Six Keywords of Park Geun-Hye Administration's Major Policies (English)

Six Key Words of
Park Geun-Hye
Administrations
Major Policies
02
Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye Administrations Major Policies
01
03
Three-year Economic Innovation Plan
1. Economy with Strong Fundamentals
Three-year Economic
Innovation Plan
Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye

Administrations Major Policies
The first strategy for the Three-year Economic Innovation Plan is achieving an economy with strong
fundamentals by correcting abnormal practices. The core priorities for building an economy with strong
fundamentals include reform of the public sector, establishing a principled economy and creating a
wider social safety net.
Though the world economy is slowly recovering stability after the 2008 global economic crisis through
global coordination, we continue to see low growth rate, high unemployment and unbalanced growth.
The Korean society is also facing unprecedented challenges such as low fertility and ageing population,
jobless growth and polarization. Against this backdrop, it is time to create a new development paradigm
public sector reform
wider social safety net
to renew and jump-start the Korean economy.

The Park Administration has introduced the Three-year Economic Innovation Plan (2014~2017) as the
most significant national agenda to innovate our economy and take it to the next level. The plan has
Economy
with
Strong
Fundamentals
three key goals: 1. an economy with strong fundamentals 2. an economy of dynamic innovation 3. an
economy with a balance between domestic demand and exports.
We have identified 59 detailed tasks to realize the Three-year Economic Innovation Plan and are continuously monitoring and managing the progress. (Table 1)
A smooth implementation of the Three-year Economic Innovation Plan will boost the countrys potential
growth rate to the four-percent range, per capital income to US$40,000 and employment rate to 70 percent with a larger number of jobs for young people and women.
principled market economy
Key economic indicators

GDP(trillion won)
Classification
Population
*Source:
Bank of Korea
per capita GDP

(10,000 won)
Trade
volume
(100 million
US$)
Government
budget
(trillion won)
*Source: Korea
Customs
Service
*Source
Ministry of
Strategy and
Finance
Employment
rate(%)
Public Sector Reform
Foreign
exchange
reserves
*Source :
Ministry of
Employment
and Labor
(100 millionUS$)
*Source: Bank of
Korea
2011
49,779,440
1,332.7
2,677.2
10,796
209.1
63.8
3.064.0
2012
50,004,441
1,377.5
2,754.7
10,675
325.4
64.2
3.269.7
2013
50,219,669
1,428.3
2,844.1
10,752
342.0
64.4
3.464.6
Public sector reform is the first core task in building an economy with strong fundamentals. It involves
changing the fundamentals of our economy with a thorough overhaul and intensive reform of the public
sector where abnormal practices and low productivity have become entrenched over the years. The
source of such abnormal practices lies in lax management and high debt ratios. To address the problem
of lax management, all information about public institutions will be disclosed except for confidential
The Wall Street Journal carried on February 28, 2014 an editorial titled South Koreas growth model
management information. Together with such efforts as business restructuring and sales of assets, the
as follows : President Park Geun-Hye proposed a comprehensive plan for innovation that can be an
Government will adopt a new system to control the total amount of public and corporate bonds. We will
example not just in Asia but also in other parts of the world.
04
05
also expand the application of a separate accounting system that distinguishes the accounts for govern-
hind multiple layers of regulations and towering barriers deterring the entry of potential competitors
ment policy projects from those for public institutions projects so that the debt ratio of public institu-
into the market. Also, outdated systems and practices in the labor market is being updated. Since the
tions can be drastically lowered to 200 percent by 2017. In addition, a mechanism for competition will be
inauguration of the Park Administration in February 2013, more bills than ever have been enacted to
introduced in a bid to boost the productivity of public institutions. Some areas like railroad operations
bolster the rights of the economically vulnerable, including subcontractors and franchise store owners,
that serve the public good, but also need to be exposed to competition will be made to compete with
laying the institutional foundation for fair trade. In order to raise productivity in industrial relations, the
each other through corporate spin-offs or the creation of subsidiaries. Meanwhile, public service sec-
Government is changing confrontational labor-management relations to a relationship of compromise
tors, including public rental apartments, will open their doors wider to businesses in the private sector
and dialogue, and boosting the linkage between wage and productivity in order to ease unreasonable
to encourage their active participation.
income disparities between regular and non-regular workers. The Government is also making it more
difficult to dismiss non-regular employees to narrow the gap in employment protection between regular
and non-regular workers. We are also putting our heads together with an open mind to resolve issues
Public enterprises debt to GDP ratio for OECD members
such as normal wages, reduction in work hours and the extension of retirement age, which are some of
29.9%
27.0%
France
Korea
25.3%
14.2%
13.7%
12.9%
Sweden
Canada
New Zealand
Portugal
Finland
Australia
Japan
Mexico
Stronger Social Safety Net
9.7%
9.0%
The third core task for making economic fundamentals stronger is to widen the social safety net. This
8.1%
5.4%
balanced in the face of diverse shocks. Until now, shortcomings in the social safety net including blind
2.0%
UK
the pending issues in the labor market affecting both labor and management.
exc. local and financial public enterprises (Source: Korea Institute of Public Finance)
is one of the most important cornerstones to ensure that the Korean economy remains resilient and
spots in social security and one-size-fits-all basic living standards have given rise to social anxieties,
which in turn weakened the impetus for economic innovation. More than half of employed people are
currently not covered by employment insurance, and this abnormal situation calls for urgent rectification. Eligibility for employment insurance will be gradually expanded to include self-employed business
owners, artists and day workers as well as workers who do not fit into any category. Unemployment
benefits is also being revamped so that people can understand that having a job is better than depend-
Principled Market Economy
ing on government benefits. Heemangkium Tongjang (Growing Hope Bank Account) makes it possible
for those who earn little to add to their wealth with the financial assistance from the Government that is
provided in proportion to the amount of personal savings; its beneficiaries will be expanded to include
the marginally poor. The earned income tax credit (EITC) will also be increased.
The second core task for strengthening our economic fundamentals is to establish a principled market
economy. The Park Administration is doing its best to rectify unfair trade practices between large and
small companies that distort the economic structure and discourage creative innovation in the private
sector. The Government is also working hard to eliminate the attitude of settling for the status quo be-
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2. Dynamic and Innovative Economy
further into global businesses, the Government is providing increased assistance and taking measures
4.4
4.2
3.5
3.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.1
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To help venture companies and new startups grow into SMEs and strong medium-sized enterprises and
0.0
Ro
Private Creative Economy Committee, which is driving the creative economy led by private companies.
0.9
1.0
In 2014, venture companies, SMEs, large conglomerates and the Government have launched Public-
0.8
a mentors support, and helps companies reinforce competitiveness.
2.0
0.5
0.7
ative Economic Town offline. This system allows any Korean with creative ideas to start a business with
1.9
2.0
creative economic innovation centers in 17 metropolises and provinces in order to bring the online Cre-
3.3
3.0
3.1
a truly creative economy, and introduced the online Creative Economic Town. In 2014, we are building
4.0
3.0
tion plan, reinforced an ecosystem conducive to starting venture businesses to turn our economy into
2.9
economy by building a creative economy. In 2013, the Government established a creative economy ac-
5.0
2.8
The second strategy for the Thrid-year Economic Innovation Plan is to realize a dynamic and innovative
Investment in science and technology (R&D investment relative to the economy in 2012) (In %)
2.8
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2.8
to deregulate the whole process encompassing the establishment, growth, pulling out of investment and
Source : OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2013-2
taking on challenges again after failure. A technology bank was established to help people use tech-
Note : R&D investment to economy, based on the total R&D investment divided by GDP
nologies that are owned by conglomerates but not in active use to start new businesses, and we freed
exemplary founders from joint and several liability as loan cosigners. The Government will additionally
secure up to 760 billion won of angel investment fund and youth employment fund, while creating a
3. Economy with a Balance between Domestic Demand and Exports
Korean type Yozma Fund worth 200 billion won that will invest in domestic startups in cooperation with
global venture investment companies. On top of this, the Government will inject a budget of 4 trillion
won over the next three years to create an ecosystem conducive to starting venture businesses. Korea
The third strategy for economic innovation is to strike a balance between domestic demand and exports
has strength in science and technology, ICT and cultural content, which can be dubbed as the vitamins of
by boosting domestic demand. The Park Administration shifted its growth paradigm from the existing ex-
a creative economy. If these are successfully grafted onto manufacturing and other industries, it would
port-oriented economic policy to double-ended growth policy where both exports and domestic demand
result in innovation in the manufacturing industry and help create new convergence industries involving
drive growth at the same time. For the steady and continued growth of our economy, it is necessary to
the Internet of Everything (IoE), Cloud Computing and Big Data. To this end, the Government plans to
realize the balanced growth of domestic demand and exports, the manufacturing and service industries,
increase the number of creative economy vitamin projects to 120 over the coming three years.
conglomerates and SMEs, and the capital and local areas. The benefits of such growth have to go to all
In order to realize a dynamic, innovative economy, the Park Administration will also push ahead with
equitably. The goal of a balanced economy will
core task of making investments in preparation for the future on top of the creative economy initia-
be pursued with focus on the implementation of
tive. To strengthen science and technology capabilities, which serve as the foundation for a creative
the three following tasks: expansion of the base
economy, and make proactive investment in the future, the Government will increase R&D investments
of domestic demand, expansion of investment
to reach five-percent of the GDP by 2017. The Government is also helping universities greatly boost their
opportunities and improvement in employment
research capabilities by newly instituting the Korea Research Fellowship program, through which our
rates for young people and women.
country can bring in 300 of the top one percent of scientists in the world and encourage young, promising global researchers to make contributions to domestic growth.
President in Meeting for Promoting Trade and Investment

