) 5 25075x 2 1 200 000x 2 15 000 000
Pr(x) 5 210 150x 1 200 000
Set Pr(x) 5 0
0 5 210 150x 1 200 000
10 150x 5 200 000
x 8 19.704
Pr(0) 5 200 000 . 0
Pr(20) 5 23000 , 0
maximum: The computer manufacturer should sell
19 704 units to maximize profit.
16. P(x) 5 R(x) 2 C(x)
Marginal Revenue 5 Rr(x).
Marginal Cost 5 Cr(x).
Now Pr(x) 5 Rr(x) 2 Cr(x).
The critical point occurs when Pr(x) 5 0.
If Rr(x) 5 Cr(x), then Pr(x) 5 Rr(x) 2 Rr(x)
5 0.
Therefore, the instantaneous rate of change in profit
is 0 when the marginal revenue equals the marginal
cost.
17.
h
r
3-25
3-26
21755(19s 2 .1s 2 )
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
(431 775 2 1755s)(19 2 .2s)
2
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
(233 345s 1 175.5s 2 )
Cr 5
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
(8 203 725 2 119 700s 1 351s 2 )
2
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
2175.5s 2 1 86 355s 2 8 203 725
Cr 5
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
Let Cr 5 0:
2175.5s 2 1 86 355s 2 8 203 725
50
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
s 5 128.4
There is a critical number at s 5 128.4 km> h
Cr 5
s , 128.4
128.4
s . 128.4
C9(s)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
2r0
3
1. f(x) 5 x 4 2
2. y 5 x 9 2 7x 3 1 2
dy
5 9x 8 2 21x 2
dx
d 2y
5 72x 7 2 42x
dx 2
1
3. s(t) 5 t 2 1 2(2t 2 3)2
1
1
v 5 sr(t) 5 2t 1 (2t 2 3)2 2 (2)
2
1
5 2t 1 (2t 2 3)2 2
1
3
a 5 ss (t) 5 2 2 (2t 2 3)22 (2)
2
3
5 2 2 (2t 2 3)2 2
5
4. s(t) 5 t 2 7 1
t
5 t 2 7 1 5t 21
v(t) 5 1 2 5t 22
a(t) 5 10t 23
5. s(t) 5 45t 2 5t 2
v(t) 5 45 2 10t
For v(t) 5 0, t 5 4.5.
t
0 " t * 4.5
4.5
t + 4.5
v(t)
22
2 52
min
max
2 27
2 16
f (x) 5 12x 2 x3
23
29
22
216
16
max
265
min
18
x
f r(x) 5 2 2 18x 22
For max min, f r(x) 5 0:
18
52
x2
x2 5 9
x 5 63.
c. f(x) 5 2x 1
30
15
0
15
10
30
45
t (seconds)
6. a. f(x) 5 2x 3 2 9x 2
f r(x) 5 6x 2 2 18x
For max min, fr(x) 5 0:
6x(x 2 3) 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 3.
f (x) 5 2x 1
18
x
20
12
18
10 1
5 13.6
5
3-27
v (t) 5 2 1
2 min
1
!3
21
21
16t
(t 2 1 1)2
16
!3
( 13 1 1)2
521
16 !3
3
16
9
5 2 1 3!3 max
32
5 3.28
25
u (x) 5
625.01
625
1 0.01x
x
250
500
625
1 5 5 6.25
500
3-28
C(x) 5
C(x)
x
16 000
x
To find the minimum average cost, we solve
C r(x) 5 0
16 000
0.004 2
50
x2
4x 2 2 16 000 000 5 0
x 2 5 4 000 000
x 5 2000, x . 0
From the graph, it can be seen that x 5 2000 is a
minimum. Therefore, a production level of 2000
items minimizes the average cost.
12. a. s(t) 5 3t 2 2 10
v(t) 5 6t
v(3) 5 18
v(3) . 0, so the object is moving to the right.
s(3) 5 27 2 10 5 17. The object is to the right of
the starting point and moving to the right, so it is
moving away from its starting point.
b. s(t) 5 2t 3 1 4t 2 2 10
s(0) 5 210
Therefore, its starting position is at 210.
s(3) 5 227 1 36 2 10
5 21
v(t) 5 23t 2 1 8t
v(3) 5 227 1 24
5 23
Since s(3) and v(3) are both negative, the object
is moving away from the origin and towards its
starting position.
16
13. s 5 27t 3 1
1 10, t . 0
t
16
a. v 5 81t 2 2 2
t
16
81t 2 2 2 5 0
t
81t 4 5 16
16
t4 5
81
2
t56
3
t.0
2
Therefore, t 5 .
3
C(x) 5 0.004x 1 40 1
dv
32
5 162t 1 3
dt
t
2
32
2
At t 5 , a 5 162 3 1 2
3
3
3
5 216
Since a . 0, the particle is accelerating.
14. Let the base be x cm by x cm and the height h cm.
Therefore, x 2h 5 10 000.
A 5 x 2 1 4xh
10 000
But h 5
,
x2
10 000
A(x) 5 x 2 1 4xa
b
x2
400 000
5 x2 1
, for x $ 5
x
400 000
Ar(x) 5 2x 2
,
x2
400 000
Let Ar(x) 5 0, then 2x 5
x2
3
x 5 200 000
x 5 27.14.
Using the max min Algorithm,
A(5) 5 25 1 80 000 5 80 025
A(27.14) 8 15 475
The dimensions of a box of minimum area is
27.14 cm for the base and height 13.57 cm.
15. Let the length be x and the width y.
b. a 5
P 5 2x 1 6y and xy 5 12 000 or y 5
12 000
x
12 000
x
72 000
P(x) 5 2x 1
, 10 # x # 1200(5 3 240)
x
72 000
Ar(x) 5 2 2
x2
Let Ar(x) 5 0,
2x 2 5 72 000
x 2 5 36 000
x 8 190.
Using max min Algorithm,
A(10) 5 20 1 7200 5 7220 m 2
A(190) 8 759 m 2
A(1200) 5 1 440 060
P(x) 5 2x 1 6 3
3-29
402x
202x
1 km
8x
A
C
8
20 x
C
20 km
5 km
A
Then, RC 5 20 2 x and 4.
PC 5 "25 1 x 2
The cost:
C(x) 5 100 000"25 1 x 2 1 75 000(20 2 x),
0 # x # 20
1
1
Cr(x) 5 100 000 3 (25 1 x 2 )22 (2x) 2 75 000.
2
Let C r(x) 5 0,
100 000x
2 75 000 5 0
!25 1 x 2
4x 5 3 !25 1 x2
16x 2 5 9(25 1 x 2 )
7x 2 5 225
x 2 8 32
x 8 5.7.
Using max min Algorithm,
A(0) 5 100 000!25 1 75 000(20) 5 2 000 000
A(5.7) 5 100 000!25 1 5.72 1 75 000(20 2 5.7)
5 1 830 721.60
A(20) 5 2 061 552.81.
The minimum cost is $1 830 722 and occurs when
the pipeline meets the shore at a point C, 5.7 km
from point A, directly across from P.
22.
3 cm
2 cm
A 5 hw
81 5 (h 2 6)(w 2 4)
81
5w24
h26
81
145w
h26
81 1 4(h 2 6)
5w
h26
4h 1 57
5w
h26
Substitute for w in the area equation and differentiate:
3-31
4h 1 57
h26
4h 2 1 57h
A5
h26
(8h 1 57)(h 2 6) 2 (4h 2 1 57h)
Ar 5
(h 2 6)2
2
8h 1 9h 2 342 2 4h 2 2 57h
Ar 5
(h 2 6)2
2
4h 2 48h 2 342
Ar 5
(h 2 6)2
Let Ar 5 0:
4h 2 2 48h 2 342
50
(h 2 6)2
Therefore, 4h 2 2 48h 2 342 5 0
Using the quadratic formula, h 5 17.02 cm
A 5 (h)
t , 17.02
17.02
t . 17.02
A9(h)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
2240 000
1 284
y2
284y 2 2 240 000
Cr 5
y2
Let Cr 5 0:
284y 2 2 240 000
50
y2
Therefore 284y 2 2 240 000 5 0
284y 2 5 240 000
y 5 29.1 m
Cr 5
y , 29.1
29.1
y . 29.1
C9(y)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
Boat 1
y
x
= Brick
= Fence
1000
for y in the cost equation and differeny
3-32
Dock
t , .39
.39
t . .39
d9(t)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
3-33
Set f r (x) 5 0
0 5 3x 2 2 12
x2 5 4
x 5 22 or x 5 2
f(25) 5 (25)3 2 12(25) 1 2
f(25) 5 2125 1 60 1 2
f(25) 5 263
f(2) 5 (2)3 2 12(2) 1 2
f(2) 5 8 2 24 1 2
f(2) 5 214
f(22) 5 (22)3 2 12(22) 1 2
f(22) 5 28 1 24 1 2
f(22) 5 18
f(5) 5 (5)3 2 12(5) 1 2
f(5) 5 125 2 60 1 2
f(5) 5 67
Absolute Maximum: f(5) 5 67
Absolute Minimum: f(25) 5 263
d. f(x) 5 3x 5 2 5x 3, 22 # x # 4
f r (x) 5 15x 4 2 15x 2
Set f r (x) 5 0
0 5 15x 4 2 15x 2
0 5 15x 2 (x 2 2 1)
0 5 15x 2 (x 2 1)(x 1 1)
x 5 21 or x 5 0 or x 5 1
f(22) 5 3(22)5 2 5(22)3
f(22) 5 296 1 40
f(22) 5 256
f(0) 5 3(0)5 1 5(0)3
f(0) 5 0
Note: (0, 0) is not a maximum or a minimum
f(4) 5 3(4)5 2 5(4)3
f(4) 5 3072 2 320
f(4) 5 2752
f(21) 5 3(21)5 2 5(21)3
f(21) 5 23 1 5
f(21) 5 2
f(1) 5 3(1)5 2 5(1)3
f(1) 5 3 2 5
f(1) 5 22
Absolute Maximum: f(4) 5 2752
Absolute Minimum: f(22) 5 256
27. a. s(t) 5 20t 2 0.3t 3
sr (t) 5 20 2 0.9t 2
The car stops when sr (t) 5 0.
