1/2002

Replaces the brochure 10/96

PEIKKO HPKM and PPKM

COLUMN SHOES

www.peikko.com

CONTENTS
1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM ..................................................................3
2 DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS....................................................................4
3 MANUFACTURING ........................................................................................5
3.1 Manufacturing method............................................................................................5
3.2 Quality control..........................................................................................................6

4 CAPACITIES ....................................................................................................6
5 APPLICATION ................................................................................................6
5.1 Limitations for application ......................................................................................6
5.2 Design principles ....................................................................................................7
5.2.1 The concrete cover thickness ..........................................................................7
5.2.2 Column reinforcemen ......................................................................................7
5.2.3 Joining to foundations and column to column connections ..........................11
5.3 Special column shoes ..........................................................................................11
5.3.1 Shoes for circular columns ............................................................................11
5.3.2 Columns middle shoes PKKM ........................................................................12
5.3.3 Shoes on an integrated base plate ................................................................13
5.3.4 Columns of floor height ..................................................................................13

6 INSTALLATION..............................................................................................14
6.1 Installation tolerances ..........................................................................................14
6.2 Installation of the column shoes ..........................................................................14
6.3 Column installation................................................................................................15

7 DIMENSIONING ............................................................................................16

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM

Peikko HPKM and PPKM column shoes are fastening items which allow
moment stiff extensions and connections between prefabricated columns
and for example foundations.
All the forces on the column are transferred with column shoes and bolts to
the bearing structure, for example to the foundation.
A prefabricated column is fixed to anchor bolts which are cast into the base
of the structure. Fixing is achieved with nuts and washers attached to the
anchor bolts. It is also possible to set the column at the correct height level
and vertical position. The joint between column base and structure below
should be grout as soon as possible after installation. After that the connection parts and grouting will work as reinforced concrete structure.
The number of column shoes in the column depends on the dimensions of
the column, forces on the column, grade of concrete and type of column
shoe used. Usually four column shoes are enough to create a moment stiff
connection.

Figure 1

Column shoes and anchoring bolts in column connection

2. DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS

Figure 2

HPKM and PPKM column shoes

Table 1

Dimensions and weights of the HPKM column shoes

Column shoe
HPKM 16
HPKM 20
HPKM 24
HPKM 30
HPKM 39
Manufacturing
tolerances

Table 2

B
C
E
H
t

X
weight painting
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
[kg]
colour
85
75
740
15
27
2,1
yellow
95
80
945
20
30
3,3
blue
50
30
105
85
1040
30
35
6,0
grey
120
90
1310
45
40
12,1 green
140
110
60
1775
50
55
37
24,5 orange
+ 3
+ 2
+ 1
+ 10
+ 2
- 0
- 0
- 1
- 10
- 0

Dimensions and weights of the PPKM column shoes

Column shoe
PPKM 24
PPKM 30
PPKM 36
PPKM 39
PPKM 45
PPKM 52
Manufacturing
tolerances

Table 3

B
[mm]
105
120
130
150
+ 3
- 0

C
[mm]
85
90
105
115
123
131
+ 2
- 0

E
[mm]
50

60
+ 1
- 1

H
[mm]
1223
1488
1890
2020
2230
2560
+ 10
- 10

t
[mm]
25
35
40
50
60

[mm]
35
40
50
55
60
70
+ 2
- 0

weight
[kg]
10,5
16,5
38,0
46,0
62,0
95,0

Materials of the column shoes

Plates

Materials
Ribbed bars

S355JO,
S355J2G2 (> 15mm)
A500HW/BSt500S

SFS-EN 10025
SFS 1215

3. MANUFACTURING
3.1 Manufacturing method
Plates
Ribbed bars
Welding

Flame or mechanical cutting

Mechanical cutting
MAG by hand or with a robot, class C

3.2 Quality control

The quality control involved in producing the steel parts conforms to the requirements set by the Finnish Code of Building Regulations. Terspeikko Oy is
under the SFS-Certification for quality control. Column shoes have certified
product declarations confirmed by the Concrete Association of Finland.

4. CAPACITIES
The capacities in table 4 are according to the Finnish Code of Building
Regulations. If you require capacities according to other regulations,
please contact Terspeikkos technical support.
The capacities of the joints are related to the bolt used. The capacities of the
column shoes can be measured with a PeikCol dimensioning program.