(Mar. 12, 2014)
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Facilitate Domestic Consumption
09
Boost Investment
To expand the base of domestic demand, first and foremost, the Park Administration is addressing the
It has become clear that the existing paradigm of exports led by manufacturing industry is insufficient
issues of household debt and soaring key-money deposits, which weigh heavily on the shoulders of
for creating jobs or revitalizing domestic demand. The Park Administration is aggressively supporting
many Koreans.
SMEs so that they can increase investment and contribute to boosting the economy. To facilitate growth
In order to address the problem of household debt without fail, the Government is carrying out continued
of SMEs and medium-sized enterprises, the Government is addressing their management-related
reforms so that mortgage loans can be repaid as they are in advanced nations under a plan character-
problems at each growth stage and providing tailored support for each company such as capital and tax
ized by fixed rate of interest, long-term installment payments and amortized payment of principal and
benefits in order to bolster their competitiveness. The Government is also expanding tailored financial
interest. To this end, the provision of tax breaks and long-term mortgage loans are being expanded. In
support for construction and plant businesses in order to support their advancement into overseas
order to alleviate the debt burden on low-income families, we are raising the ceiling and easing eligibil-
construction and plant markets, which are growing seven to eight percent annually. To this end, the
ity conditions for loans targeting low-income families such as Bakkweodeurim Loan (refinancing loan)
Government introduced a financial assistance program with funds worth US$10 billion and plan to
for small-time, self-employed people. Through these moves, the Government aims to lower the ratio
expand the support for export companies by additionally raising 2.3 trillion won with the capital of export
of household debt to disposable income by five percentage points from the 2014 level by 2017, thereby
financing institutions and contributions by 2017.
achieving a substantive cut in household debt for the first time. The rising key money, the main culprit
Furthermore, the Government is fostering strong SMEs into new export leaders in order to further
behind soaring household debt and contractions in consumption, will also be addressed by promoting
enhance our export competitiveness which has so far relied on large conglomerates. The potential
home sales and purchases. To this end, we will ease resale restrictions on privately built apartments
for such possibility has already been proven in 2013. The export growth rate of SMEs and medium-
on private residential land. On top of this, the Government will adopt subscription merit scheme and
sized companies has outpaced that of conglomerates and their export products are diversifying, which
subscription qualifications for privately built houses to improve the housing subscription system and
represent a qualitative improvement in export of smaller businesses. In order to support the overseas
thus lower the barrier for purchasing newly built houses. In 2013, a number of real estate laws passed
venture of SMEs, the Government is providing them with tailored overseas market information owned
such as abolishment of heavy transfer tax on multi-homeowners, permanent cut to acquisition tax, and
permission of vertical extension, which is bringing about gradual revitalization of housing transactions
in 2014. In consideration of the current housing market, the Government plans to strengthen support
for house financing such as support for first-time home buyers, Didimdol (steppingstone) Loan for nonhomeowners, profit-sharing mortgage at 1%-range interest rates and Housing Choice Voucher Program. At the same time, the Government is diversifying suppliers of public rental housings by attracting
private investment such as public rental housing REITs (Real Estate Investment Trust), and supplying
diverse forms of pleasant public rental housings. The Government is expanding the supply of long-term
private rental units by rationalizing the taxation on lease income, and taking necessary measures to
change trends in the rental housing market in line with the rising monthly lease payment. We turned tax
deduction for monthly rent into tax credit, and expanded its beneficiaries to include middle-class renters, thereby significantly reducing their burden of paying monthly rent.
President visiting Incheon Namdong Industrial Complex, Aug. 16, 2013
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by domestic export institutions in real time and offering a consulting service throughout the entire
export procedure. We are also supporting joint overseas ventures of large conglomerates and their
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Increase Female and Youth Employment
SME suppliers as well as SMEs ventures into unchartered new markets by harnessing information
or networks of large conglomerates. Ultimately, the Park Administration is focused on a creative
convergence of large conglomerates rich resources and experiences with SME or startups ideas in
order to create a corporate ecosystem of shared growth.
In order to draw on the dynamism in our economy, it is important to advance into other parts of the world
and continuously pioneer new markets. Despite the Korean economys high dependence on exports,
only around 86,000 (2.7%) of 323 million SMEs and medium-sized companies are shipping their goods
overseas, which account for a third of the total export volume. We can unleash the endless potential of
Koreas exports if we transform SMEs that are focused on domestic demand into key exporters. The
future of Korean trade hinges upon such small but strong SMEs and medium-sized enterprises. The
Park Administration is aggressively supporting companies with product competitiveness that have so
far only focused on the domestic market enter overseas markets.
The Park Administration is also breaking away from the existing trade structure focused on manufac
-turing industry and discovering new export industries such as service, convergence system, intermediary
and processing trade. There is a great potential for export in Korean Wave cultural content such as
movies, music, dramas as well as service industries such as fashion and design. Korean Wave content
is well received by audiences around the world, which attests to the competitiveness of Koreas content
as an export industry. We are reinforcing export financing and on-site marketing in a bid to upgrade such
competitiveness. Convergence systems that combine service and IT such as e-government, intelligent
transportation system, plant operation/repair and digital hospitals are also emerging as the new blue
ocean of Koreas trade. When we bring together our geographical advantage as the center of North East
Asia, the institutional foundation of FTA, and global production network, we can establish ourselves as
the powerhouse in intermediary and processing trade.
The Park Administration is also helping Internet-based convergence industry take a giant leap forward
by making timely investments in further advancing the network infrastructure, including Giga Internet-a
100-times faster Internet service-and fifth-generation mobile communication. We are also making
proactive preparations to deal with global issues related to the climate, environment and energy in
order to generate new industries and new jobs. To this end, we will expand investments in technological
developments such as clean thermal power generation, environment-friendly automobiles and carbon
capture and storage to support the innovation efforts in the private sector. A pilot project to build an
environment-friendly energy town, which houses unwanted facilities such as incineration plants and
landfill sites is up and running in 2014, and the project will be gradually expanded.
In stimulating domestic demand, another key task is job creation. The Park Administration is working
hard to improve employment rates for young people and women. To this end, we are fostering five
promising service sectors that are popular among young people including healthcare/medicine,
education, tourism, finance and content. The Government will address the factors limiting youth
employment at every stage and create 500,000 new jobs for young people. To this end, we will build
a society where skills are valued above academic background. In 2014, we are developing National
Competency Standards (NCS) for all of approximately 800 occupations and carrying out a phased
expansion of the performance assessment systems now being implemented at several organizations.
If it becomes possible to find a job with just a high school diploma and continue your studies at a school
of your choice even after you are hired, the youth employment problem will improve dramatically. We
are therefore increasing incentives for companies and schools that participate in programs that alter
-nate work and study and establishing a culture of employment first, college later. We are encouraging
the conversion of a number of community colleges into lifelong vocational education and training
institutions so that high school graduates who have opted to find work first will be able to continue their
studies later on. We are also expanding the separate college admissions track for currently employed
applicants and increasing the availability of contract training programs. In addition, we are adapting
educational programs to meet the needs of industries and strengthening tax benefits for businesses
that participate in the vocational education programs at specialized and Meister high schools. We are
building a system of dialogue between schools and businesses in each industry, starting with a pilot
project and then gradually expanding the scope. Also, in order to address job mismatch among young
people, we are increasing the service sector jobs favored by young people and promoting changes to
make the working environment of industrial complexes more youth-friendly. For high school graduates
working in small to medium-sized enterprises, we are also encouraging more young people to work
at SMEs by introducing a Growing Hope Bank Account program for high school graduates working at
SMEs, which is similar to employee asset-building programs of the past.
Another central issue for sustainable growth of the economy is participation of women in the workforce.
If we can solve even just the problem of career break for women, our economy will be able to gain ten
percent more female workers. Therefore, in order to ensure that capable female workers do not suffer
career interruptions due to childbirth or child-rearing, the Government is addressing the key issues
hindering employment for women in each stage of life to create 1.5 million new jobs for women. To this
end, we are expanding flexible daycare programs countrywide beginning in 2015. We are establishing
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Remarks by
Leading Figures
Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg, The fact that a female president was elected in Korea in
itself is very encouraging. The presence of President Park is a great boost to Korea in that it can
change perceptions about female leaders.
- Jul. 4, 2013, Yonhap News
President visiting specialized high school, Apr. 14, 2014
<Table 1> Detailed Tasks for Three-year Economic Innovation Plan (59 tasks)
a daycare and childcare support system with services tailored for different working arrangements and
Strategies
expanding employment insurance so that irregular workers and those in smaller workplaces can take
parental leave more easily. In order to encourage greater use of parental leave and of initiatives to
reduce working hours during the childcare period, we are expanding the substitution pool for alternate
personnel and providing incentives to the participating employers. In order to increase the number of
Tasks
Public sector reform
(8 tasks)
Economy
with strong
fundamentals
(15 tasks)
jobs ideal for women, it is urgent that we renew efforts to expand part-time jobs with flexible working
hours. The Government is working on policies to give full-time workers the right to opt for part-time
time when they return to work. In addition, in order to allow part-time workers to switch more easily
to full-time working arrangements if desired, we are considering expanding opportunities for them to
receive priority consideration when applying for newly available full-time positions.
President attending Women Entrepreneurs Day ceremony, Jul. 10, 2013
Economy
of dynamic
innovation
(25 tasks)
Economy with
a balance
between
domestic
demand and
exports
(18 tasks)
Reform public institutions by putting an end to irregularities

Reform subsidies and public sector pensions
Principled market
economy
(6 tasks)
Put an end to unfair practices between conglomerates and SMEs,

protect tenant rights to premiums, reform job market, strengthen
personal information protection
Stronger safety net

(1 task)
Strengthen social safety net in order to support those left behind

in the process of economic reform
Creative economy
(11 tasks)
Establish and expand creative economy innovation centers

Help SMEs and medium-sized enterprises enhance competitiveness, resolve management difficulties when startups grow into
SMEs, resolve management difficulties when SMEs grow into
medium-sized enterprises
Promote M&As
Foster new industries such as industry convergence
Investment in the
future
(7 tasks)
Increase investment in R&D, attract talent from overseas

Implement green house gas emissions trading scheme, secure
energy supply, build an environment-friendly energy town
Overseas market
development
(7 tasks)
Maximize the strategic use of FTAs

Help Korean SMEs become globally competitive hidden champions,
create online overseas markets, add high added values to overseas
construction/plant exports
Facilitate domestic
consumption
(4 tasks)
Restructure household debt, normalize housing transactions and

stabilize rental housing market, ease the burden of high private
educational costs
Boost investment
(11 tasks)
Establish regulatory reform system