20 2 0.9t 2 5 0
0.9t 2 5 20
3-34
20
0.9
t 8 4.714
(24.714 is inadmissible)
s(4.714) 5 20(4.714) 2 0.3(4.714)3
8 62.9 m
b. From the solution to a., the stopping time is
about 4.7 s.
c. ss (t) 5 21.8t
ss (2) 5 21.8(2)
5 23.6 m> s2
The deceleration is 3.6 m> s2.
d
28. a. f r (x) 5 (5x 3 2 x)
dx
5 15x 2 2 1
d
(15x 2 2 1)
f s (x) 5
dx
5 30x
So f s (2) 5 30(2) 5 60
d
b. f r (x) 5 (22x 23 1 x 2 )
dx
5 6x 24 1 2x
d
(6x 24 1 2x)
f s (x) 5
dx
5 224x 25 1 2
So f s (21) 5 224(21)25 1 2 5 26
d
c. f r (x) 5 (4x 2 1)4
dx
5 4(4x 2 1)3 (4)
5 16(4x 2 1)3
d
(16(4x 2 1)3 )
f s (x) 5
dx
5 16(3)(4x 2 1)2 (4)
5 192(4x 2 1)2
So f s (0) 5 192(4(0) 2 1)2 5 192
d
2x
b
d. f r (x) 5 a
dx x 2 5
(x 2 5)(2) 2 (2x)(1)
5
(x 2 5)2
210
5
(x 2 5)2
d
210
f s (x) 5
b
a
dx (x 2 5)2
(x 2 5)2 (0) 2 (210)(2(x 2 5))
5
(x 2 5)4
t5
20
(x 2 5)3
5
20
So f s (1) 5
52
(1 2 5)3
16
1
e. f(x) can be rewritten as f(x) 5 (x 1 5)2. Then
5
f r(x) 5
1
d
(x 1 5) 2
dx
1
1
5 (x 1 5)22
2
d 1
1
f s (x) 5
a (x 1 5)22 b
dx 2
1
1
3
5 a b a2 b (x 1 5)22
2
2
1
3
5 2 (x 1 5)22
4
1
1
3
So f s (4) 5 2 (4 1 5)22 5 2
4
108
2
f. f(x) can be rewritten as f(x) 5 x 3. Then
f r(x) 5
d 23
x
dx
( )
2
1
5 a bx 23
3
d 2 213
f s (x) 5
aa bx b
dx 3
2
1
4
5 a b a2 bx 23
3
3
2
4
5 2 a bx 23
9
2
1
4
So f s (8) 5 2 a b (8)23 5 2
9
72
2t
29. a. s(t) 5
t13
(t 1 3)(2) 2 2t(1)
sr(t) 5
(t 1 3)2
2t 1 6 2 2t
5
(t 1 3)2
6
5
(t 1 3)2
(t 1 3)2 (0) 2 6(2(t 1 3) 1 1)
ss (t) 5
(t 1 3)4
26(2t 1 6)
5
(t 1 3)4
212(t 1 3)
5
(t 1 3)4
212
(t 1 3)3
2(3)
s(3) 5
313
6
5
6
51
6
sr(3) 5
(3 1 3)2
6
5
36
1
5
6
212
ss (3) 5
(3 1 3)3
212
5
216
1
52
18
At t 5 3, position is 1, velocity is 16, acceleration is
2 181 , and speed is 16.
5
b. s(t) 5 t 1
t12
(t 1 2)(0) 2 5(1)
sr(t) 5 1 1
(t 1 2)2
5
512
(t 1 2)2
(t 1 2)2 (0) 2 532(t 1 2)(1)4
ss (t) 5 0 2
(t 1 2)4
10(t 1 2)
5
(t 1 2)4
10
5
(t 1 2)3
5
s(1) 5 1 1
112
5
511
3
8
5
3
5
sr(1) 5 1 2
(1 1 2)2
5
512
9
4
5
9
5
3-35
10
(1 1 2)3
10
5
27
At t 5 3, position is 83, velocity is 49, acceleration is
10
4
27 , and speed is 9 .
ss (1) 5
v(5) 2 v(0)
d. Average acceleration 5
which is
520
undefined because v(0) is undefined.
2
4
e. a(5) 5 (52 1 5)23 (2(5)2 1 2(5) 6 1)
9
2
4
5 ( 3023) (59)
9
8 0.141
The acceleration at 5 s is approximately 0.141 m> s2.
b. f(x) 5 29x 5 2 4x 3 1 6x 2 12
f r(x) 5 245x 4 2 12x 2 1 6
f s (x) 5 2180x 3 2 24x
c. y 5 5x 23 1 10x 3
yr 5 215x 24 1 30x 2
ys 5 60x 25 1 60x
d. f(x) 5 (4x 2 8)3
f r(x) 5 3(4x 2 8)2 (4)
5 12(4x 2 8)2
f s (x) 5 24(4x 2 8)(4)
5 96(4x 2 8)
2. a. s(t) 5 23t 3 1 5t 2 2 6t
v(t) 5 29t 2 1 10t 2 6
v(3) 5 29(9) 1 30 2 6
5 257
a(t) 5 218t 1 10
a(3) 5 218(3) 1 10
5 244
b. s(t) 5 (2t 2 5)3
v(t) 5 3(2t 2 5)2 (2)
5 6(2t 2 5)2
v(2) 5 6(4 2 5)2
56
a(t) 5 12(2t 2 5)(2)
5 24(2t 2 5)
a(2) 5 24(4 2 5)
5 224
3. a. s(t) 5 t 2 2 3t 1 2
v(t) 5 2t 2 3
a(t) 5 2
b. 2t 2 3 5 0
t 5 1.5 s
s(1.5) 5 1.52 2 3
(1.5) 1 2 5 20.25
c. t2 2 3t 1 2 5 0
(t 2 1)(t 2 2) 5 0
t 5 1 or t 5 2
0 v(1) 0 5 0 21 0
5 1
0 v(2) 0 5 0 1 0
51
The speed is 1 m> s when the position is 0.
d. The object moves to the left when v(t) , 0.
2t 2 3 , 0
t , 1.5
The object moves to the left between t 5 0 s and
t 5 1.5 s.
e. v(5) 5 10 2 3 5 7 m>s
v(2) 5 4 2 3 5 1 m>s
721
average velocity 5
522
5 2 m>s2
3
4. a. f(x) 5 x 2 12x 1 2
f r(x) 5 3x 2 2 12x
2
3x 2 12x 5 0
3x(x 2 4) 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 4
Test the endpoints and the values that make the
derivative 0.
f(25) 5 2125 1 60 1 2 5 263 min
f(0) 5 2
f(4) 5 64 2 48 1 2 5 18
f(5) 5 125 2 60 1 2 5 67 max
9
b. f(x) 5 x 1
x
5 x 1 9x 21
f r(x) 5 1 2 9x 22
1 2 9x 22 5 0
9
12 250
x
x2 2 9
50
x2
x2 2 9 5 0
x 5 63
x 5 23 is not in the given interval.
f(1) 5 1 1 9 5 10
max
f(3) 5 3 1 3 5 6
min
f(6) 5 6 1 1.5 5 7.5
5. a. h(t) 5 24.9t 2 1 21t 1 0.45
hr(t) 5 29.8t 1 21
Set hr(t) 5 0 and solve for t.
29.8t 1 21 5 0
9.8t 5 21
t 8 2.1 s
The graph has a max or min at t 5 2.1 s. Since the
equation represents a parabola, and the lead coefficient is negative, the value must be a maximum.
b. h(2.1) 5 24.9(2.1)2 1 21(2.1) 1 0.45
8 22.9
The maximum height is about 22.9 m.
6.
x
lim 1 A(x) 5 0
xS0
250
1000
A(x) 5 0
y
x
2x
y
Calculus and Vectors Solutions Manual
3-37
Let C r(x) 5 0:
21700
1 0.4x 5 0
x2
0.4x 3 5 1700
x 3 5 4250
x 8 16.2.
Using max min Algorithm,
C(0) S `
1700
C(16.2) 5
1 0.2(16.2)2 5 157.4.
16.2
Minimum when x 5 16.2, 2x 5 32.4 and y 5 19.0.
The required dimensions are 162 mm by 324 mm
by 190 mm.
3-38
CHAPTER 3
Derivatives and Their Applications
Review of Prerequisite Skills,
pp. 116117
1. a.
3
2
1
6
4
2
1 2 3
f.
y
6 4 2 0
2
4
6
c.
6
4
2
2 4 6
6 4 2 0
2
4
6
d.
6
4
2
6 4 2 0
2
4
6
2 4 6
x
2 4 6
12
8
4
6 4 2 0
4
8
12
3 2 1 0
1
2
b.
e.
12
8
4
6 4 2 0
4
8
12
2 4 6
x
2 4 6
2. a. 3(x 2 2) 1 2(x 2 1) 2 6 5 0
3x 2 6 1 2x 2 2 2 6 5 0
5x 5 14
14
x5
5
1
2
x25
b. (x 2 2) 1 (x 1 3) 5
3
5
2
10(x 2 2) 1 12(x 1 3) 5 15(x 2 5)
10x 2 20 1 12x 1 36 5 15x 2 75
22x 1 16 5 15x 2 75
7x 5 291
x 5 213
c. t 2 2 4t 1 3 5 0
(t 2 3)(t 2 1) 5 0
t 5 3 or t 5 1
d. 2t 2 2 5t 2 3 5 0
(2t 1 1)(t 2 3) 5 0
1
t 5 2 or t 5 3
2
6
t
e.
1 54
t
2
12 1 t 2 5 8t
t 2 2 8t 1 12 5 0
(t 2 6)(t 2 2) 5 0
6 t 5 2 or t 5 6
3-1
x 3 1 2x 2 2 3x 5 0
x(x 2 1 2x 2 3) 5 0
x(x 1 3)(x 2 1) 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 23 or x 5 1
g. x 3 2 8x 2 1 16x 5 0
x(x 2 2 8x 1 16) 5 0
x(x 2 4)2 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 4
4t 3 1 12t 2 2 t 2 3 5 0
h.