Table 4
Column
shoe
HPKM 16
HPKM 20
HPKM 24
HPKM 30
HPKM 39
PPKM 24
PPKM 30
PPKM 36
PPKM 39
PPKM 45
PPKM 52

Capacities of the column shoes

Joining
bolt
HPM 16
HPM 20
HPM 24
HPM 30
HPM 39
PPM 22
PPM 27
PPM 36
PPM 39
PPM 45
PPM 52

(HPM
(HPM
(HPM
(HPM

24)
30)
39)
39)

Capacities [kN]
Concrete
Grade C40
65,4
94,2
147,0
233,7
406,6
191,3
289,2
469,2
569,3
752,0
921,0

5. APPLICATION
5.1 Limitations for application
The capacities of the column shoe have been calculated for statistic loads. In
the case of dynamic and fatigue loads, greater safety factors have to be used
individually for each case. If the application conditions are below 20 C, it is
necessary to consider using plates with better cold impact resistance.

5.2 Design principles

The joint durability during the erection
should be checked. It can be checked
with PeikCol dimensioning program.
The position of the column shoes and
the thickness of grouting concrete,
define the height level of the bolt from
the surface of the concrete.
For columns which are installed only
on bolts, the bolts should be calculated for the bending and buckling caused by wind load and dead load. If the
size of the bolt is not sufficient, bigger
column shoes and bolts must be
used.
The grouting of the joints is to be done
as soon as possible after erecting the
prefabricated columns.

Figure 3
The allowed wind loads
without supporting the column. The
wind load is calculated according to the
height level of the columns upper part.

5.2.1 The concrete cover thickness

The concrete cover thickness is 40-46 mm in HPKM column shoes and 45
mm in PPKM column shoes. A greater concrete cover thickness can be achieved by moving the column shoe closer to the center of the column. Location
of the foundation bolts have to be presented in the foundation drawing.
5.2.2 Column reinforcement
The space required by casting boxes have to be considered, when designing
the reinforcement of the column.
The lower end of the column above the casting boxes is reinforced as shown
in details 1-3. Three types of stirrups are used in the column: the columns
normal stirrups, splitting stirrups, and the stirrups of the transverse forces of
the shoe. EC 2 also requires a separate stirrups for the extension area of the
main bars.

10

5.2.3 Joining to foundations and column to column connections

Ash
Ash

B
Figure 4

Column joint of two different size columns

Table 5

The expansion of the (min) and splitting stirrups

Concrete
grade

Concrete
grade

(column)
C40
C50
C60
C60
C80

(found.)
C30
C40

The bolts of the

tension side yield
min [mm]
0,13
0,26
0,38
0,20
0,38

x
x
x
x
x

H
H
H
H
H

Cross section
compressed
min [mm]
0,24
0,43
0,61
0,33
0,61

x
x
x
x
x

H
H
H
H
H

Diametric
reinforcement (BSt500S)
Ash >A [mm2]
A
A
A
A
A

=
=
=
=
=

B
B
B
B
B

x
x
x
x
x

H
H
H
H
H

/
/
/
/
/

430
240
170
278
153

The concrete strength of the lower column, in the column to column connection
should be at least the same as the concrete strength of the upper column.
5.3 Special column shoes
Special column shoes might be needed for example in circular columns or on
the side of the column as middle shoes. Column shoes can also be made with
a common base plate.
5.3.1 Shoes for circular columns
Standard column shoes can be used in circular columns. When the standard shoe
is used, a separate casting box has to be made for each circular column size, or
alternatively some other filling, such as polystyrene or hard mineral wool. If necessary, the boxes can be made to extend to the edge of the circular column.
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Table 6

Standard shoes in the circular column

TYPE

A2
[mm]

dmin
[mm]

HPKM 16
HPKM 20
HPKM 24
HPKM 30
HPKM 39
PPKM 24
PPKM 30
PPKM 36
PPKM 39
PPKM 45
PPKM 52

137
144
162
187
235
193
217
243
249
320
387

285
300
335
380
480
400
450
480
480
630
770

If column shoes must be placed in the smaller column, please contact

Terspeikkos technical support.
The center distances of the anchor bolts for the full capacity are found from
Peikko PPM and HPM anchor bolts manual.
5.3.2 Columns middle shoes PKKM
Middle shoes are used in wall-like columns. Standard shoes are used in size
classes M16 - M39, where as M36 - M52 have their own middle shoe types.