Promote promising service industries, such as healthcare, education, tourism, finance, software and content industries
Stimulate regional economies
working arrangements if working hours need to be reduced for reasons of childcare, pregnancy or other
caretaking responsibilities as well as policies to guarantee a return to full-time arrangements at a later
Details
Increase female and

youth employment
(3 tasks)
Preparation for
unification (1 task)
Facilitate employment of young people and women

Prepare for unification
Six Key Words of

Park Geun-Hye
Administrations
Major Policies
02
02
03
Creative Economy
low growth
income imbalance
high unemployment
Creative Economy
1. Concept of Creative Economy
One Stone Three Birds effect

Creative economy is like a stone that can catch three birds at once, namely
low growth, high unemployment and income imbalance
Capitalism is facing new challenges in the wake of the global economic crisis. Now, achieving a
sustainable and inclusive growth calls for a complete transformation of the paradigm rather than partial
2. Two Characteristics of Creative Economy
complementation of the existing paradigm such as macroeconomic policies and labor market policies.
There is a dire need for the momentum to overcome the current limitations, change the existing order
and reshape the world, and the Park Administration looks to a creative economy for such momentum.
This is a time when a single persons outstanding idea, creativity and new technologies can shape the
entire world and contribute to national development. In this new era, it is the creative divide that will
determine the wealth and happiness of a country and individual, following the material divide after the
Industrial Revolution and the more recent digital divide.
President Park believes that building a creative economy will help us catch three birds with one stone as
the Korean saying goes, as it will address all three problems faced by the global economy at the same
time, namely low growth, high unemployment and income imbalance. In the face of challenges such as
protracted global economic crisis and limited growth of the Korean economy, the Park Administration
is focused on building a creative economy in order to overcome the setbacks and take a leap forward
into the future. Korea stands at a critical crossroads. The past economic strategy of being a fast follower
of other advanced nations has run into structural limitations of jobless growth and aggravating social
disparity. Due to the low growth trend and rising uncertainties of the global economy, the Korean
economy is also experiencing the structural problems of low growth and youth unemployment.
This is why the Korean government is pursing a vision of creative economy as a strategy to jump-
President at World Economic Forum, Jan. 22, 2014
start the economy through innovation. It is time for us to fundamentally change our economic growth
paradigm and renew ourselves into a leading economy. The aim of building a creative economy is to
reinforce national competitiveness by developing new growth engines, and to improve peoples lives
Creative economy has two major characteristics that distinguishes it from the existing economy.
by generating more quality jobs. It can be a new model for todays disoriented capitalism and act as an
Firstly, while the existing economy sought economic development by tapping into mineral resources
exemplary solution for uncertainties in the future of the global economy.
underground, creative economy peaks economic development by tapping into creativity of individuals.
04
Unlike minerals, creativity is a resource that never runs out, has no adverse side effects such as
environmental pollution, and is not subject to the law of diminishing returns. Therefore, creative
05
Creative Economy
3. Foundation of Creative Economy
economy can open up a path to sustainable growth.

Secondly, unlike capital or mineral resources, creativity is universally inherent in all economic actors
and thus can serve as the source for overcoming unbalanced growth. In other words, creativity offers
the possibility of inclusive growth as it is inherent in every human being regardless of generation, social
ICT Industry based on Convergence of Science &

Technology and Broadcasting Communications
class, ethnicity or nationality. Until now, poverty eradication efforts in developing countries or support
for the vulnerable class in advanced countries focused on expanding SOC or social safety net. However,
by re-shifting our focus to helping the poor people achieve independence by nurturing their creativity,
Against the backdrop of the changing global economic paradigm, creative economy enables the
we can open a new horizon of inclusive growth.
convergence between science & technology with industry, and between culture and industry. Flowers
of creativity can bloom where the boundaries between the industries are torn down. It goes beyond
simply expanding the existing market; it is about creating new markets and new jobs on the foundation
of convergence. At the core of such creative economy lies science & technology and IT industry. In the
21st century, science and technology is playing a critical role in drastically changing and improving
the quality of each countrys civilization and peoples lives. The Park Administration is fostering ICT
industries as the national growth engine based on convergence between science & technology and
broadcasting communications.
Creative economy is about creating new industries, markets and jobs that did not exist before by
combining individual imagination and creativity of Koreans with science & technology and ICT. Korea is
home to excellent human capital as well as world-class science & technology and ICT competitiveness.
The key pillar in our vision of creative economy is science & technology and ICT. For instance, Korea
achieved the one millionth patent registration in a faster span of time than any other country in the
world, propelling itself into an intellectual property powerhouse with the worlds 4th largest number of
patent applications.
Creative
Economy
Sustainable
Growth
Inclusive
Growth
06
Country
Total
score
Ranking
in R&D
investment
Ranking in
manufacturing
capability
Ranking in
productivity
Ranking
in hightech
intensity
Korea
92.10
33
Sweden
90.80
22
US
90.69
10
24
10
Japan
90.41
Germany
88.23
Denmark
86.97
Singapore
Creative Economy
Global Innovation Index 2014 by Bloomberg, US :

Korea and Sweden are leading the world in innovation.
Ranking
07
Ranking
Ranking in
in tertiary
researcher
education
concentration
efficiency
Creative Economy Based on Individual Creativity
Ranking
in patent
activities
We are living in an era of knowledge-based economy where creativity becomes capital and ideas become
assets. For Korea to take a new leap forward in line with such changes, a new economic growth paradigm
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26
is required. The Park Administration looks to creative economy for an answer. At the core of a creative
37
12
14
30
20
25
17
56
17
27
14
86.07
17
14
15
14
24
34
Switzerland
86.02
16
35
22
29
Finland
85.88
21
12
32
15
and stage settings. K-dramas with diverse motifs based on creative ideas such as My Love from the Star
10
Taiwan
83.52
N/A
30
are another good example.
economy, there are people. This is a time when a single individual can elevate a nations value and
revitalize an economy. Creative economy involves generating new markets and new jobs by facilitating
convergence between science & technology and IT, industry and industry, industry and culture based on
creative ideas of economic actors.
Good examples of creative economy include the Korean singer Psys Gangnam Style, which created
new added value on YouTube where it became the first video in history to gain over one billion hits, or
Cirque Du Soleil that revamped the declining art of circus by converging it with colorful stories, music
Science and technology competitiveness (global ranking)