4t 2 (t 1 3) 2 1(t 1 3) 5 0
(t 1 3)(4t 2 2 1) 5 0
(t 1 3)(2t 2 1)(2t 1 1) 5 0
1
1
t 5 23 or t 5 or t 5 2
2
2
i. 4t 4 2 13t 2 1 9 5 0
(4t 2 2 9)(t 2 2 1) 5 0
9
t 5 6 or t 5 61
4
3. a. 3x 2 2 . 7
3x . 9
x.3
b. x(x 2 3) . 0
1
2
1
0
3
f.
x , 0 or x . 3
c. 2x 2 1 4x . 0
2
1
2
0
4
x(x 2 4) , 0
0,x,4
4. a. P 5 4s
20 5 4s
55s
A 5 s2
5 52
5 25 cm 2
b. A 5 lw
5 8(6) 5 48 cm 2
c. A 5 pr 2
5 p(7)2
5 49p cm 2
d. C 5 2pr
12p 5 2pr
65r
A 5 pr 2
5 p(6)2
5 36p cm 2
3-2
5. a. SA 5 2prh 1 2pr 2
5 2p(4)(3) 1 2p(4)2
5 24p 1 32p
5 56p cm 2
V 5 pr 2h
5 p(4)2 (3)
5 48p cm 3
b. V 5 pr 2h
96p 5 p(4)2h
h 5 6 cm
SA 5 2prh 1 2pr 2
5 2p(4)(6) 1 2p(4)2
5 48p 1 32p
5 80p cm 2
c. V 5 pr 2h
216p 5 pr 2 (6)
r 5 6 cm
SA 5 2prh 1 2pr 2
5 2p(6)(6) 1 2p(6)2
5 72p 1 72p
5 144p cm 2
d. SA 5 2prh 1 2pr 2
120p 5 2p(5)h 1 2p(5)2
120p 5 10ph 1 50p
70p 5 10ph
h 5 7 cm
V 5 pr 2h
5 p(5)2 (7)
5 175p cm 3
6. For a cube, SA 5 6s 2 and V 5 s 3, where s is the
length of any edge of the cube.
a. SA 5 6(3)2
5 54 cm 2
V 5 33
5 27 cm 3
b. SA 5 6 ("5 )
5 30 cm 2
V 5 ("5 )3
5 5"5 cm 3
c. SA 5 6 (2"3 )2
5 72 cm 2
V 5 (2"3 )3
5 24"3 cm 3
d. SA 5 6(2k)2
5 24k 2 cm 2
V 5 (2k)3
5 8k3 cm3
Chapter 3: Derivatives and Their Applications
7. a. (3, ` )
b. (2 `, 224
c. (2 `, 0)
d. 325, `)
e. (22, 84
f. (24, 4)
8. a. 5xPR0 x . 56
b. 5xPR0 x # 216
c. 5xPR6
d. 5xPR0 210 # x # 126
e. 5xPR0 21 , x , 36
f. 5xPR0 2 # x , 206
9. a.
1. v(1) 5 2 2 1 5 1
v(5) 5 10 2 25 5 215
At t 5 1, the velocity is positive; this means that
the object is moving in whatever is the positive
direction for the scenario. At t 5 5, the velocity is
negative; this means that the object is moving in
whatever is the negative direction for the scenario.
2. a. y 5 x 10 1 3x 6
yr 5 10x 9 1 18x 5
ys 5 90x 8 1 90x 4
1
b. f(x) 5 #x 5 x2
1 1
f r(x) 5 x 22
2
1 3
f s (x) 5 2 x 22
4
c. y 5 (1 2 x)2
yr 5 2(1 2 x)(21)
5 22 1 2x
ys 5 2
d. h(x) 5 3x 4 2 4x 3 2 3x 2 2 5
hr(x) 5 12x 3 2 12x 2 2 6x
hs (x) 5 36x 2 2 24x 2 6
3
e. y 5 4x2 2 x 22
1
yr 5 6x2 1 2x 23
3-3
7. a. (3, ` )
b. (2 `, 224
c. (2 `, 0)
d. 325, `)
e. (22, 84
f. (24, 4)
8. a. 5xPR0 x . 56
b. 5xPR0 x # 216
c. 5xPR6
d. 5xPR0 210 # x # 126
e. 5xPR0 21 , x , 36
f. 5xPR0 2 # x , 206
9. a.
1. v(1) 5 2 2 1 5 1
v(5) 5 10 2 25 5 215
At t 5 1, the velocity is positive; this means that
the object is moving in whatever is the positive
direction for the scenario. At t 5 5, the velocity is
negative; this means that the object is moving in
whatever is the negative direction for the scenario.
2. a. y 5 x 10 1 3x 6
yr 5 10x 9 1 18x 5
ys 5 90x 8 1 90x 4
1
b. f(x) 5 #x 5 x2
1 1
f r(x) 5 x 22
2
1 3
f s (x) 5 2 x 22
4
c. y 5 (1 2 x)2
yr 5 2(1 2 x)(21)
5 22 1 2x
ys 5 2
d. h(x) 5 3x 4 2 4x 3 2 3x 2 2 5
hr(x) 5 12x 3 2 12x 2 2 6x
hs (x) 5 36x 2 2 24x 2 6
3
e. y 5 4x2 2 x 22
1
yr 5 6x2 1 2x 23
3-3
ys 5 3x 22 2 6x 24
3
6
5
2 4
x
"x
2x
f. f(x) 5
x11
(x 1 1)(2) 2 (2x)(1)
f r(x) 5
(x 1 1)2
2x 1 2 2 2x
5
(x 1 1)2
2
5
(x 1 1)2
(x 1 1)2 (0) 2 (2)(2(x 1 1))
f s (x) 5
(x 1 1)4
24x 2 4
5
(x 1 1)4
g. y 5 x 2 1 x 22
yr 5 2x 2 2x 23
ys 5 2 1 6x 24
6
521 4
x
1
h. g(x) 5 (3x 2 6)2
3
1
gr(x) 5 (3x 2 6)22
2
9
3
gs (x) 5 2 (3x 2 6)22
4
9
52
3
4(3x 2 6)2
i. y 5 (2x 1 4)3
yr 5 6(2x 1 4)2
ys 5 24(2x 1 4)
5 48x 1 96
5
j. h(x) 5 x3
5 2
hr(x) 5 x3
3
10 1
hs (x) 5 x 23
9
10
5 31
9x
3. a. s(t) 5 5t 2 2 3t 1 15
v(t) 5 10t 2 3
a(t) 5 10
b. s(t) 5 2t 3 1 36t 2 10
v(t) 5 6t 2 1 36
a(t) 5 12t
3-4
6
t
5 t 2 8 1 6t 21
v(t) 5 1 2 6t 22
a(t) 5 12t 23
d. s(t) 5 (t 2 3)2
v(t) 5 2(t 2 3)
a(t) 5 2
c. s(t) 5 t 2 8 1
e. s(t) 5 "t 1 1
1
1
v(t) 5 (t 1 1)22
2
1
3
a(t) 5 2 (t 1 1)22
4
9t
f. s(t) 5
t13
9(t 1 3) 2 9t
v(t) 5
(t 1 3)2
27
5
(t 1 3)2
a(t) 5 254(t 1 3)23
4. a. i. t 5 3
ii. 1 , t , 3
iii. 3 , t , 5
b. i. t 5 3, t 5 7
ii. 1 , t , 3, 7 , t , 9
iii. 3 , t , 7
1
5. a. s 5 t 3 2 2t 2 1 3t
3
v 5 t 2 2 4t 1 3
a 5 2t 2 4
b. For v 5 0,
(t 2 3)(t 2 1) 5 0
t 5 3 or t 5 1.
1
0 1
1
3
1
6. a. s 5 2 t 2 1 t 1 4
3
2
v52 t11
3
2
v(1) 5 2 1 1
3
1
5
3
2
v(4) 5 2 (4) 1 1
3
5
52
3
For t 5 1, moving in a positive direction.
For t 5 4, moving in a negative direction.
b. s(t) 5 t(t 2 3)2
v(t) 5 (t 2 3)2 1 2t(t 2 3)
5 (t 2 3)(t 2 3 1 2t)
5 (t 2 3)(3t 2 3)
5 3(t 2 1)(t 2 3)
v(1) 5 0
v(4) 5 9
For t 5 1, the object is stationary.
t 5 4, the object is moving in a positive direction.
c. s(t) 5 t 3 2 7t 2 1 10t
v(t) 5 3t 2 2 14t 1 10
v(1) 5 21
v(4) 5 2
For t 5 1, the object is moving in a negative direction.
For t 5 4, the object is moving in a positive direction.
7. a. s(t) 5 t 2 2 6t 1 8
v(t) 5 2t 2 6
b. 2t 2 6 5 0
t53s
8. s(t) 5 40t 2 5t 2
v(t) 5 40 2 10t
a. When v 5 0, the object stops rising.
t54s
b. Since s(t) represents a quadratic function that
opens down because a 5 25 , 0, a maximum
height is attained. It occurs when v 5 0. Height is
a maximum for
s(4) 5 160 2 5(16)
5 80 m.
9. s(t) 5 8 2 7t 1 t 2
v(t) 5 27 1 2t
a(t) 5 2
a. v(5) 5 27 1 10
5 3 m>s
b. a(5) 5 2 m>s 2
Calculus and Vectors Solutions Manual
10. s(t) 5 t 2 (7 2 t)
5 3
5
a. v(t) 5 t 2 (7 2 t) 2 t 2
2
35 23
5 5
5
5
t 2 t2 2 t2
2
2
35 23
7 5
5
t 2 t2
2
2
105 21
35 23
a(t) 5
t 2
t
2
4
b. The object stops when its velocity is 0.
7 5
35 3
v(t) 5 t 2 2 t 2
2
2
7 3
5 t 2 (5 2 t)
2
v(t) 5 0 for t 5 0 (when it starts moving) and
t 5 5.
So the object stops after 5 s.
c. The direction of the motion changes when its
velocity changes from a positive to a negative value
or visa versa.
t
0"t*5
t55
t+5
v(t)
(1)(1) 5 1
(1)(2 ) 5 2
7 23
t (5 2 t)
v(t) 5 0 for t 5 5
2
Therefore, the object changes direction at 5 s.
35 1
d. a(t) 5 0 for t 2 (6 2 t) 5 0.
4
t 5 0 or t 5 6 s.
v(t) 5
0*t*6
t56
t+6
a(t)
(1)(1) 5 1
(1)(2 ) 5 2
3-5
t=3
10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25
b. s 5 t 3 2 12t 2 9
v 5 3t 2 2 12
5 3(t 2 2 4)
5 3(t 2 2)(t 1 2)
a 5 6t
3-6
t=0
30 25 20 15 10 5
5 10
s(t) 5 t 5 2 10t 2
v(t) 5 5t 4 2 20t
a(t) 5 20t 3 2 20
For a(t) 5 0,
20t 3 2 20 5 0
20(t 3 2 1) 5 0
t 5 1.
Therefore, the acceleration will be zero at 1 s.
s(1) 5 1 2 10
5 29
,0
v(1) 5 5 2 20
5 215
,0
Since the signs of both s and v are the same at
t 5 1, the object is moving away from the origin at
that time.
15. a. s(t) 5 kt 2 1 (6k 2 2 10k)t 1 2k
v(t) 5 2kt 1 (6k 2 2 10k)
a(t) 5 2k 1 0
5 2k
Since k 2 0 and kPR, then a(t) 5 2k 2 0 and an
element of the Real numbers. Therefore, the
acceleration is constant.
b.
For v(t) 5 0
2kt 1 6k 2 2 10k 5 0
2kt 5 10k 2 6k 2
t 5 5 2 3k
k20
s(5 2 3k)
5 k(5 2 3k)2 1 (6k 2 2 10k)(5 2 3k) 1 2k
5 k(25 2 30k 1 9k 2 ) 1 30k 2 2 18k 3
2 50k 1 30k 2 1 2k
5 25k 2 30k 2 1 9k 3 1 30k 2 2 18k 3 2 50k
1 30k 2 1 2k
5 29k 3 1 30k 2 2 23k
Therefore, the velocity is 0 at t 5 5 2 3k, and its
position at that time is 29k 3 1 30k 2 2 23k.