Dimensions of PKKM column shoe

Middle shoe
PKKM 36
PKKM 45
PKKM 52

L
B
E

capacities
H
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
[kN]
1350 245 125
50
50
469,2
2200 250 135
60
752,0
60
2500 270 150
70
921,0

Table 7

Figure 5

12

PKKM column shoe

5.3.3 Shoes on an integrated base plate

An integrated base plate is used if the separate shoes are too large for the
columns cross section or the plate is used as an end mould. The shoes can be
made either to fit the whole cross section of the column or just a part of it, in
which case the shoes can be fixed together.
Table 8

Standard shoes in the rectangular column

TYPE

A1
[mm]

bmin
[mm]

HPKM 16
HPKM 20
HPKM 24
HPKM 30
HPKM 39
PPKM 24
PPKM 30
PPKM 36
PPKM 39
PPKM 45
PPKM 52

113
118
132
149
187
146
164
184
188
238
287

235
245
270
305
380
300
340
380
380
480
580

If column shoes must be placed in the smaller column, please contact

Terspeikkos technical support.
5.3.4 Columns of floor height
Using HPKM 16 - 39 column shoes with separate column height HPM bolts
is the most economical in columns of floor height. These bolts also have the
added benefit of giving the main reinforcement to the concrete structure.

Figure 6

Rectangular column and circular column with floor height

reinforcement

13

6. INSTALLATION
6.1 Installation tolerances
Tolerances on the horizontal plane

2 mm

6.2 Installation of the column shoes

The column shoes are placed into the reinforcement and fixed by their base plates to the
moulds end plate with bolts. The types HPKM
16 - 39 have separate casting boxes that
enable the shoes to be screwed to the end
plate of the mould. These parts are painted by
the same colour so that they can be matched
easily. The bolt M16, which always comes with
a spacer equal to the size of the column
shoes bolt hole, is used for attachment. With
the help of the spacer, the shoe can be fixed
to the correct place in the end plate.

Figure 7

separate casting box of the HPKM

column shoe

Table 9

Separate casting boxes and spacer related to them

Column shoe
HPKM 16
HPKM 20
HPKM 24
HPKM 30
HPKM 39

Bolt
M16 - 80

M16 - 120

Spacer
26 x 10
29 x 15
34 x 25
39 x 30
54 x 40

Box
PK 16
PK 20
PK 24
PK 30
PK 39

Colour
yellow
blue
grey
green
orange

A check list before casting

- The right shoe type being used
- column shoes are attached in the right position
- anchor bars of the column shoe are banded into the main reinforcement
- casting boxes are in place and filled if necessary
14

A check list after casting

- no changes has occurred in shoe position
- shoe has not rotated
- possible joint casting tubes are not filled with concrete
- casting boxes and excess cement has been removed
6.3 Column installation
The column is installed at the proper level either by placing it directly on the
bolts or by using steel plates under the column. After the bolts have been
tightened the crane can be detached from the column. The installation must
be done according to the erection plan.
Installation instructions can be found also in Peikko PPM and HPM anchor
bolts manual.

Table 10

Installation tolerances and the anchoring bolts height level from the
surface of concrete when HPKM and PPKM column shoes are used.
Bolt

Grouting

The
Installation
Bolt height
from casting tolerance
tolerance
for the joint for the bolt
surface
[mm]

[mm]
HPM 16
HPM 20
HPM 24
HPM 30
HPM 39
PPM 22
PPM 27
PPM 36
PPM 39
PPM 45
PPM 52

50
60
50
55
60
65
70

105
115
130
150
180
130
150
170
180
195
225

The casting boxes of the column shoes have been designed according to
DIN 7444.
When the column is erected at the proper height level and position, the joint
grouting is to be done according to the instructions provided by the grouting
mortar manufacturer. The grouting mortar should be of a non-shrink nature
and correspond to general specification.
15

The casting boxes and the joint can be also grouted through a tube in to a
casting mould. Casting through a tube is most suitable for a column of floor
height. In this case, the shoe should be located 10 mm inside the cross
section, which also secures the penetration of the grout to the casting
cases.
The grouting of the joints is to be done as soon as possible after erecting
the prefabricated columns.

Figure 8

Grouting through a tube

7. DIMENSIONING
National capacities for different column cross sections, concrete grades and
column shoes can be calculated with a PeikCol dimensioning program. You
can download a PeikCol dimensioning program from www.peikko.com for
free.
Together with the cross section diagram, you can determine the direction of
moment strain. The double-axial situation can also be checked with the
PeikCol dimensioning program. Forces caused by the column or the load
being off centre must be take into account.

16

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18

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Esa Print Oy, Lahti 2002 / 110387

TERSPEIKKO OY
BOX 104, Vipusenkatu 20,15101 Lahti, Finland
Tel. +358 (0)3 812 311, fax +358 (0)3 733 1134
www.peikko.com