Classification
2009
2013
Total R&D investment
Total R&D investment to GDP ratio
Corporate R&D expenditure
Corporate R&D expenditure to GDP ratio
Number of researchers in R&D
Number of patents applied by applicants origin
Number of patents applied by applicants origin (per 100,000 pop.)
Number of patents granted by applicants origin
Number of patents granted by applicants origin (per 100,000 pop.)
Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (2013)
Fair Competition
A creative economy cannot fully flourish if there are no equal opportunities for competition. The
Park Administration is building a principled market economy in order to establish a new economic
ecosystem where conglomerates and SMEs share what they have, and small traders and local momand-pop stores can grow together. We are making a so-called ladder of hope that allows SMEs to
grow into medium-sized enterprises and medium-sized enterprises into global companies. The Park
Administration is striving to usher in an era of virtuous cycle between creative economy and economic
democratization, and an era where national wealth creation leads to peoples happiness.
08
4. Major Projects for Creative Economy
09
Creative Economy
The Park Administration is making multi-faceted efforts in order to expand such online successes to
offline and the entire Korean economy. In January 2014, Public-Private Creative Economy Committee
was inaugurated that brings together SMEs, startups and large conglomerates. The committee is not
led unilaterally by the Government. Rather, the committee aims to trigger joint discussions among
Building Creative Economy Town
local traders, experts and local universities in order to channel investment into areas that each
community is specialized in by establishing creative economy innovation centers. In order to create
innovative industries, new markets and new jobs, it is important to go beyond simply thinking up ideas
and actually create, experience, give a concrete shape and realize the idea. The Park Administration is
The Park Administration is committed to laying the foundation for a creative economy by supporting
establishing offline creative economy towns as a venue of creation, networking and cooperation so that
the creation of an ecosystem conducive to starting venture businesses and facilitating global market
it can serve as the forward base of a creative economy.
ventures by startups and SMEs as well as software and Internet-based content industries. In
Online Creative Economy Town and offline creative economy innovation centers inaugurated in 17
September 2013, the Government launched the Creative Economy Town website as a platform for
metropolises in 2014 are serving as a cradle of community and human resource development. We are
commercializing Korean peoples ideas to make sure that individuals who, until now, found it difficult to
seeing an increasing number of cases where creative ideas turn into business opportunities, and where
turn their good ideas into businesses can realize their dream so that their dream can in turn contribute
such startups become hugely successful. The Park Administration is rallying the public and private
to the national economy. This is an online Creative Economy Town that allows individuals to turn their
sector, central and local governments to ensure that creative economy innovation centers turn every
creative ideas into business opportunities with the help of expert mentors. Thousands of ideas have
communitys creative ideas into good business opportunities and contribute to the vision of building
been posted on the website ranging from ideas that address the small inconveniences in everyday life
community-led creative economy.
to ideas for new products that utilize state-of-the-art science and technology. Around 2,500 mentors
are offering their help to ensure that these ideas can be realized and ultimately contribute to the
vision of a creative economy. We are already witnessing many successful cases such as production
of a prototype after patent application or investor seminars. A young man proposed development
of a mobile application to a global K-startup program. This application allows mobile device users
to translate words on a website and study with the vocabulary list. With the help of a mentor, his
idea turned into a growing venture business when he launched the cloud-based language learning
application that supports twelve different languages, which was downloaded by 400,000 people in just
four months. His idea turned into a growing and promising venture business.
Public-Private
Creative Economy
Committee
Creative
Economy
online Creative
Economy Town
Creative Economy Town website www.creativekorea.or.kr
offline creative
economy innovation
centers
10
Fostering ventures
11
Creative Economy
New investment in venture capital
20,000
20,211
new investment (100 million won)
Already, venture businesses have made remarkable accomplishments in the Korean economy. There
are as many as 416 venture companies that achieved fast growth based on strong technologies,
15,000
13,845
posting a revenue of over 100 billion won including five whose revenues exceeded 1 trillion won. Out
of the 143 Korean companies which have products with the worlds largest market share, more than
half or 72 are ventures enterprises.
10,000
2011
2012
8,913
6,177
5,000
2000
making multi-faceted efforts to create an ecosystem of a creative economy that can help these venture
business grow even stronger. The Government is providing a variety of support to help people realize
12,333
10,910
Venture companies are also source of quality jobs, as demonstrated by the fact that 600,000 out of
4.26 million jobs created over the past decade came from such companies. The Park Administration is
12,608
2001
2002
2010
2013
(achieved the highest amount in 2013 since 2001, 1,384.5 billion won)
their dreams of turning their good ideas and technologies into businesses. Such support includes a
plan to facilitate a virtuous cycle in the ecosystem of funding startups announced in May 2013, and
establishment of Creative Economy Town in September 2013.
Changes in size of fund
The newly created venture investment fund in 2013 increased in size by 99% compared to the previous
year from 772.7 billion won in 2012 to 1,537.4 billion won in 2013. Actual amount invested also jumped
amount of fund (100 million won)
25,000
22,865
by 12.3% from 1,233.3 billion in 2012 to 1,384.5 billion won. Bills related to facilitation of startups such
as Special Act for Venture Businesses, Capital Markets Act, and Restriction on Special Taxation Act
passed in the National Assembly and are having visible impact from 2014. The Park Administration is
making policy actions to turn initial funding methods for venture companies from the existing loans to
investment, promote established entreprenuers re-investment such as angel investment and M&A,
and facilitate mentoring. Also, we are providing policy support for their venture into the global market
by operating a venture investment center and overseas expansion fund.
The Park Administration is implementing bold measures to ease any regulations that hinder convergence of industries, which is a core value of a creative economy. Also, we are expanding financial and
20,000
15,000
14,209
15,899
15,374
10,000
7,727
5,000
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
technological support for healthcare, culture, medicine, environment, marine, agriculture and many
(99% rise from 2012, 1,537.4 billion won)
other industries to ensure that good ideas can turn into good business opportunities. The Government
Note : Based on Small and Medium Enterprise Establishment Investment Associtiation + Korea Venture Fund
(excludes New Technology Project Investment Cooperative and Private Equity Fund)
allocated 6.5 trillion won as a budget for creative economy projects, which is a 12% rise compared to
2013, in a bid to make sure that new ideas and technologies can translate into the countrys growth
engine.
Source : Small and Medium Business Administration (2014)
Current status of governments venture investment : Small and Medium Business Administration is
working on establishment of a 2-trillion venture investment fund in 2014 (Overseas expansion fund 150
billion won, First-generation venture fund 100 billion won, Korean type Yozma fund 50 billion won etc.)
12
Climate change response
13
Creative Economy
Sharing Creative Economy Experience
The Government set climate change response as one of the core areas of creative economy. This is
Creative economy is an innovative paradigm that can bring growth not just to Korea but every single
because climate change is not a problem of tomorrow but rather a problem of today that calls for
country in the world by opening up and cooperating with each other. Korea is working toward creative
immediate action by the entire global economy.
economy and at the same time, it is sharing this experience with the rest of the world and actively
As promised with the global community, the Government set greenhouse gas emissions reduction
supporting developing countries build their capacity for creative economy, thereby contributing to
target to 30% of BAU by 2020 and is working to meet the targets by checking the reduction target
resilience and growth of the entire global economy. We are transferring our innovation and development
of different areas. We are also actively supporting developing countries in their climate change
models to developing nations based on their demand for creative economy and moving closer toward
response as well as the successful settlement and development of the Green Climate Fund (GCF).
shared growth of the region. Korea is also contributing to spreading a virtuous cycle of growth and
We are supporting the provision of appropriate technologies tailored to different local conditions
environment in the global community by sharing our experiences of harnessing the creative economy
of developing countries in order to ensure maximum effectiveness with a tight budget. We are also
model in climate change.
helping developing countries build climate response capacity as we promised when we hosted the
GCF. The Park Administration is going beyond passive prevention of climate change damages and
proposing an innovative economic growth model that harnesses climate change as an opportunity
to create a new growth engine. When we proactively rise to the challenge of climate change, it can
turn into an opportunity for new values, new markets and new jobs. We can also overcome climate
change in a more efficient and environment-friendly manner by using advanced science and technology. The Park Administration is expanding investment in technological development for climate
change response such as Energy Management System (EMS), renewable energy, carbon capture and
storage (CCS), and accelerating development of relevant industries and markets.
For instance, the Government introduced Environment-friendly Energy Town as a new policy attempt
to address climate change. This project is a new approach to addressing the issue that provides actual
benefits to residents in communities with unwanted facilities such as incinerators and landfills by
generating power using clean technologies such as biomass combined heat and power generation or
energy storage system.
President at the inaugural ceremony for GCF Secretariat, Dec. 4, 2013
14
Overseas evaluation of
creative economy
Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, Creative economy is a smart initiative to further leverage
creativity for the success of Korea...You have to nurture entrepreneurship and encourage research
and venture capital to build a creative economy (Apr. 23, 2013, MBC)
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, I empathize with President Parks strategies, policies and
endeavors for creative economy (Jul. 2, 2013, Dong-A Ilbo)
Templeton Emerging Market Chair Mark Mobius, President Parks objective (creative economy)
is a very good one, and if it succeeds, it will take Korea to the next level (May 31, 2013, Bloomberg
Markets Magazine)
Howkins Association Chair and author of The Creative Economy John Howkins,; Korean-style
creative economy is about ICT and science & technology...The meeting between President Park
and DreamWorks CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg is a good example that shows the potential for success
in the Korean-style creative economic model (Oct. 18, 2013, Aju Business Daily)
IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde : Creative economy is an excellent policyIt will
greatly help Korea and the world not just in terms of boosting education, R&D, innovation, and
commercial/economic application of innovations but also in its emphasis on art and culture
which were largely neglected by economists (Dec. 4, 2013, News 1)
Six Key Words of

Park Geun-Hye
Administrations
Major Policies
02
03
03
Regulatory Reform
2. Park Administrations Regulatory Reform Process
Regulatory Reform
1. Need for Regulatory Reform
Openness, Communication and Participation
Recognizing the importance of regulatory reform, President Park Geun-Hye is addressing the regulations that act as obstacles in each sector in Ministerial Meeting on Regulatory Reform directly
chaired by the President. On March 20, 2014, the President presided over the ministerial and privatepublic meetings on regulatory reform in the manner of a final discussion and she is pushing forward
The Park Administration set out 59 detailed tasks in three areas for the Three-year Economic
regulatory reform by encouraging openness, communication and participation.
Innovation Plan, and regulatory reform is the most important task that is relevant to all detailed tasks
The Park Administrations regulatory reform is meaningful in that it is an endeavor actively pursued by
in all areas. Boosting investment through regulatory reform is a prerequisite for an economy with a
the President, but what makes it all the more meaningful is that it engages both the private and public
balance between domestic demand and exports. If a government is passive in reforming regulations
sector and that the entire process is open for all Koreans to see and communicate in a transparent
that hinder investment while asking businesses to ramp up investment, no business will trust the
manner. This shows that regulatory reform clearly reflects President Park Geun-Hyes governance
government enough to step up its investment. The same goes for building an economy of dynamic
philosophy of openness, sharing, communication, and cooperation in Government 3.0.
innovation through creative economy. Since the core foundation of a creative economy is convergence,
a creative economy cannot flourish in an environment where outworn regulations get in the way of
convergence or application of new technologies.
The Park Administration is so focused on regulatory reform because it leads directly to job
creation. Until now, regulations have hampered investment in the Korean economy, undermining our
economic vitality and will to invest. Regulatory reform is the only key to innovate and jump-start our
economy without costing too much moneyAt the same time, it serves as the foundation for creating
an environment that encourages all economic actors from all levels of society to take up challenges
freely.
President presiding over the first Ministerial Meeting on Regulatory Reform, Mar. 20, 2014
04
05
Regulatory Reform
Sweeping Reform of Regulatory System
The Park Administration is establishing an institutional foundation for systematic regulatory reform
that unties the knots of interweaved regulations instead of carrying out piecemeal improvements
of regulations one by one. We introduced new measures such as One-in, One-out Regime, negative
list system, and Regulatory Sunset Program, while ensuring that all these systems that deter new
regulations mesh together smoothly like a cogwheel. We have implemented One-in, One-out Regime
where establishment or reinforcement of a regulation must be accompanied by abolition or easing
of an existing regulation in order to prevent any increase in regulations. Also, we are reviewing all
regulations from square one in order to scrap any unnecessary regulations while turning the remaining
regulations into negative-list regulations. For those regulations that cannot be turned into a negative
list, we introduced a system where the regulation loses effect automatically as soon as it reaches the
termination date. Meanwhile, the Government is providing detailed information about all the regulations
as well as the governments regulatory reform efforts at the Regulatory Reform Portal Site so that
people can supervise and contribute to the reform process in real time.
Regulatory Reform Portal Site
vel
ist
reg
ula
tio
ns
Because regulations have two faces, the Park Administration is pursuing a balance between strengthening and easing of regulations in the reform process. Regulations that hamper job creation and
e
gim
Re
Ch
a
t
-ou
ne
n/O
e-i
On
ng
et
on
eg
ati
Maintaining Balance between

Strengthening and Easing Regulations
investment are like tumors, but there are also regulations that are necessary such as those on welfare,
environment, and personal information protection. For instance, there are regulations that must be
reinforced such as fair trade regulations that limit monopoly in the market, regulations that protect the
Regulatory
Reform
socially vulnerable such as the three major labor acts or Consumer Protection Act, and environmental
protection regulations such as a ban on excessive use of single-use goods. Therefore, the Park
Administration is carrying out a balanced and targeted reform by clearly distinguishing unnecessary
and necessary regulations. The Government is streamlining regulations by improving good regulations
Regulatory Sunset Program
while uprooting bad regulations instead of a blanket and monolithic reform that makes all agencies cut
down on all of their regulations.
06
Regulatory Reform to Boost Investment at Home and Abroad
1. Regulatory Reform Initiated by the Administration