14.
0
1
50
5
tS0
For t $ 0,
t3
s(t) 5 2
t 11
3t 2 (t 2 1 1) 2 2t(t 3 )
and v(t) 5
(t 2 1 1)2
4
t 1 3t 2
5 2
(t 1 1)2
(4t 3 1 6t)(t 2 1 1)2
and a(t) 5
(t 2 1 1)2
2(t2 1 1)(2t)(t 4 1 3t 2 )
2
(t 2 1 1)2
(4t 3 1 6t)(t 2 1 1) 2 4t(t 4 1 3t 2 )
5
(t 2 1 1)3
4t 5 1 6t 3 1 4t 3 1 6t 2 4t 5 2 12t 3
5
(t 2 1 1)3
22t 3 1 6t
5 2
(t 1 1)3
0, if t , 0
3
1
6t
22t
Therefore, a(t) 5
, if t $ 0
(t2 1 1)3
0, if t , 0
4
2
and n(t) 5 t 1 3t
, if t $ 0
2
(t 1 1)2
0
lim2 a(t) 5 0, lim1 a(t) 5
tS0
tS0
1
5 0.
Thus, lim a(t) 5 0.
17. v 5 #b 2 1 2gs
1
v 5 (b 2 1 2gs)2
dv
1
ds
1
5 (b 2 1 2gs)22 ? a0 1 2g b
dt
2
dt
1
a5
? 2gv
2v
a5g
Since g is a constant, a is a constant, as required.
ds
Note:
5v
dt
dv
5a
dt
18. F 5 m0
d
v
a
b
dt !1 2 ( vc )2
2v
dv
v2 1
1
v2 1
(1 2 2 )2 2 (1 2 2 )22 a2 2dt b ? v
dt
c
2
c
c
v2
12 2
c
dv
5 a,
dt
m0
5
Since
m0 S
0
1
5 0.
Therefore, lim a(t) 5 a(0).
tS0
tS1`
11
11
3
t2
2
1
1 4
t2
t
51
22
6
1 4
t3
t
lim a(t) 5 lim
3
3
1
tS1`
tS`
11 21 41 6
t
t
t
)2 Sa(1 2 vc ) 1 vc a T
1
2
v2
1 2 c2
ac2 2 av2
v2 a
1 c2 T
c2
v2 3
1 2 c2 2
tS0
Also, a(0) 5
v2
m0 1 2 c 2
m0 ac
v2
v2
c2 1 2 c2
m0 a
c2 1 2 c2
3
2
3
2
, as required.
3-7
0
1
50
5
tS0
For t $ 0,
t3
s(t) 5 2
t 11
3t 2 (t 2 1 1) 2 2t(t 3 )
and v(t) 5
(t 2 1 1)2
4
t 1 3t 2
5 2
(t 1 1)2
(4t 3 1 6t)(t 2 1 1)2
and a(t) 5
(t 2 1 1)2
2(t2 1 1)(2t)(t 4 1 3t 2 )
2
(t 2 1 1)2
(4t 3 1 6t)(t 2 1 1) 2 4t(t 4 1 3t 2 )
5
(t 2 1 1)3
4t 5 1 6t 3 1 4t 3 1 6t 2 4t 5 2 12t 3
5
(t 2 1 1)3
22t 3 1 6t
5 2
(t 1 1)3
0, if t , 0
3
1
6t
22t
Therefore, a(t) 5
, if t $ 0
(t2 1 1)3
0, if t , 0
4
2
and n(t) 5 t 1 3t
, if t $ 0
2
(t 1 1)2
0
lim2 a(t) 5 0, lim1 a(t) 5
tS0
tS0
1
5 0.
Thus, lim a(t) 5 0.
17. v 5 #b 2 1 2gs
1
v 5 (b 2 1 2gs)2
dv
1
ds
1
5 (b 2 1 2gs)22 ? a0 1 2g b
dt
2
dt
1
a5
? 2gv
2v
a5g
Since g is a constant, a is a constant, as required.
ds
Note:
5v
dt
dv
5a
dt
18. F 5 m0
d
v
a
b
dt !1 2 ( vc )2
2v
dv
v2 1
1
v2 1
(1 2 2 )2 2 (1 2 2 )22 a2 2dt b ? v
dt
c
2
c
c
v2
12 2
c
dv
5 a,
dt
m0
5
Since
m0 S
0
1
5 0.
Therefore, lim a(t) 5 a(0).
tS0
tS1`
11
11
3
t2
2
1
1 4
t2
t
51
22
6
1 4
t3
t
lim a(t) 5 lim
3
3
1
tS1`
tS`
11 21 41 6
t
t
t
)2 Sa(1 2 vc ) 1 vc a T
1
2
v2
1 2 c2
ac2 2 av2
v2 a
1 c2 T
c2
v2 3
1 2 c2 2
tS0
Also, a(0) 5
v2
m0 1 2 c 2
m0 ac
v2
v2
c2 1 2 c2
m0 a
c2 1 2 c2
3
2
3
2
, as required.
3-7
(3, 0) x
b. f(x) 5 (x 2 2)2, 0 # x # 2
f r(x) 5 2x 2 4
Let f r(x) 5 0 for max or min
2x 2 4 5 0
x52
f(0) 5 4
f(2) 5 0
max is 4 at x 5 0
min is 2 at x 5 2
6 4 2 0
2
4
6
(2, 0) x
2 4 6
c. f(x) 5 x 3 2 3x 2, 21 # x # 3
f r(x) 5 3x 2 2 6x
Let f r(x) 5 0 for max or min
3x 2 2 6x 5 0
3x(x 2 2) 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 2
f(21) 5 21 2 3
5 24
3-8
1 2 3
(2, 1)
y
6
(0, 4)
4
2
f(0) 5 0
f(2) 5 8 2 12
5 24
f(3) 5 27 2 27
50
min is 24 at x 5 21, 2
max is 0 at x 5 0, 3
y
4
y
x
2
8
16
24
f(22) 5 216 2 12 1 24 1 1
5 23
f(21) 5 8
f(0) 5 1
f(2) 5 not in region
max of 8 at x 5 21
min of 23 at x 5 22
8 y
4
4
x
2
5
1
f. f(x) 5 x3 2 x2 1 6x, xP30, 44
3
2
f r(x) 5 x2 2 5x 1 6
Let f r(x) 5 0 for max or min
x2 2 5x 1 6 5 0
(x 2 2)(x 2 3) 5 0
x 5 2 or x 5 3
f(0) 5 0
14
f(2) 5
3
9
f(3) 5
2
16
f(4) 5
3
16
max is 3 at x 5 4
min is 0 at x 5 0
6
4
2
2
x
2
4
x
4
f r(x) 5 1 2 2
x
x2 2 4
5
x2
4. a. f(x) 5 x 1
12x(x 2 3)(x 1 2) 5 0
x 5 0, x 5 3, x 5 22
Now, evaluate the function, f(x), at the critical
values and the endpoints.
f(23) 5 3(23)4 2 4(23)3 2 36(23)2 1 20 5 47
f(22) 5 3(22)4 2 4(22)3 2 36(22)2 1 20 5 244
f(0) 5 3(0)4 2 4(0)3 2 36(0)2 1 20 5 20
f(3) 5 3(3)4 2 4(3)3 2 36(3)2 1 20 5 2169
f(4) 5 3(4)4 2 4(4)3 2 36(4)2 1 20 5 244
So, the minimum value in the interval is 2169
when x 5 3 and the maximum value is 47 when
x 5 23.
4x
e. f(x) 5 2
, 22 # x # 4
x 11
4(x 2 1 1) 2 2x(4x)
f r(x) 5
(x 2 1 1)2
2
24x 1 4
5
x2 1 1
Let f r(x) 5 0 for max or min:
24x 2 1 4 5 0
x2 5 1
x 5 61
28
f(22) 5
5
24
f(21) 5
2
5 22
4
f(1) 5
2
52
16
f(4) 5
17
max value of 2 when x 5 1
min value of 22 when x 5 21
f. Note that part e. is the same function but restricted
to a different domain. So, from e. it is seen that the
critical points are x 5 1 and x 5 21.
Now, evaluate the function, f(x), at the critical values
and the endpoints. Note, however, that 21 and 1 are
not in the domain of the function. Therefore, the only
points that need to be checked are the endpoints.
4(2)
8
f(2) 5
5 5 1.6
2
(2) 1 1
5
4(4)
16
f(4) 5
5
8 0.94
2
(4) 1 1
17
So, the minimum value in the interval is 0.94 when
x 5 4 and the maximum value is 1.6 when x 5 2.
3-10
4t 2
,t$0
4 1 t3
Interval 1 # t # 4
4
v(1) 5
5
16
v(4) 5
17
(4 1 t 3 )(8t) 2 4t 2 (3t 2 )
vr(t) 5
50
(4 1 t 3 )2
32t 1 8t 4 2 12t 4 5 0
24t(t 3 2 8) 5 0
t 5 0, t 5 2
16
4
v(2) 5
5
12
3
max velocity is 43 m>s
5. a. v(t) 5
E(0) 5 0
E(80) 5 10
E(100) 5 9.756
The legal speed that maximizes fuel efficiency is
80 km> h.
1600v
b. E(v) 5 2
0 # v # 50
v 1 6400
1600(v 2 1 6400) 2 1600v(2v)
Er(v) 5
(v 2 1 6400)2
Let Er(N) 5 0 for max or min
1600v 2 1 6400 3 1600 2 3200v 2 5 0
1600v 2 5 6400 3 1600
v 5 680
E(0) 5 0
E(50) 5 9
The legal speed that maximizes fuel efficiency is
50 km> h.
c. The fuel efficiency will be increasing when
Er(v) . 0. This will show when the slopes of the
values of E(v) are positive, and hence increasing.
From part a. it is seen that there is one critical value
for v . 0. This is v 5 80.
v
slope of E(v)
0 # v , 80
80 , v # 100
slope of E(v)
0 # v , 80
80 , v # 100
C(1) 8 0.006 25
C(3) 5 0.0083, C(6) 8 0.0074
The min concentration is at t 5 1 and the max
concentration is at t 5 3.
1
9. P(t) 5 2t 1
,0#t#1
162t 1 1
Pr(t) 5 2 2 (162t 1 1)22 (162) 5 0
162
52
(162t 1 1)2
81 5 1622 1 t 2 1 324t 1 1
2 2
162 t 1 324t 2 80 5 0
812t 2 1 81t 2 20 5 0
(81t 1 5)(81t 2 4) 5 0
4
t5
t.0
81
5 0.05
P(0) 5 1
P(0.05) 5 0.21
P(1) 5 2.01
Pollution is at its lowest level in 0.05 years or
approximately 18 days.
1 4900
10. r(x) 5
a
1 xb
400 x
1 24900
a
1 1b 5 0
400
x2
Let rr(x) 5 0
x 2 5 4900,
x 5 70, x . 0
r(30) 5 0.4833
r(70) 5 0.35
r(120) 5 0.402
A speed of 70 km> h uses fuel at a rate of 0.35 L> km.
Cost of trip is 0.35 3 200 3 0.45 5 $31.50.
11. f(x) 5 0.001x 3 2 0.12x 2 1 3.6x 1 10,
0 # x # 75
f r(x) 5 0.003x 2 2 0.24x 1 3.6
Set 0 5 0.003x 2 2 0.24x 1 3.6
0.24 6 "(20.24)2 2 4(0.003)(3.6)
x5
2(0.003)
0.24 6 0.12
x5
0.006
x 5 60 or x 5 20
f(0) 5 10
f(20) 5 42
f(60) 5 10
f(75) 5 26.875
Absolute max. value 5 42 at (20, 42) and absolute
min. value 5 10 at (0, 10) and (60, 10).
rr(x) 5
3-11
12. a.
16
12
8
4
4 3 2 1 0
4
8
12
16
x
1
2 3 4
b. D: 22 # x # 4
c. increasing: 22 # x , 0
2,x#4
decreasing: 0 , x , 2
13. Absolute max.: Compare all local maxima and
values of f(a) and f(b) when domain of f(x) is
a # x # b. The one with highest value is the
absolute maximum.
Absolute min.: We need to consider all local minima
and the value of f(a) and f(b) when the domain of
f(x) is a # x # b. Compare them and the one with
the lowest value is the absolute minimum.
You need to check the endpoints because they are not
necessarily critical points.
14. C(x) 5 3000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2, 1 # x # 300
C(x)
Unit cost u(x) 5
x
3000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2
5
x
3000
5
1 9 1 0.05x
x
23000
Ur(x) 5
1 0.05
x2
For max or min, let Ur(x) 5 0:
0.05x 2 5 3000
x 2 5 60 000
x 8 244.9
U(1) 5 3009.05
U(244) 5 33.4950
U(245) 5 33.4948
U(300) 5 34.
Production level of 245 units will minimize the unit
cost to $33.49.
15. C(x) 5 6000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2
C(x)
U(x) 5
x
6000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2
5
x
3-12
6000
1 9 1 0.05x
x
6000
Ur(x) 5 2 2 1 0.05
x
Set Ur(x) 5 0 and solve for x.
6000
2 2 1 0.05 5 0
x
6000
0.05 5 2
x
0.05x 2 5 6000
x 2 5 120 000
x 8 346.41
However, 346.41 is not in the given domain of
1 # x # 300.
Therefore, the only points that need to be checked are
the endpoints.
f(1) 5 6009.05
f(300) 5 44
Therefore, a production level of 300 units will minimize the unit cost to $44.
5
12. a.
16
12
8
4
4 3 2 1 0
4
8
12
16
x
1
2 3 4
b. D: 22 # x # 4
c. increasing: 22 # x , 0
2,x#4
decreasing: 0 , x , 2
13. Absolute max.: Compare all local maxima and
values of f(a) and f(b) when domain of f(x) is
a # x # b. The one with highest value is the
absolute maximum.
Absolute min.: We need to consider all local minima
and the value of f(a) and f(b) when the domain of
f(x) is a # x # b. Compare them and the one with
the lowest value is the absolute minimum.
You need to check the endpoints because they are not
necessarily critical points.
14. C(x) 5 3000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2, 1 # x # 300
C(x)
Unit cost u(x) 5
x
3000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2
5
x
3000
5
1 9 1 0.05x
x
23000
Ur(x) 5
1 0.05
x2
For max or min, let Ur(x) 5 0:
0.05x 2 5 3000
x 2 5 60 000
x 8 244.9
U(1) 5 3009.05
U(244) 5 33.4950
U(245) 5 33.4948
U(300) 5 34.
Production level of 245 units will minimize the unit
cost to $33.49.
15. C(x) 5 6000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2
C(x)
U(x) 5
x
6000 1 9x 1 0.05x 2
5
x
3-12
6000
1 9 1 0.05x
x
6000
Ur(x) 5 2 2 1 0.05
x
Set Ur(x) 5 0 and solve for x.
6000
2 2 1 0.05 5 0
x
6000
0.05 5 2
x
0.05x 2 5 6000
x 2 5 120 000
x 8 346.41
However, 346.41 is not in the given domain of
1 # x # 300.
Therefore, the only points that need to be checked are
the endpoints.
f(1) 5 6009.05
f(300) 5 44
Therefore, a production level of 300 units will minimize the unit cost to $44.
5
5 75 2 210 1 90
5 245
c. a(t) 5 vr(t) 5 6t 2 42
a(4) 5 6(4) 2 42
5 24 2 42
5 218
3. a. v(t) 5 hr(t) 5 29.8t 1 6
The initial velocity occurs when time t 5 0.
v(0) 5 29.8(0) 1 6
56
So, the initial velocity is 6 m> s.
b. The ball reaches its maximum height when
v(t) 5 0. So set v(t) 5 0 and solve for t.
v(t) 5 0 5 29.8t 1 6
9.8t 5 6
t 8 0.61
Therefore, the ball reaches its maximum height at
time t 8 0.61 s.
c. The ball hits the ground when the height, h, is 0.
h(t) 5 0 5 24.9t 2 1 6t 1 2
26 6 "36 1 39.2
29.8
Taking the negative square root because the value t
needs to be positive,
26 2 8.67
t5
29.8
t 8 1.50
So, the ball hits the ground at time t 5 1.50 s.
d. The question asks for the velocity, v(t), when
t 5 1.50.
v(1.50) 5 29.8(1.50) 1 6
8 28.67
Therefore, when the ball hits the ground, the velocity
is 28.67 m> s.
e. The acceleration, a(t), is the derivative of the
velocity.
a(t) 5 vr(t) 5 29.8
This is a constant function. So, the acceleration of
the ball at any point in time is 29.8 m> s2.
4. a. v(t) 5 sr(t) 5 4 2 14t 1 6t 2
v(2) 5 4 2 14(2) 1 6(2)2
5 4 2 28 1 24
50
So, the velocity at time t 5 2 is 0 m> s.
a(t) 5 vr(t) 5 214 1 12t
a(2) 5 214 1 12(2)
5 10
So, the acceleration at time t 5 2 is 10 m> s.
t5
x 5 "3.
6. The question asks for the maximum temperature
of V.
V(t) 5 20.000 067t 3 1 0.008 504 3t 2
2 0.064 26t 1 999.87
Vr(t) 5 20.000 201t 2 1 0.017 008 6t 2 0.064 26
Set Vr(t) 5 0 to solve for the critical values.
20.000 201t 2 1 0.017 008 6t 2 0.064 26 5 0
t 2 2 84.619 900 5t 1 319.701 492 5 5 0
Using the quadratic formula,
t 8 3.96 and t 8 80.66.
However, 80.66 is not in the domain of the function.
Now, evaluate the function, V(t), at the critical
values and the endpoints.
V(0) 5 999.87
V(3.96) 8 999.74
V(30) 5 1003.79
So, the minimum value in the interval is 999.74
when temperature t 5 3.96.
3-14
5
8. s(t) 5 ta2 t 1 1b
6
5
5 2 t2 1 t
6
5
sr(t) 5 2 t 1 1
3
5
ss (t) 5 2
3
8 21.7 m> s2
7
9. s(t) 5 189t 2 t 3
7 4
a. sr(t) 5 189 2 t 3
3
7
4
sr(0) 5 189 2 (0)3
3
5 189 m> s
b. sr(t) 5 0
7 4
189 2 t 3 5 0
3
7 43
t 5 189
3
4
t 3 5 81
t5
221 6 "449.82
29.8
t 8 4.31 or t 8 20.021 (rejected since t $ 0)
Note that h(0) 5 0.45 . 0 because the football is
punted from that height. The function is only valid
after this point.
Domain: 0 # t # 4.31
b. h(t) 5 24.9t 2 1 21t 1 0.45
To determine the domain, find when hr(t) 5 0.
hr(t) 5 29.8t 1 21
Set hr(t) 5 0
0 5 29.8t 1 21
t 8 2.14
For 0 , t , 2.14, the height is increasing.
For 2.14 , t , 4.31, the height is decreasing.
The football will reach its maximum height at 2.14 s.
c. h(2.14) 5 24.9(2.14)2 1 21(2.14) 1 0.45
h(2.14) 8 222.44 1 44.94 1 0.45
h(2.14) 8 22.95
The football will reach a maximum height of 22.95 m.
t5
t 5 ( 814)
t 5 33
t 5 27 s
7
1.
W
5
8. s(t) 5 ta2 t 1 1b
6
5
5 2 t2 1 t
6
5
sr(t) 5 2 t 1 1
3
5
ss (t) 5 2
3
8 21.7 m> s2
7
9. s(t) 5 189t 2 t 3
7 4
a. sr(t) 5 189 2 t 3
3
7
4
sr(0) 5 189 2 (0)3
3
5 189 m> s
b. sr(t) 5 0
7 4
189 2 t 3 5 0
3
7 43
t 5 189
3
4
t 3 5 81
t5
221 6 "449.82
29.8
t 8 4.31 or t 8 20.021 (rejected since t $ 0)
Note that h(0) 5 0.45 . 0 because the football is
punted from that height. The function is only valid
after this point.
Domain: 0 # t # 4.31
b. h(t) 5 24.9t 2 1 21t 1 0.45
To determine the domain, find when hr(t) 5 0.
hr(t) 5 29.8t 1 21
Set hr(t) 5 0
0 5 29.8t 1 21
t 8 2.14
For 0 , t , 2.14, the height is increasing.
For 2.14 , t , 4.31, the height is decreasing.
The football will reach its maximum height at 2.14 s.
c. h(2.14) 5 24.9(2.14)2 1 21(2.14) 1 0.45
h(2.14) 8 222.44 1 44.94 1 0.45
h(2.14) 8 22.95
The football will reach a maximum height of 22.95 m.
t5
t 5 ( 814)
t 5 33
t 5 27 s
7
1.
W
When x 5 0, V 5 0
x 5 8.8, V 5 28 850 cm 2
x 5 20, V 5 0.
Therefore, the box has a height of 8.8 cm, a length
of 100 2 2 3 8.8 5 82.4 cm, and a width of
40 2 3 3 8.8 5 22.4 cm.
5.
220 x
x
x
40 2x 40
A(x) 5 x(220 2 x)
A(x) 5 220x 2 x 2
Ar(x) 5 220 2 2x
Set Ar(x) 5 0.