The Park Administration is taking the initiative in the reform by reducing regulations and bringing down
obstacles in the public sector first. With the recognition that creative and innovative ideas must not be
rendered useless because of unrealistic regulations, the Park Administration is drastically reducing
regulations and renovating laws and institutions so that any individual or business with a creative idea
can turn it into new products and services and thus make a quick venture into the market.
To this end, the Park Administration is building an infrastructure that enables convergence between
industry and industry, culture and industry, and IT and manufacturing sector. We are also taking decisive steps to remove silos between government agencies to create a system of creative collaboration
in order to provide one-stop administrative services that meet the needs of the companies. We are
rectifying a situation where a company has to travel around the central government, local government
and different government agencies for one permission.
07
Regulatory Reform
US economic news media <Bloomberg>, designated Korea

as #1 Innovative Country, #2 Best Emerging Market, #13 Best
Country for Business
#1 in Most Innovative Countries Ranking
Korea was ranked No. 1 with a total score of 92.10 in R&D investment (No. 3) Productivity (No. 3)
High-tech intensity (No. 3) Researcher concentration (No. 6) Manufacturing capability (No. 2)
Tertiary education efficiency (No. 3) and Patent activity (No. 7).
#2 in Best Emerging Markets Ranking

Korea was ranked No. 2 with a total score of 68.44 in average GDP growth (3.53) average inflation
rate (2.55) average government debt as % of GDP (34.89) PP change in government debt as % of
GDP (-1.18) and average total investment as % of GDP (27.14)
#13 in Best Countries for Business Ranking
Korea was ranked No. 13 with a total score of 75.31 in the degree of economic integration (78.7)
cost of setting up a business (75.9) cost of labor and materials (69.1) cost of moving goods
2. Regulatory Reform for World-Class Business Environment and Creative Economy

The Park Administration is implementing a sweeping regulatory reform at home to facilitate
investmentcritical for domestic demand, while externally, it is stepping up efforts to create a
(81.9) less tangible costs (78.2) and health of consumer base (64.3).
<Articles on Jan. 22~23, 2014>
business environment that is more favorable to companies than any other country in the world. The
Foreign Investment Promotion Act endorsed by the Government passed in February 2014 and is
The Park Administration is currently focusing on building a creative economy, which holds great
expected to generate approximately 2.3 trillion won of investment and 14,000 new jobs. Meanwhile,
promise, yet there remain significant obstacles to reach that goal. The Park Administration is working
Tourism Promotion Act is expected to create approximately 2 trillion won of investment and 47,000
to overcome these obstacles through regulatory reforms at home and abroad.
new jobs.
The first obstacle is one of regulations. Existing regulatory systems are based around partitions of
industries, with different sets of regulations for each industry. They employ a positive-list regulatory
system of prohibited in principle, exceptions allowed. Such an outdated regulatory framework stifles
convergence and the emergence of new technologies and industries, which are the core of creative
economy. In order to overcome this obstacle, the Park Administration is transitioning towards
a negative-list system of allowed in principle, no exceptions in a bold attempt to dismantle any
regulations that stifle convergence and the creation of new industries.
The second obstacle is one of finance. Creative economy businesses are built upon a foundation of the
Triple News: new ideas, new technologies, and new industries. Startups and ventures lead the business sector under this model. However creative businesses are hard to assess in terms of economic
08
value and entail a considerable amount of risk. Therefore, they severely lack in financial accessibility
compared to traditional businesses. In the case of developing countries without a developed financial
09
Regulatory Reform
3. A Comprehensive Review of the 5 Promising Service Industries

(Healthcare/Medicine, Education, Finance, Tourism, Software)
sector, startups and ventures that succeed in developing new technologies using new ideas may col-
In order to achieve a balanced economy through stimulation of domestic demand, we must secure
lapse due to lack of proper funding, and thus fail to commercialize their products. Such a phenomenon
an appropriate environment for investment. To boost investment in the service sector and to create
can hinder creative economy considerably. The Park Administration is pursuing a set of policies that
quality jobs, the Government is building a foundation to expand fiscal, R&D, and financial support
will accelerate virtuous cycles in the financial ecosystem of ventures and startups by improving upon
activities traditionally focused on the manufacturing sector into the service sector, which will lead to
the financing paradigm by transitioning from loans to investment, stimulating M&As, and applying
accelerated development of the service sector. In particular, regulations in the 5 promising service
tailored financial policies according to the growth stages of each business.
industries of healthcare/medicine, education, finance, tourism, and software, which are favored by the
The third obstacle is one of education. The existing educational system is divided into different
younger generation and have a high demand for investment, are undergoing an extensive review by a
fields. It is designed to produce standardized human capital with standardized knowledge, through
joint public and private task force; and the Government is providing one-stop service by streamlining
a standardized curriculum. Such education has limitations in fostering human capital with the
the process from licensing to actual investment. For example, in the field of healthcare and medicine,
capacity for convergence and creativity who can innovate through the creative destruction of stan-
the Government is streamlining regulations for open investment hospitals within free economic zones
dards and norms. For the purpose of innovating educational systems, the Government is nurturing
and stimulating tele-medicine alongside comprehensive service provision in the interest of accelerating
convergence-minded human capital by lowering barriers between different majors and disciplines,
overseas expansion for medical facilities.
and strengthening startup education for youths. Furthermore, it has implemented a trans-resume
hiring system that selects people for their diverse talents and passions, not for their adherence to
a specific set of requirements.
4. Creating Ventures through Regulatory Transition
The fourth is one of national borders. A closed economy does allow for the development of a creative
Through a transition from positive to negative-list regulatory system, the Park Administration seeks
economy. A creative economy can flourish only by pursuing open innovation and continuously engaging
to guarantee as much freedom and autonomy as possible. We are focusing our policy capacities on
in technological, financial, and people-to-people exchange within the world economy. The systemic and
creating a virtuous cycle of startup and investment, and a venture ecosystem that allows for second
cultural barriers that hinder international economic exchange may therefore pose the greatest obstacle
chances. For the creative economy to succeed, new ideas must easily translate to startups, and
to the creative economy. The Government continues to sign FTAs with different nations in the interest
successful businesses must be able to make profits early on to allow capital to flow to new startups. The
of open innovation.
Government is therefore revising tax laws in order to boost 1st generation venture re-investment and
overseas investment in Korean ventures. We are also creating a robust circulation of investment capital
by stimulating M&As and creating new *KONEX markets. The Government is strengthening institutional
protection mechanisms to ensure that technologies that took considerable time and effort to develop
Creative
Economy
are not stolen, and actively supporting international patent acquisition for companies that have acquired
patents in Korea.
* The Korea New Exchange (KONEX) market was inaugurated in 2013 as part of the governments creative
economy vision to foster the growth of business start-ups and venture firms in the financial sector.
Regulation
Finance
Education
National Borders
10
5. Regulatory Reform for Stronger Regional Investment

In addition, in order to revive the stagnant regional investment, the Park Administration will remove
any obstacles to regional investment without hesitation. We will first undertake decisive deregulation
concerning land use in arable and mountainous areas and policies pertaining to industries that are
closely connected to regional economies, including construction, distribution and tourism. Creation of
high-tech and other specialized industrial complexes as well as remodeling of old industrial sites will
also begin in earnest. The Government will not only expand regional funding and financial support but
also incentives related to human resources and R&D for businesses located in these regions.
11
Regulatory Reform
The website for regulatory reform allows citizens to voice their

opinions on everything from issues relating to regulatory reform,
civil servants who have contributed positively to reform to less
successful aspects of reform. Any opinions that citizens submit
are automatically transferred to the regulatory information portal
of the Office of Government Policy Coordination and processed
quickly. Any recommendations for improving regulatory systems
receive replies within 14 days from the relevant government
organizations concerning their applicability.
6. Creating a Civil Service Culture Conducive to Reform

The active participation of civil servants is paramount for the success of regulatory reform. Success
reform depends on the attitude, will, and principles of the civil servants working at each governmental department. The Park Administration is creating a culture in civil service that is conducive to
regulatory reform. No matter how many times the government and the President step up, such reforms are doomed to fail without the will of civil servants who hold the key to the executive branch.
Diagram for Regulatory Reform
President
Discussion between
Ministers and Vice-Minister
Joint Regulatory Reform
Bureau
Prime
Minister
Regulatory Reform
Committee
Office for Regulation Coordination under the Office for

Government Policy Coordination
Relevant departments (revision of ordinances, performance of tasks), local

governments + front-line organizations (on-site execution, improvement of local
governance laws)
Engage businesses, consumers, and citizens for demand-oriented regulatory reform
Blue House Regulatory Reform Sinmungo Banner,

installed in April 2014
Six Key Words of

Park Geun-Hye
Administrations
Major Policies
02
04
03
Global Cooperation for Co-prosperity
the atmosphere within the region remains tense. With the Korean Peninsula remaining divided for
70 years, North Korea continues with its nuclear program, contributing to the tension. There is a
rising potential for differences in opinion on past history leading to mistrust, while territorial disputes

Global Cooperation
for Co-prosperity
are leading to tension and conflict. The possibility of an armed conflict is a looming possibility. This
is, truly, an Asian paradox. It is time to overcome this situation of latent crises and achieve peace
and cooperation within Northeast Asia.
The new order of Asia in the future will be determined by how we manage this Asian paradox, where
1. The