0 5 220 2 2x
x 5 110
220 2 110 5 110
Ar(220) 5 2220 , 0
Ar(0) 5 220 . 0
maximum: The dimensions that will maximize the
rectangles area are 110 cm by 110 cm.
6.
a
b
64
ab 5 64
P 5 2a 1 2b
64
b
a
128
P 5 2a 1
a
P 5 2a 1 128a 21
128
Pr 5 2 2 2
a
Set Pr 5 0
128
0522 2
a
128
25 2
a
a 2 5 64
a 5 8 (28 is inadmissible)
64
b5
8
b58
Pr(1) 5 2126 , 0
Pr(9) 8 1.65 . 0
maximum: The rectangle should have dimensions 8 m
by 8 m.
P 5 2a 1 2a
7.
y
x
Given:
4x 1 3y 5 1000
1000 2 4x
y5
3
A 5 2xy
1000 2 4x
A 5 2xa
b
3
8
2000
x 2 x2
A5
3
3
2000
16
Ar 5
2 x
3
3
Set Ar 5 0
16
2000
2 x
05
3
3
16
2000
x5
3
3
x 5 125
1000 2 4(125)
y5
3
y 8 166.67
2000
,0
Ar(250) 5 2
3
2000
Ar(0) 5
.0
3
maximum: The ranger should build the corrals with
the dimensions 125 m by 166.67 m to maximize the
enclosed area.
8. Netting refers to the area of the rectangular
prism. Minimize area while holding the volume
constant.
V 5 lwh
V 5 x 2y
144 5 x 2y
144
y5 2
x
ATotal 5 ASide 1 ATop 1 ASide 1 AEnd
A 5 xy 1 xy 1 xy 1 x 2
A 5 3xy 1 x 2
144
A 5 3xa 2 b 1 x 2
x
432
A5
1 x2
x
A 5 x 2 1 432x 21
Ar 5 2x 2 432x 22
Calculus and Vectors Solutions Manual
Set Ar 5 0
0 5 2x 2 432x 22
2x 5 432x 22
x 3 5 216
x56
144
y5 2
6
y54
Ar(4) 5 219 , 0
Ar(8) 5 9.25 . 0
minimum: The enclosure should have dimensions
4 m 3 6 m 3 6 m.
9.
h
x
x
5 2000 1 40"10
Minimum area is 600 cm2 when the base of the box
is 10 cm by 10 cm and height is 10 cm.
3-17
10.
L = 2x
10
y
x
10
10
dA
5 0.
dr
2000
50
r2
500
r3 5
p
r5
3-18
500
8 5.42
p
3
When r 5 0, A S `
r 5 5.42 A 8 660.8
r S `, A S `
The minimum surface area is approximately
661 cm3 when r 5 5.42.
1000
8 10.84
b. r 5 5.42, h 5
p(5.42)2
h
10.84
1
5
5
d
2 3 5.42
1
Yes, the can has dimensions that are larger than the
smallest that the market will accept.
12. a.
L
5 cm
W
(12 L)
12 cm
Step 2: If W 5 0, A 5 0
Step 3: If W 5 5, A 5 0
The largest possible area is 15 cm2 and occurs when
W 5 2.5 cm and L 5 6 cm.
b.
8 cm
L
W
(15 L)
15 cm
(120 2 15W)W
A5
for domain 0 # W # 8
8
Using the max min Algorithm,
dA
1
120
5 3120 2 30W 4 5 0, W 5
5 4 cm.
dW
8
30
(120 2 60) 3 4
5 30 cm 2.
When W 5 4 cm, A 5
8
Step 2: If W 5 0, A 5 0
Step 3: If W 5 8, A 5 0
The largest possible area is 30 cm2 and occurs when
W 5 4 cm and L 5 7.5 cm.
c. The largest area occurs when the length and width
are each equal to one-half of the sides adjacent to
the right angle.
13. a. Let the base be y cm, each side x cm and the
height h cm.
2x 1 y 5 60
y 5 60 2 2x
1
A 5 yh 1 2 3 (wh)
2
5 yh 1 wh
w
x
Divide by !3:
x
30 2 2x 1 5 0
2
x 5 20.
To find the largest area, substitute x 5 0, 20, and 30.
A(0) 5 0
"3
A(20) 5 30 !3(20) 2 !3(20)2 1
(20)2
4
5 520
"3
A(30) 5 30 !3(30) 2 !3(30)2 1
(30)2
4
8 390
The maximum area is 520 cm2 when the base is
20 cm and each side is 20 cm.
b. Multiply the cross-sectional area by the length of
the gutter, 500 cm. The maximum volume that can
be held by this gutter is approximately 500(520) or
260 000 cm3.
14. a.
A
x
B w C
B
h 30 x
120
y
C
h
From ^ ABC
h
5 cos 30
x
h 5 x cos 30
"3
x
5
2
w
5 sin 30
x
w 5 x sin 30
1
5 x
2
Therefore, A 5 (60 2 2x)a
x
4x 1 2h 5 6
2x 1 h 5 3 or h 5 3 2 2x
Area 5 xh 1
5 x(3 2 2x) 1
A(x) 5 3x 2 2x 2 1
"3
x
"3
xb 1 3
x
2
2
2
"3 2
x , 0 # x # 30
4
Apply the Algorithm for Extreme Values,
A(x) 5 30!3x 2 !3x 2 1
Ar(x) 5 30!3 2 2 !3x 1
"3
1
3x3
x
2
2
"3
x
2
"3 x 2
4
"3 2
x
4
"3
x, 0 # x # 1.5
2
For max or min, let Ar(x) 5 0, x 8 1.04.
A(0) 5 0, A(1.04) 8 1.43, A(1.5) 8 1.42
The maximum area is approximately 1.43 cm2 and
occurs when x 5 0.96 cm and h 5 1.09 cm.
b. Yes. All the wood would be used for the outer
frame.
Ar(x) 5 3 2 4x 1
3-19
15.
N
W
E
S
Vehicle 1
3-20
t , .04
.04
t . .04
d9(t)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
a +b
w
a2 b2 L
a2 b2
a2 2 b2 2 L
W
5
a2 2 b2
2ab
2ab
W5 2
(a 2 2 b 2 2 L)
a 2 b2
2ab
A 5 LW 5 2
3a 2L 2 b 2L 2 L 24
a 2 b2
dA
Let
5 a 2 2 b 2 2 2L 5 0,
dL
a2 2 b2
L5
2
a2 2 b2
2ab
2
2
and W 5 2
ca
2
b
2
2
d
a 2 b2
2
5 ab.
The hypothesis is proven.
18. Let the height be h and the radius r.
k
Then, pr 2h 5 k, h 5 2.
pr
Let M represent the amount of material,
M 5 2pr 2 1 2prh
k
5 2pr 2 1 2prha 2 b
pr
2k
5 2pr 2 1 , 0 # r # `
r
Using the max min Algorithm,
dM
2k
5 4pr 2 2
dr
r
1
dM
k
k 3
Let
5 0, r 3 5
, r 2 0 or r 5 a b .
dr
2p
2p
When r S 0, M S `
r S `, M S `
1
k 3
r5a b
2p
k 3
d 5 2a b
2p
2
h5
pa
k (2p)3
k3
2
5 ?
5
? 23
p
k 3
b
2p
20.
M 5 2pa
h
Ratio 5
d
19.
2p 3
k 3
b 1 2ka b .
2p
k
1
3
a b ? 23
k
p
k 3
2a b
2p
2
k 3
a b ? 23
p
100 2 x
k 3
2a b
p
2
3
1
1
y
2
10 (a, (a 3) )
8
6
4
(3, 3) 2
8 6 4 2 0
2
4
6
2 4 6 8
1002
8 796
4p
3-21
21.
8
6
4
2
D
4 2 0
2
4
6
8
y
A(a2, 2a)
2 4 6 8
B(b2, 2b)
5
P(x, y)
B
0
10
(k, 0)
x
k
k
2
, y 5 k2 2 a b 5 k2
!3
!3
3
2
When x 5 6
dy
Max area is A 5
5
2k
2
4k 3
3 k2 5
3
!3
3
3 !3
!3
!3
4k 3
square units.
9
21.
8
6
4
2
D
4 2 0
2
4
6
8
y
A(a2, 2a)
2 4 6 8
B(b2, 2b)
5
P(x, y)
B
0
10
(k, 0)
x
k
k
2
, y 5 k2 2 a b 5 k2
!3
!3
3
2
When x 5 6
dy
Max area is A 5
5
2k
2
4k 3
3 k2 5
3
!3
3
3 !3
!3
!3
4k 3
square units.
9
2. N(t) 5 20t 2 t 2
a. N(3) 5 60 2 9
5 51
N(2) 5 40 2 4
5 36
51 2 36 5 15 terms
b. Nr(t) 5 20 2 2t
Nr(2) 5 20 2 4
5 16 terms> h
c. t . 0, so the maximum rate (maximum value of
Nr(t)) is 20. 20 terms> h
6t
3. L(t) 5 2
t 1 2t 1 1
6(t 2 1 2t 1 1) 2 6t(2t 1 2)
a. Lr(t) 5
(t 2 1 2t 1 1)2
2
26t 1 6
5 2
(t 1 2t 1 1)2
Let Lr(t) 5 0, then 26t 2 1 6 5 0,
t2 5 1
t 2 5 61.
6
6
b. L(1) 5
5 5 1.5
11211
4
c.
4. C 5 4000 1
5.
x
y
Let Rr(x) 5 0:
200x 5 1000
x 5 5.
The new fare is $20 1 $0.5(5) 5 $22.50 and the
maximum revenue is $202 500.
v3
8. Cost C 2 a 1 216b 3 t
2
500
.
Where vt 5 500 or t 5
v
500
v3
C(v) 5 a 1 216b a
b
v
2
108 000
5 250v 2 1
, where v $ 0.
v
108 000
Cr(v) 5 500v 2
v2
108 000
Let Cr(v) 5 0, then 500v 5
v2
108 000
v3 5
500
v 3 5 216
v 5 6.
The most economical speed is 6 nautical miles> h.
9.
h
x
2h
Rr(0) 5 400 . 0
Rr(100) 5 2600 , 0
maximum: The price of the CD player should
be $50.
14. Let x be the number of price changes and R be
the revenue.
R 5 (75 2 5x)(14 000 1 800x), x # 7.5
Rr 5 800(75 2 5x) 1 (25)(14 000 1 800x)
Set Rr 5 0
0 5 60 000 2 4000x 2 70 000 2 4000x
10 000 5 28000x
x 5 21.25
Price 5 $75 2 $5(21.25)
Price 5 $81.25
Rr(22) 5 6000 . 0
Rr(2) 5 226 000 , 0
maximum: The price of a ticket should be $81.25.