Asian Paradox and the Northeast Asian Peace and
Cooperation Initiative
political and security cooperation falls behind even as national economic interdependence increases.
The Park Administration is pushing ahead with the Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Initiative with
the vision of overcoming such challenges. Now it is time to start with dialogue and cooperation on the
softer issues such as the environment, disaster response, nuclear security, energy security, and cyber
cooperation in order to build trust, and expand the scope of cooperation into other fields as part of the
process of Northeast Asian multilateral dialogue. If Northeast Asia can start with mutually beneficial
After the new administration took office on 25 February 2013, President Park proposed the Northeast
issues, larger issues and disputes can be solved with mutual interest in mind as well.
Asian Peace and Cooperation Initiative as a means to achieve trust and cooperation in Northeast Asia.
The Northeast Asian Peace and Cooperation Initiative seeks to begin with small but meaningful acts
of cooperation among the countries in the region in order to build a foundation of mutual trust. This
2. Eurasian Initiative
foundation will expand to become a multilateral mechanism that alleviates mistrust and tension. The
intention is to start with dialogue and cooperation on the softer issues such as nuclear security, climate
change, disaster response, cyber cooperation, and energy security and to expand from there.
President Park proposed the Eurasian Initiative for the purpose of mutual prosperity on the Eurasian
The world order is changing rapidly, and thus the peace and stability of Northeast Asia is more
continent. Eurasia is a place where Korea may reach for a new future and thus it is important to make
important than ever. From the perspective of diplomacy and security, the Korean Peninsula considered
it a unified continent, a creative continent, and a peaceful continent. The Eurasian continent covers 12
as a place facing the most difficult geopolitical challenges in the world. However, if Korea can take
time zones from east to west, and it is the worlds largest single continent that is home to 4.6 billion
advantage of these geopolitical challenges in creating a new future, they may help us achieve peace
people living in approximately 90 nations. The reason President Park proposed this Eurasian Initiative
and prosperity. This is because the Korean Peninsula is a strategic point located at the intersection
is because it is extremely important to create a second Silk Road on the Eurasian continent, which
of the Eurasian continent and the Asia-Pacific region. Already, Korea has overcome the division of the
has become divided by the trials of history, and renew the continent as a place of communication and
peninsula and its geopolitical disadvantages to become the worlds 8th largest trade powerhouse,
openness, of creativity and convergence.
with an annual trade volume of over 1 trillion dollars. Northeast Asia, which Korea belongs to, has
surged from war and poverty in the late 19th century and early 20th century, transforming into the
worlds dynamic region and a leader of world growth. If Northeast Asia can form a common market
economy like the EU, it will present remarkable opportunities.
Despite this incredible potential, the reality of politics and security in Northeast Asia has served to
hinder, rather than support, regional integration. To this day, Northeast Asia has not been able to
capitalize on the potential for cooperation. Countries in the region are growing rapidly in both economic capacity and interdependence, yet tensions surrounding past history are rising. Even now,
04
05
President Park has described the Korea-US alliance as the most comprehensive and close-knit alli-
Remarks by
Leading Figures
ance in the past 60 years, serving as the linchpin of stability and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific. Based on
the Joint Statement in Commemoration of the Alliance between the Republic of Korea and the United
States of America, adopted alongside President Obama during her visit to the United States in March
2013, the President has been adding depth to the comprehensive Korea-US strategic alliance with the
Bronislaw Komorowski, President of Poland : I wholeheartedly support President Parks Trustbuilding Process on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Initiative
goal of establishing of a foundation for the unification of the peninsula, a system of peaceful cooperation
in Northeast Asia, and a global partnership that contributes to peace and prosperity around the world.
(Oct. 22, 2013, Yonhap News)

John Hamre, President of CSIS : Korea is suited to be the arbitrator of Eurasian economic
cooperation President Parks Korean Peninsula Trust-building Process is impressive. Standing
Korea-China Strategic Partnership
ground when needed and providing a clear roadmap for cooperation, the process conveys what
South Korea wishes from North Korea. The Park administration is balancing multiple aspects
well. (Oct. 21, 2013, The Korea Economic Daily)
On June 2013, President Park announced the Joint Declaration for the Future Vision of Korea and
China along with President Xi Jinping. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992, economic
3. Cooperation with Key Nations
cooperation has led the development of relations between Korea and China. Trade rose by 36 times
from just under 6.3 billion dollars when diplomatic ties were established to 228.9 billion dollars in 2013.
China has become Koreas largest trade partner, and Korea is Chinas third largest trade partner.
President Park and President Xi Jinping held a summit meeting on March 2014, reaffirming mutual
Ever since it took office, the Park Administration has strengthened relations with the United States,
China, Japan, Russia, Asian countries, and Oceanic countries in order to alleviate tension and disputes
in Asia and to strengthen peace and cooperation. Furthermore, the Government is leading the way in
spreading universal human values such as freedom and human rights beyond the Korean Peninsula,
interest in the denuclearization of North Korea. In addition, they voiced favorable opinions on the bila
-teral strategic dialogue on issues surrounding the Korean Peninsula, and agreed to further strengthen
dialogue and cooperation on peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and make meaningful
progress on the denuclearization of North Korea.
and it is also contributing to world peace and happiness by actively participating in the resolution of
global issues such as terrorism, poverty, and nuclear security.
Korea-Japan Relations
Korea-US Relations
Japan is an important neighbor in the process of achieving peace and prosperity in Northeast Asia.
Both Koreans and Japanese hope that Korea and Japan will work together towards peace and prosperity
The Korea-US Alliance has contributed greatly to the peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. At
present, the security alliance based on the Mutual Defense Treaty (signed on October 1, 1953) and the
economic alliance based on the KORUS FTA (effective March 15, 2012) serve as the two pillars of the
ever-developing comprehensive strategic alliance.
in Northeast Asia.
There is a broad, pre-existing foundation of trust between the peoples of the two nations. The younger
generation of both Korea and Japan, and indeed many people, share in the Korean Wave and each
others cultures, coming closer in the process. Now both Korea and Japan must work towards becoming
06
07
genuine partners in cooperation, as desired by their respective citizenry. In the context of sharing a
proper perception of history, both nations must work to heal the scars of the past and strive for change
and responsible action in the interest of mutual future prosperity.
Korea-Russia Relations
Not only do Korea and Russia both rely on each other as important economic partners, they closely
cooperate on the process of achieving peace, stability, and mutual prosperity in Northeast Asia. Both
countries are utilizing their potential to the fullest in achieving concrete, mutually beneficial coope
-ration. Furthermore, the two countries are working together towards a new future for the Eurasian
continent. The two countries are picking up the pace on projects that can be pursued right away such
as the Najin-Hasan Project. Concrete plans are being developed for new cooperative projects such as
shipbuilding and the North Pole Route. Bilateral financial cooperation involving the installation of a
funding platform for financing and investment for the development of East Siberia, and general indus
-trial cooperation including the agricultural and maritime sector, are also being pursued for mutual
benefit.
Korea-EU Relations
Since establishment of diplomatic ties between Korea and the EU in 1963, bilateral trade volume
has increased to 100 billion over 5 decades. Bilateral relations have advanced considerably as Korea
became the first Asian strategic partner of the EU in 2010. Now the relation has matured as Korea
and EU pursue a future of coexistence and co-prosperity. In November 2013, both parties adopted the
50th anniversary joint declaration. The Joint Declaration in Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary
of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Korea and the European Union covers strengthening
cooperation, sharing visions, and strengthening regional security and multilateral cooperation in the
interest of a more prosperous future, based on the strategic partnership.
Summit with the US, China, Japan, Russia, and the EU
08
International Cooperation
09
Partner Conutries Since 2004
Korea has sent a large number of volunteers, just behind the United States, to 50 countries around
the world through World Friends Korea. In addition, Korea is making an effort towards sustainable
development and poverty reduction in developing countries through international development projects. Korea will continue to work towards freedom, human rights, democracy, environment, and other
universal human rights.
Korea has increased its ODA consistently to aid the growth of developing countries. The total amount is
1,743.64 million dollars (tentative) as of 2013. In particular, with the accession into OECD/DAC, Korea
has become a recipient-turned-donor and the government is striving to achieve an ODA/GNI ratio of
0.25% as recommended by the UN.
Knowledge Sharing Program (KSP) Partners
4. FTA Outcomes and Prospects

ODA ratios for each field from 2008 to 2012
Trade liberalization is a policy direction that is both effective and efficient. It does not add financial
pressure, while allowing for the achievement of economic stimulation, employment opportunities, and
0.3%
0.1%
5%
2.4%
6.7%
2.1%
consumer welfare.
2%
Social Infrastructure and Services

Economic Infrastructure and Services
Union, and three FTAs with Colombia, Australia and Canada are in the final stage of conclusion.
Manufacturing (Industrial) Sector
By concluding FTAs with Vietnam and New Zealand as early as possible, the Park Administration will
Environmental Reports
Multi-sector
9.1%
45%
increase the markets covered by FTAs to make the combined GDP of such markets reach more than 70
Supply Support/Basic Program Aid
percent of the global GDP.
Debt-related Support
The Park Administration is making inroads into the Chinese market through the Korea-China FTA and
Humanitarian Support
Administrative Support
27.3%
As of now, Korea has nine effective FTAs with countries including the United States and the European
Miscellaneous (includes undistributed resources)
actively working on mega FTAs such as the Trilateral FTA, TPP, RCEP, and TTIP. We are also working to
establish an international trade order by coordinating bilateral FTAs, mega FTAs, and multilateral trade
liberalization.
10
The KORUS FTA, which took effect in 2012, has allowed for more trade, more jobs, and more invest
-ment. At present, the United States is Koreas largest trade partner, with Korean investment in the
US exceeding US investment in Korea. The KORUS FTA is also important for the US. The KORUS FTA
serves as a bridge between the US and East Asia, providing an important opportunity to link the AsiaPacific as a single market, and serving as a critical axis of the US pivot to Asia.
Korea and China have achieved remarkable accomplishments for the past two decades following
establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992. The two countries have set forth a vision for new economic
cooperation and are now at the stage where they must go beyond quantitative growth towards qualitative
growth. Based on the cooperative relation built over time, the two countries must expand the scope
of economic cooperation, developing a mutually beneficial trade structure through additional bilateral
trade liberalization. The FTA between the first and third largest economies in East Asia will go beyond
the establishment of a bilateral free trade system and serve as an opportunity to establish a stepping
stone towards economic integration. To this end, Korea and China must sign an agreement that improves
upon the work done in the KORUS FTA, and reflect discourse on a cooperative system conducive to
healthier bilateral relations.
Status of Korean FTA (As of May, 2014)

Order of Effect
Trade Volume (As of 2013, Unit: 100 Million USD)
(4 Countries)
(28 Countries)
(5 Countries)
(6 Countries)
(10 Countries)
(5 Countries)
Signed on Apr. 8, 2014.

9 in Effect (47 Countries)

3 Settlements Reached (3 Countries)
8 in Negotiation (16 Countries)
6 Cases of Preparation for Negotiations and Joint Research (14 Countries)
Economic Unions
Six Key Words of

Park Geun-Hye
Administrations
Major Policies
02
05
03
Unification Bonanza
In order to bring about lasting peace and next great leap forward for Korea, it is necessary to prepare
for unification to usher in a new era for the Korean Peninsula. Germany, which achieved unification first,
made preparations step by step for a successful unification.
Unification Bonanza

2. S
trengthening Joint International Effort towards
Denuclearization of North Korea
1. The Geopolitical Situation over 70 Years of Division

A key obstacle to unification is the issue of North Korean nuclear weapons. North Koreas nuclear tests
are a challenge to the survival and future of the Korean people. North Koreas development of nuclear
Russia
China
Pyongyang
the East Sea

DMZ
Seoul
Ulleungdo
Dokdo
Japan
The year 2015 marks 70 years since
weapons is a critical issue that not only hinders unification, but also threatens world peace.
the division. The war stopped 60
Currently, North Korea is developing nuclear weapons and bolstering its nuclear arsenal in violation
years ago, but Korea remains the
of the NPT and UN Security Council Resolutions. If North Korean nuclear materials fall into the
only divided nation in the world as it
hands of terrorists, it will pose a huge threat to world peace. No country will be free from the threat
maintains an uneasy peace. For Ko-
of nuclear terrorism, and a single instance will result in pan-global disaster. A recent report from an
rea to take the next step in globaliza-
international research institute shows that safety issues in North Korean nuclear facilities are a cause
tion, it must overcome the division
for great concern. At present, a number of nuclear facilities are concentrated in Yeongbyeon, North
between North and South, the threat
Korea, and a fire in any one building has the potential to lead to a nuclear disaster far worse than the
of war, and the threat of nuclear at-
meltdown in Chernobyl. The North Korean nuclear program is a cause for concern in all aspects, from
tack to achieve unification. Prepa-
nonproliferation, nuclear security, and nuclear safety. As such, it must be dismantled for the sake of
rations must be made towards this
world peace and safety.
end. The Korean people have suf-
During the Nuclear Security Summit on 24 March 2014, President Park issued a 4-point proposal for
fered the pain and anguish of divi-
the development of an international nuclear security regime in order to respond to the threat of nuclear
sion for far too long. The security of
terrorism. The 4-point proposal is as follows: first, a comprehensive approach is necessary to ensure
the Korean Peninsula is at a critical
synergy between nuclear security, nuclear arms reduction, and nonproliferation; second, nuclear
state. North Korea is pushing forth
security measures remain limited to the national level, requiring the active development of a regional
with nuclear tests and ballistic mis-
discussion mechanism on nuclear security; third, the gap in capability between countries involved in
sile development. It is threatening to
nuclear security must be closed; and fourth, a response measure must be developed to combat the
renege on the Armistice Agreement.
emerging threat of cyber terrorism against nuclear reactors.
Territorial disputes and arms races
The Park Administration is considering a number of options to cooperate with neighboring countries to
among Northeast Asian countries
limit North Koreas sophistication of its nuclear capacities and to achieve complete denuclearization.
are intensifying.
If North Korea takes meaningful steps towards denuclearization, the two Koreas and the international
community may accomplish meaningful advancement towards building lasting peace as well as mutual
prosperity in Northeast Asia. North Korea should abandon its nuclear ambition and walk the path of
04
05
Unification Bonanza
peace and mutual development. It must recognize that the North Korea will be the greatest victim of its
confrontation, it is more than possible to build a better relation, a New Korean Peninsula. For this to
nuclear program. The Park Administration hopes that North Korea will no longer turn its back to the
happen, it is imperative to resolve the issue of North Korean nuclear weapons, which threaten peace
world, isolating itself, or consume precious resources while developing nuclear weapons and ballistic
on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia, and for North Korea to become a responsible member
missiles and instead work towards mutual development as a responsible member of the international
of the international community. North Korea must listen to the voice of the international community,
community.
that its possession of nuclear weapons is unacceptable. In order to revitalize its economy, North Korea
must engage the world and receive international investment. Recently, North Korea has shown great
interest in creating a special economic zone, but if it continues on its current path of nuclear weapons
development no country in the world, much less the Republic of Korea, will consider investing in North
Korea. If the North Korean regime is genuinely concerned about its citizens, then it must abandon
its futile ambition of dual economy-military defense. Instead, it should adopt international standards
and become a trusted partner capable of engaging its neighbors by acting more responsibly. If North
Korea abandons its nuclear ambition, if it chooses to change by becoming a responsible member of
the international community, the Republic of Korea will eagerly help North Korea, and the whole of
Northeast Asia will be able to coexist.
President delivering keynote speech during the Nuclear Security Summit, Mar. 24, 2014
3 Diplomacy-Unification Initiatives
(Korean Peninsula Trust-building Process, Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation
Initiative, Eurasia Initiative)
President Park proposed the Korean Peninsula Trust-building Process, Northeast Asia Peace and
Cooperation Initiative, and Eurasia Initiative as her vision for diplomacy and unification. The synergy
3. The Park Administrations Vision for Diplomacy and Unification
created by the virtuous cycle of these three initiatives will contribute greatly towards the peaceful
unification of the Korean Peninsula, peace and mutual growth in Northeast Asia, and eventually towards
world peace.
The Korean Peninsula Trust-building Process is designed to overcome appeasement policies that relied
A New Korean Peninsula
on the goodwill of North Korea and the hardline policies that relied solely on applying pressure. Based
on strong deterrence, the Process will create lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula by forcing North
Korea to pay for any wrongdoing and providing concrete opportunities and strong support if it decides
to be a responsible member of the international community. In short, the Trust-building Process is
In order to achieve true peace and cooperation in Northeast Asia, the most important task is to create
designed to create a foundation for the development of North and South relations and a foundation for
a New Korean Peninsula. A New Korean Peninsula is a place of permanent peace, a place where
peaceful unification based on the accumulation of trust. The Park Administration will use the Process
South Koreans and North Koreans exchange freely, and a place that contributes to a more stable
not only to achieve peace and stability on the peninsula but, as progress is made on the issue of North
and prosperous Asia. Although the South and North remain locked in a vicious cycle of mistrust and
Korean nuclear weapons, also to pursue cooperation within East Russia; the three northeastern
06
provinces in China; and trilateral cooperation between South Korea, North Korea, and Russia and South
Korea, North Korea, and China.
07
Unification Bonanza
Building the DMZ World Peace Park
The Park Adminstration is also working on the Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Initiative, which
will alleviate tension and disputes within Northeast Asia, and the Eurasia Initiative, which will unify
Eurasia as a single continent through exchange and liberalization. Thus, we are working to achieve
a virtuous cycle through the unification of the Korean Peninsula and the mutual development of
The armistice that has been in effect for 6 decades has served to halt the war and preserve peace on the
neighboring regions.
Korean Peninsula. Section 1 of Article 1 of the Armistice Agreement defines the DMZ as a zone meant
The Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Initiative seeks to build a foundation of dialogue and
to preserve the minimum level of peace. Contrary to what people might expect considering the name,
cooperation starting from issues such as climate change, disaster response, nuclear safety, and cyber
however, the DMZ has become the most militarized area in the world. President Park suggested the DMZ
cooperation, expanding in scope as progress is made.
World Peace Park in order to turn the DMZ into a place of peace and trust, removing weapons from this
Given that making North Korea a member of the international community is an important aspect of
heavily militarized strip of land. If the two countries, which had once brandished weapons at each other,
Koreas foreign policy, the Eurasia Initiative seeks to unify the Eurasian Continent by linking the broken
can work together to build the Park in adherence to international rules, processes, and agreements, it
network on the peninsula and removing any barriers to exchange. This will be coordinated with peaceful
will become square one for peace and unification of the peninsula. Furthermore, if the World Peace Park
cooperation in Northeast Asia. For the Eurasia Initiative to be a success, the walls of mistrust on the
is created in the DMZ, a legacy of division and conflict, it will turn the DMZ into a place of peace. This
Korean Peninsula, the gateway connecting Eurasia with the Pacific, must be removed.
will remove the memory of war in our minds and threat of provocation, and will allow for a new start in
Working under the premise that trust-building is the prerequisite of cooperation, the Park Administration
transforming the Korean Peninsula into a place of trust, harmony and cooperation. Now the DMZ must
has set the responsible fulfillment of agreements and adherence to international standards as its
become a genuine demilitarized zone. The international community must be able to gather in this place
guiding principles for its work on the three initiatives.
of peace, not just Koreans divided by the military borders. The DMZ World Peace Park can be a starting
point towards that goal. If continental and maritime nations can join the two Koreas in building trust and
cooperation, starting from the DMZ that divides the peninsula, the Korean Peninsula can change from
a hindrance to peace in Northeast Asia into a stepping stone for regional peace. The World Peace Park
must be built to dismantle the walls of mistrust and disputes for the sake of unification. If the Eurasian
railroad can be linked as a pathway of trust and peace on the Korean Peninsula, it will hasten the advent
01
02
03
Korean Peninsula Trust-building Process

- Trust-building between the South and North
- Development of Inter-Korean relations
- Establishment of foundation for peaceful unification
Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Initiative

- Overcoming the Asian Paradox (tension and disputes in Northeast Asia)
- Dialogue and cooperation on soft issues
- Multilateral mechanism for trust and peace in Northeast Asia
Eurasia Initiative
- Worlds largest single continent (Approx. 90 countries, 4.6 billion population)
- Transformation to a place of creativity and convergence through exchange and liberalization
- Virtuous cycle between peaceful unification of the Korean Peninsula and co-prosperity in
neighboring regions
Three Major Initiatives for Peaceful Unification of the Korean Peninsula
of unification.
08
09
Unification Bonanza
KBS Survey on Unification Sentiment
4. U
nification Bonanza and Preparations for a Unified Korean
Peninsula
KBSSurvey on Opinions on Unification, March 2014
32.9%
Very Necessary
7 out of 10 Koreans believe unification is necessary