15. P(x) 5 (2000 2 5x)(1000x)
2 (15 000 000 1 1 800 000x 1 75x 2 )
P(x) 5 2 000 000x 2 5000x 2 2 15 000 000
2 1 800 000x 2 75x 2
P(x) 5 25075x 2 1 200 000x 2 15 000 000
Pr(x) 5 210 150x 1 200 000
Set Pr(x) 5 0
0 5 210 150x 1 200 000
10 150x 5 200 000
x 8 19.704
Pr(0) 5 200 000 . 0
Pr(20) 5 23000 , 0
maximum: The computer manufacturer should sell
19 704 units to maximize profit.
16. P(x) 5 R(x) 2 C(x)
Marginal Revenue 5 Rr(x).
Marginal Cost 5 Cr(x).
Now Pr(x) 5 Rr(x) 2 Cr(x).
The critical point occurs when Pr(x) 5 0.
If Rr(x) 5 Cr(x), then Pr(x) 5 Rr(x) 2 Rr(x)
5 0.
Therefore, the instantaneous rate of change in profit
is 0 when the marginal revenue equals the marginal
cost.
17.
h
r
3-25
3-26
21755(19s 2 .1s 2 )
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
(431 775 2 1755s)(19 2 .2s)
2
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
(233 345s 1 175.5s 2 )
Cr 5
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
(8 203 725 2 119 700s 1 351s 2 )
2
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
2175.5s 2 1 86 355s 2 8 203 725
Cr 5
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
Let Cr 5 0:
2175.5s 2 1 86 355s 2 8 203 725
50
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
s 5 128.4
There is a critical number at s 5 128.4 km> h
Cr 5
s , 128.4
128.4
s . 128.4
C9(s)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
2r0
3
1. f(x) 5 x 4 2
3-26
21755(19s 2 .1s 2 )
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
(431 775 2 1755s)(19 2 .2s)
2
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
(233 345s 1 175.5s 2 )
Cr 5
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
(8 203 725 2 119 700s 1 351s 2 )
2
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
2175.5s 2 1 86 355s 2 8 203 725
Cr 5
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
Let Cr 5 0:
2175.5s 2 1 86 355s 2 8 203 725
50
(19s 2 .1s 2 )2
s 5 128.4
There is a critical number at s 5 128.4 km> h
Cr 5
s , 128.4
128.4
s . 128.4
C9(s)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
2r0
3
1. f(x) 5 x 4 2
2. y 5 x 9 2 7x 3 1 2
dy
5 9x 8 2 21x 2
dx
d 2y
5 72x 7 2 42x
dx 2
1
3. s(t) 5 t 2 1 2(2t 2 3)2
1
1
v 5 sr(t) 5 2t 1 (2t 2 3)2 2 (2)
2
1
5 2t 1 (2t 2 3)2 2
1
3
a 5 ss (t) 5 2 2 (2t 2 3)22 (2)
2
3
5 2 2 (2t 2 3)2 2
5
4. s(t) 5 t 2 7 1
t
5 t 2 7 1 5t 21
v(t) 5 1 2 5t 22
a(t) 5 10t 23
5. s(t) 5 45t 2 5t 2
v(t) 5 45 2 10t
For v(t) 5 0, t 5 4.5.
t
0 " t * 4.5
4.5
t + 4.5
v(t)
22
2 52
min
max
2 27
2 16
f (x) 5 12x 2 x3
23
29
22
216
16
max
265
min
18
x
f r(x) 5 2 2 18x 22
For max min, f r(x) 5 0:
18
52
x2
x2 5 9
x 5 63.
c. f(x) 5 2x 1
30
15
0
15
10
30
45
t (seconds)
6. a. f(x) 5 2x 3 2 9x 2
f r(x) 5 6x 2 2 18x
For max min, fr(x) 5 0:
6x(x 2 3) 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 3.
f (x) 5 2x 1
18
x
20
12
18
10 1
5 13.6
5
3-27
v (t) 5 2 1
2 min
1
!3
21
21
16t
(t 2 1 1)2
16
!3
( 13 1 1)2
521
16 !3
3
16
9
5 2 1 3!3 max
32
5 3.28
25
u (x) 5
625.01
625
1 0.01x
x
250
500
625
1 5 5 6.25
500
3-28
C(x) 5
C(x)
x
16 000
x
To find the minimum average cost, we solve
C r(x) 5 0
16 000
0.004 2
50
x2
4x 2 2 16 000 000 5 0
x 2 5 4 000 000
x 5 2000, x . 0
From the graph, it can be seen that x 5 2000 is a
minimum. Therefore, a production level of 2000
items minimizes the average cost.
12. a. s(t) 5 3t 2 2 10
v(t) 5 6t
v(3) 5 18
v(3) . 0, so the object is moving to the right.
s(3) 5 27 2 10 5 17. The object is to the right of
the starting point and moving to the right, so it is
moving away from its starting point.
b. s(t) 5 2t 3 1 4t 2 2 10
s(0) 5 210
Therefore, its starting position is at 210.
s(3) 5 227 1 36 2 10
5 21
v(t) 5 23t 2 1 8t
v(3) 5 227 1 24
5 23
Since s(3) and v(3) are both negative, the object
is moving away from the origin and towards its
starting position.
16
13. s 5 27t 3 1
1 10, t . 0
t
16
a. v 5 81t 2 2 2
t
16
81t 2 2 2 5 0
t
81t 4 5 16
16
t4 5
81
2
t56
3
t.0
2
Therefore, t 5 .
3
C(x) 5 0.004x 1 40 1
dv
32
5 162t 1 3
dt
t
2
32
2
At t 5 , a 5 162 3 1 2
3
3
3
5 216
Since a . 0, the particle is accelerating.
14. Let the base be x cm by x cm and the height h cm.
Therefore, x 2h 5 10 000.
A 5 x 2 1 4xh
10 000
But h 5
,
x2
10 000
A(x) 5 x 2 1 4xa
b
x2
400 000
5 x2 1
, for x $ 5
x
400 000
Ar(x) 5 2x 2
,
x2
400 000
Let Ar(x) 5 0, then 2x 5
x2
3
x 5 200 000
x 5 27.14.
Using the max min Algorithm,
A(5) 5 25 1 80 000 5 80 025
A(27.14) 8 15 475
The dimensions of a box of minimum area is
27.14 cm for the base and height 13.57 cm.
15. Let the length be x and the width y.
b. a 5
P 5 2x 1 6y and xy 5 12 000 or y 5
12 000
x
12 000
x
72 000
P(x) 5 2x 1
, 10 # x # 1200(5 3 240)
x
72 000
Ar(x) 5 2 2
x2
Let Ar(x) 5 0,
2x 2 5 72 000
x 2 5 36 000
x 8 190.
Using max min Algorithm,
A(10) 5 20 1 7200 5 7220 m 2
A(190) 8 759 m 2
A(1200) 5 1 440 060
P(x) 5 2x 1 6 3
3-29
402x
202x
1 km
8x
A
C
8
20 x
C
20 km
5 km
A
Then, RC 5 20 2 x and 4.
PC 5 "25 1 x 2
The cost:
C(x) 5 100 000"25 1 x 2 1 75 000(20 2 x),
0 # x # 20
1
1
Cr(x) 5 100 000 3 (25 1 x 2 )22 (2x) 2 75 000.
2
Let C r(x) 5 0,
100 000x
2 75 000 5 0
!25 1 x 2
4x 5 3 !25 1 x2
16x 2 5 9(25 1 x 2 )
7x 2 5 225
x 2 8 32
x 8 5.7.
Using max min Algorithm,
A(0) 5 100 000!25 1 75 000(20) 5 2 000 000
A(5.7) 5 100 000!25 1 5.72 1 75 000(20 2 5.7)
5 1 830 721.60
A(20) 5 2 061 552.81.
The minimum cost is $1 830 722 and occurs when
the pipeline meets the shore at a point C, 5.7 km
from point A, directly across from P.
22.
3 cm
2 cm
A 5 hw
81 5 (h 2 6)(w 2 4)
81
5w24
h26
81
145w
h26
81 1 4(h 2 6)
5w
h26
4h 1 57
5w
h26
Substitute for w in the area equation and differentiate:
3-31
4h 1 57
h26
4h 2 1 57h
A5
h26
(8h 1 57)(h 2 6) 2 (4h 2 1 57h)
Ar 5
(h 2 6)2
2
8h 1 9h 2 342 2 4h 2 2 57h
Ar 5
(h 2 6)2
2
4h 2 48h 2 342
Ar 5
(h 2 6)2
Let Ar 5 0:
4h 2 2 48h 2 342
50
(h 2 6)2
Therefore, 4h 2 2 48h 2 342 5 0
Using the quadratic formula, h 5 17.02 cm
A 5 (h)
t , 17.02
17.02
t . 17.02
A9(h)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
2240 000
1 284
y2
284y 2 2 240 000
Cr 5
y2
Let Cr 5 0:
284y 2 2 240 000
50
y2
Therefore 284y 2 2 240 000 5 0
284y 2 5 240 000
y 5 29.1 m
Cr 5
y , 29.1
29.1
y . 29.1
C9(y)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
Boat 1
y
x
= Brick
= Fence
1000
for y in the cost equation and differeny
3-32
Dock
t , .39
.39
t . .39
d9(t)
Graph
Dec.
Local Min
Inc.
3-33
Set f r (x) 5 0
0 5 3x 2 2 12
x2 5 4
x 5 22 or x 5 2
f(25) 5 (25)3 2 12(25) 1 2
f(25) 5 2125 1 60 1 2
f(25) 5 263
f(2) 5 (2)3 2 12(2) 1 2
f(2) 5 8 2 24 1 2
f(2) 5 214
f(22) 5 (22)3 2 12(22) 1 2
f(22) 5 28 1 24 1 2
f(22) 5 18
f(5) 5 (5)3 2 12(5) 1 2
f(5) 5 125 2 60 1 2
f(5) 5 67
Absolute Maximum: f(5) 5 67
Absolute Minimum: f(25) 5 263
d. f(x) 5 3x 5 2 5x 3, 22 # x # 4
f r (x) 5 15x 4 2 15x 2
Set f r (x) 5 0
0 5 15x 4 2 15x 2
0 5 15x 2 (x 2 2 1)
0 5 15x 2 (x 2 1)(x 1 1)
x 5 21 or x 5 0 or x 5 1
f(22) 5 3(22)5 2 5(22)3
f(22) 5 296 1 40
f(22) 5 256
f(0) 5 3(0)5 1 5(0)3
f(0) 5 0
Note: (0, 0) is not a maximum or a minimum
f(4) 5 3(4)5 2 5(4)3
f(4) 5 3072 2 320
f(4) 5 2752
f(21) 5 3(21)5 2 5(21)3
f(21) 5 23 1 5
f(21) 5 2
f(1) 5 3(1)5 2 5(1)3
f(1) 5 3 2 5
f(1) 5 22
Absolute Maximum: f(4) 5 2752
Absolute Minimum: f(22) 5 256
27. a. s(t) 5 20t 2 0.3t 3
sr (t) 5 20 2 0.9t 2
The car stops when sr (t) 5 0.
20 2 0.9t 2 5 0
0.9t 2 5 20
3-34
20
0.9
t 8 4.714
(24.714 is inadmissible)
s(4.714) 5 20(4.714) 2 0.3(4.714)3
8 62.9 m
b. From the solution to a., the stopping time is
about 4.7 s.
c. ss (t) 5 21.8t
ss (2) 5 21.8(2)
5 23.6 m> s2
The deceleration is 3.6 m> s2.
d
28. a. f r (x) 5 (5x 3 2 x)
dx
5 15x 2 2 1
d
(15x 2 2 1)
f s (x) 5
dx
5 30x
So f s (2) 5 30(2) 5 60
d
b. f r (x) 5 (22x 23 1 x 2 )
dx
5 6x 24 1 2x
d
(6x 24 1 2x)
f s (x) 5
dx
5 224x 25 1 2
So f s (21) 5 224(21)25 1 2 5 26
d
c. f r (x) 5 (4x 2 1)4
dx
5 4(4x 2 1)3 (4)
5 16(4x 2 1)3
d
(16(4x 2 1)3 )
f s (x) 5
dx
5 16(3)(4x 2 1)2 (4)
5 192(4x 2 1)2
So f s (0) 5 192(4(0) 2 1)2 5 192
d
2x
b
d. f r (x) 5 a
dx x 2 5
(x 2 5)(2) 2 (2x)(1)
5
(x 2 5)2
210
5
(x 2 5)2
d
210
f s (x) 5
b
a
dx (x 2 5)2
(x 2 5)2 (0) 2 (210)(2(x 2 5))
5
(x 2 5)4
t5
20
(x 2 5)3
5
20
So f s (1) 5
52
(1 2 5)3
16
1
e. f(x) can be rewritten as f(x) 5 (x 1 5)2. Then
5
f r(x) 5
1
d
(x 1 5) 2
dx
1
1
5 (x 1 5)22
2
d 1
1
f s (x) 5
a (x 1 5)22 b
dx 2
1
1
3
5 a b a2 b (x 1 5)22
2
2
1
3
5 2 (x 1 5)22
4
1
1
3
So f s (4) 5 2 (4 1 5)22 5 2
4
108
2
f. f(x) can be rewritten as f(x) 5 x 3. Then
f r(x) 5
d 23
x
dx
( )
2
1
5 a bx 23
3
d 2 213
f s (x) 5
aa bx b
dx 3
2
1
4
5 a b a2 bx 23
3
3
2
4
5 2 a bx 23
9
2
1
4
So f s (8) 5 2 a b (8)23 5 2
9
72
2t
29. a. s(t) 5
t13
(t 1 3)(2) 2 2t(1)
sr(t) 5
(t 1 3)2
2t 1 6 2 2t
5
(t 1 3)2
6
5
(t 1 3)2
(t 1 3)2 (0) 2 6(2(t 1 3) 1 1)
ss (t) 5
(t 1 3)4
26(2t 1 6)
5
(t 1 3)4
212(t 1 3)
5
(t 1 3)4
212
(t 1 3)3
2(3)
s(3) 5
313
6
5
6
51
6
sr(3) 5
(3 1 3)2
6
5
36
1
5
6
212
ss (3) 5
(3 1 3)3
212
5
216
1
52
18
At t 5 3, position is 1, velocity is 16, acceleration is
2 181 , and speed is 16.
5
b. s(t) 5 t 1
t12
(t 1 2)(0) 2 5(1)
sr(t) 5 1 1
(t 1 2)2
5
512
(t 1 2)2
(t 1 2)2 (0) 2 532(t 1 2)(1)4
ss (t) 5 0 2
(t 1 2)4
10(t 1 2)
5
(t 1 2)4
10
5
(t 1 2)3
5
s(1) 5 1 1
112
5
511
3
8
5
3
5
sr(1) 5 1 2
(1 1 2)2
5
512
9
4
5
9
5
3-35
10
(1 1 2)3
10
5
27
At t 5 3, position is 83, velocity is 49, acceleration is
10
4
27 , and speed is 9 .
ss (1) 5
v(5) 2 v(0)
d. Average acceleration 5
which is
520
undefined because v(0) is undefined.
2
4
e. a(5) 5 (52 1 5)23 (2(5)2 1 2(5) 6 1)
9
2
4
5 ( 3023) (59)
9
8 0.141
The acceleration at 5 s is approximately 0.141 m> s2.
b. f(x) 5 29x 5 2 4x 3 1 6x 2 12
f r(x) 5 245x 4 2 12x 2 1 6
f s (x) 5 2180x 3 2 24x
c. y 5 5x 23 1 10x 3
yr 5 215x 24 1 30x 2
ys 5 60x 25 1 60x
d. f(x) 5 (4x 2 8)3
f r(x) 5 3(4x 2 8)2 (4)
5 12(4x 2 8)2
f s (x) 5 24(4x 2 8)(4)
5 96(4x 2 8)
2. a. s(t) 5 23t 3 1 5t 2 2 6t
v(t) 5 29t 2 1 10t 2 6
v(3) 5 29(9) 1 30 2 6
5 257
a(t) 5 218t 1 10
a(3) 5 218(3) 1 10
5 244
b. s(t) 5 (2t 2 5)3
v(t) 5 3(2t 2 5)2 (2)
5 6(2t 2 5)2
v(2) 5 6(4 2 5)2
56
a(t) 5 12(2t 2 5)(2)
5 24(2t 2 5)
a(2) 5 24(4 2 5)
5 224
3. a. s(t) 5 t 2 2 3t 1 2
v(t) 5 2t 2 3
a(t) 5 2
b. 2t 2 3 5 0
t 5 1.5 s
s(1.5) 5 1.52 2 3
(1.5) 1 2 5 20.25
c. t2 2 3t 1 2 5 0
(t 2 1)(t 2 2) 5 0
t 5 1 or t 5 2
0 v(1) 0 5 0 21 0
5 1
0 v(2) 0 5 0 1 0
51
The speed is 1 m> s when the position is 0.
d. The object moves to the left when v(t) , 0.
2t 2 3 , 0
t , 1.5
The object moves to the left between t 5 0 s and
t 5 1.5 s.
10
(1 1 2)3
10
5
27
At t 5 3, position is 83, velocity is 49, acceleration is
10
4
27 , and speed is 9 .
ss (1) 5
v(5) 2 v(0)
d. Average acceleration 5
which is
520
undefined because v(0) is undefined.
2
4
e. a(5) 5 (52 1 5)23 (2(5)2 1 2(5) 6 1)
9
2
4
5 ( 3023) (59)
9
8 0.141
The acceleration at 5 s is approximately 0.141 m> s2.
b. f(x) 5 29x 5 2 4x 3 1 6x 2 12
f r(x) 5 245x 4 2 12x 2 1 6
f s (x) 5 2180x 3 2 24x
c. y 5 5x 23 1 10x 3
yr 5 215x 24 1 30x 2
ys 5 60x 25 1 60x
d. f(x) 5 (4x 2 8)3
f r(x) 5 3(4x 2 8)2 (4)
5 12(4x 2 8)2
f s (x) 5 24(4x 2 8)(4)
5 96(4x 2 8)
2. a. s(t) 5 23t 3 1 5t 2 2 6t
v(t) 5 29t 2 1 10t 2 6
v(3) 5 29(9) 1 30 2 6
5 257
a(t) 5 218t 1 10
a(3) 5 218(3) 1 10
5 244
b. s(t) 5 (2t 2 5)3
v(t) 5 3(2t 2 5)2 (2)
5 6(2t 2 5)2
v(2) 5 6(4 2 5)2
56
a(t) 5 12(2t 2 5)(2)
5 24(2t 2 5)
a(2) 5 24(4 2 5)
5 224
3. a. s(t) 5 t 2 2 3t 1 2
v(t) 5 2t 2 3
a(t) 5 2
b. 2t 2 3 5 0
t 5 1.5 s
s(1.5) 5 1.52 2 3
(1.5) 1 2 5 20.25
c. t2 2 3t 1 2 5 0
(t 2 1)(t 2 2) 5 0
t 5 1 or t 5 2
0 v(1) 0 5 0 21 0
5 1
0 v(2) 0 5 0 1 0
51
The speed is 1 m> s when the position is 0.
d. The object moves to the left when v(t) , 0.
2t 2 3 , 0
t , 1.5
The object moves to the left between t 5 0 s and
t 5 1.5 s.
e. v(5) 5 10 2 3 5 7 m>s
v(2) 5 4 2 3 5 1 m>s
721
average velocity 5
522
5 2 m>s2
3
4. a. f(x) 5 x 2 12x 1 2
f r(x) 5 3x 2 2 12x
2
3x 2 12x 5 0
3x(x 2 4) 5 0
x 5 0 or x 5 4
Test the endpoints and the values that make the
derivative 0.
f(25) 5 2125 1 60 1 2 5 263 min
f(0) 5 2
f(4) 5 64 2 48 1 2 5 18
f(5) 5 125 2 60 1 2 5 67 max
9
b. f(x) 5 x 1
x
5 x 1 9x 21
f r(x) 5 1 2 9x 22
1 2 9x 22 5 0
9
12 250
x
x2 2 9
50
x2
x2 2 9 5 0
x 5 63
x 5 23 is not in the given interval.
f(1) 5 1 1 9 5 10
max
f(3) 5 3 1 3 5 6
min
f(6) 5 6 1 1.5 5 7.5
5. a. h(t) 5 24.9t 2 1 21t 1 0.45
hr(t) 5 29.8t 1 21
Set hr(t) 5 0 and solve for t.
29.8t 1 21 5 0
9.8t 5 21
t 8 2.1 s
The graph has a max or min at t 5 2.1 s. Since the
equation represents a parabola, and the lead coefficient is negative, the value must be a maximum.
b. h(2.1) 5 24.9(2.1)2 1 21(2.1) 1 0.45
8 22.9
The maximum height is about 22.9 m.
6.
x
lim 1 A(x) 5 0
xS0
250
1000
A(x) 5 0
y
x
2x
y
Calculus and Vectors Solutions Manual
3-37
Let C r(x) 5 0:
21700
1 0.4x 5 0
x2
0.4x 3 5 1700
x 3 5 4250
x 8 16.2.
Using max min Algorithm,
C(0) S `
1700
C(16.2) 5
1 0.2(16.2)2 5 157.4.
16.2
Minimum when x 5 16.2, 2x 5 32.4 and y 5 19.0.
The required dimensions are 162 mm by 324 mm
by 190 mm.
3-38