48.4% believes it will remove the threat to security and
of war
22.4%
Context for Unification Bonanza
7 out of 10 Koreans believe unification is necessary. 32.9%

believed that it is very necessary, 40.1% mostly necessary, for a total of 73% who responded that unification is
necessary. 22.4% responded that it is not necessary.
For age groups, over 80% of respondents in their 50s and
40s considered unification is necessary while only 57.1% of
respondents, the lowest percentage, in their 20s considered
it necessary.
Of the reasons given for why unification is necessary,
security and removal of threat of war constituted the majority
at 48.4%. Other reasons included the unity of Korean people
and economic prosperity, in that order.
Not Necessary
What do
Koreans
think about
unification?
Unification is a national goal that, if achieved, will end 70 years of division and bring happiness to the
peninsula. It is the hope of all Koreans, too. Unification is, in fact, the fundamental goal of making
normal what is abnormal. The unification that Koreans seek must be a peaceful unification where every
40.1%
Mostly Necessary
Korean can contribute to human dignity, enjoy freedom and rights, and share the benefits of economic
development and cultural enrichment of the Korean peoples. It cannot be just about the South and
North becoming one. It must be the first step on the grand journey towards building a Korean Peninsula
that can contribute to world peace and happiness for humanity.
Von Weizsacker, first president of Germany after unification

An unprepared unification is a disaster, a prepared one a blessing.
There are those Koreans who believe that unification will be too costly or that unification is not
necessary. However, to speak plainly, the unification will be a bonanza. A world-renowned investment
expert once said, if South and North Korea unite, I will stake all money on the Korean Peninsula.
It is quite worth it. The Korean Peninsula will make great strides following unification. The South
Goldman Sachs Report (2009)

A United Korea : Reassessing North Korea Risks
Korean economy will grow considerably. North Korea too will develop rapidly. A unified Korea, free
656 billion
from the fear of war and nuclear weapons, will be able to contribute more to global issues such
1.71
473 billion
as the preservation of world peace, non-proliferation, environment and energy, and development.
1.21
In addition, as a new logistical hub connecting the Pacific and Eurasia, it will contribute to world
world ranking 10th
world ranking 14th
economic development.
Unification policies must be pursued under the consensus of the people. It can succeed only with the
trust and support of Koreans. As the history of division grows longer, more and more people become
skeptical about unification. In particular, it is the reality that the younger generation lacks interest in
GDP
Power Index
Republic of Korea
United Korea
Republic of Korea
United Korea
unification. This phenomenon must not be accepted as simply the result of changes in our time, but
rather we must propose a realistic vision for unification while raising awareness. The Park Geun-hye
Administration seeks to gain the trust of the Korean people by bolstering government transparency.
While some information cannot be disclosed considering the sensitive nature of South and North
relations, the government is informing Koreans about the process of policy implementation and boosting
the efficiency of North Korean policies using a foundation of strong public support.
If the Korean Peninsula is united, considering North Koreas potential, its GDP measured in dollars will rival,
possibly exceed the GDP of G7 nations with the exception of the United States in 30 to 40 years.
The combination of the Republic of Koreas technology and capital and North Koreas natural resources and human
capital will have a powerful synergistic effect.
Warren Buffett
If North and South Korea unite, I will stake all my money on the Korean Peninsula. It is quite worth it.
10
11
Unification Bonanza
North Korea. As the state of division persists year after year, the language, culture and living habits of
Launch the Committee for Unification Preparation

Directly under President
the two sides continue to diverge. If there is to be real connection and integration between the South and
the North, we must narrow the distance between our values and our thinking. To achieve this, those from
the South and the North must be afforded the chance to interact routinely. We will encourage exchanges
in historical research and preservation, culture and the arts, and sports all of which could promote
The Park Administration is doing its best to achieve the unification of the Korean Peninsula. As part
of this effort, the Government will launch the Committee for Unification Preparation, which will report
directly to the President, in order to pursue unification in a structured and constructive manner. The
Committee for Unification Preparation prepares for the unification of the Korean Peninsula and is
working to expand the scope of dialogue and civilian exchange between the South and North. Civilian
experts and civic groups in the fields of diplomacy, security, economy, society, and culture form
a national consensus on unification and develop a blueprint for a unified Korea. It is important to
prepare for unification so that we do not miss out on the historic opportunity for unification when it
comes. Realistically, it will not be easy to dismantle the wall of division. However, it is our mandate
as people who dream of and prepare for a better future. In order to achieve the dream of peaceful
unification, we must prepare step by step. The first president of a unified Germany, von Weizsacker,
once said that an unprepared unification is a disaster, a prepared one a blessing.
genuine people-to-people contact - rather than seek politically-motivated projects or promotional

events. Should North Korea so desire, we would be happy to partner with the international community to
share our experience in economic management and developing special economic zones, and to provide
systematic education and training opportunities relating to finance, tax administration and statistics.
We could also look at jointly developing educational programs to teach future generations and cultivate
talent, for it is in them that the long-term engines to propel a unified Korean Peninsula forward will be
found. President Park proposed the establishment of an inter-Korean exchange and cooperation office
that would be tasked to realize these ideas.
From a long-term perspective, it can lead to the development of an economic community that will allow
the free exchange of people and capital across the border as well as a cultural community where the
people of the two sides share culture and unite as one. By realizing small-scale unification wherein
the people of the two sides are united as one economically and culturally, we will be able to live much
more peacefully and happily. With steady development in small-scale unification, we will be able to take
gradual steps toward large-scale unification, specifically political and institutional integration.
Proposal to the North for Peaceful Unification
President Park made three suggestions to the North for the peaceful unification of the Korean
Peninsula. (Dresden Declaration, 28 Mar. 2014)
First, she suggested that we must take up the agenda for humanitythe concerns of every people.
Humanitarian issues of the South and North must be resolved and the suffering of the families torn
apart by the division must be eased.
Second, she suggested that we must pursue together an agenda for co-prosperity through the building
of infrastructure that supports the livelihood of people. South and North Korea should collaborate to
set up multi-farming complexes that support agriculture, livestock and forestry in areas in the North
suffering from backward production and deforestation.
Third, she suggested that we must advance an agenda for integration between the people of South and
President Park visited Brandenburg Gate on Mar. 26, 2014 and made speech at
Dresden University of Technology on Mar. 28, 2014
12
Concrete Measures to Build a Foundation for Unification

(3 Points)
President Park elaborated on concrete measures concerning the 3 points for building a foundation for
unification.
First, she stressed the important of peace on the peninsula. Security posture must be airtight in order
to ensure Koreans can live without fear. In particular, as long as the threat of North Korean nuclear
weapons exists, there can be no proper economic cooperation or exchange between the South and
North. There can be no mutual development for the South and North, no mutual development for the
region. As such, if the North abandons its nuclear ambition and becomes a responsible member of the
international community, the Republic of Korea will work with the international community to provide
aid. President Park is strengthening international cooperation to ensure progress towards this path,
and is considering a variety of solutions in the process.
Second, the Government is strengthening humanitarian support to the North. It is part of the effort
to close the identity gap between the South and North. This is important because the South and the
North, having existed under different systems for so long, have diverged considerably in their mindsets
and lifestyles. In particular, many North Koreans suffer from extremely poor living conditions, making
it imperative to continue increasing humanitarian aid and expanding healthy civilian exchange in
order to expand the scope of mutual understanding between the South and North. For example, if the
experienced European NGOs and the Korean NGOs pool their strengths and support the agricultural
and livestock industry of North Korea, it will not only help the residents of North Korea in practical
terms, but will also build trust and bring the two Koreas closer.
Third, it is important to strengthen international cooperation in order to expand a consensus for the
unification of the Korean Peninsula. Unification cannot be achieved by the two Koreas alone. The
consensus, support, and cooperation of the international community are necessary for success.
President Park took the opportunity to engage in sincere dialogue about unification through summit
meetings with key nations such as the United States, China, and Russia in 2013 and 2014 and succeeded
in building a consensus on unification.
Six Key Words of

Park Geun-Hye
Administrations
Major Policies
02
06
03
K-POP and Cultural Enrichment
Korea is notable for being an ethnically homogeneous country over 5,000 years of history. 5,000 years
of history have created a Korean culture that is both beautiful and unique. Furthermore, it has the
power to move people. Korean culture incorporates global aesthetic values into the Korean spirit to

K-POP and Cultural

Enrichment
create new works of art.
1. Beginning of the Era of Cultural Enrichment
In the 21st century, cultural influence translates into national strength, and individual imagination
translates into content. In other words, we live in a time where cultural imagination and creativity
President in the Korean Wave fan event in France, Nov. 3, 2013
correlate to national development. The government is working to create an era of cultural enrichment
where domestically, the renewal of the Korean spirit and soul allows all Koreans to enjoy cultural
prosperity in their daily lives, and internationally, culture brings Koreans and people around the world
together. The Park Administration is transcending differences in ethnicity, language, ideology, and
tradition to create a cultural age of a harmonious world, one that contributes to peace and prosperity
for all humanity. This is because culture is of paramount importance in the 21st century: cultural
enrichment enhances national prestige and personal quality of life, and culture is the ideal medium for
International Status of the Korean Wave

Source : The International Status of the Korean Wave I, II, released by the Korea Foundation on December 2013.
| CURRENT Status
As study of 96 countries shows that a total of 987 Korean Wave clubs exist in 78 countries, with a membership of 9 million. (As of July 2013)
global sharing and exchange.

| Regional Korean Wave Clubs
| Growth of Korean Wave Clubs

(2012 to 2013)
2. Context for K-POP (Korean Wave) and Global Popularity
234
(6.8 million)
464
Asia, Oceania
377
234
Americas
213
142
228
76
Koreas K-POP artists and culture reach beyond the barriers of language and nationality, providing
entertainment to people around the world. The Korean Wave has gained international popularity, and
it is a source of pride for Koreans. Such a success was built upon the foundation of 5,000 years of tangible and intangible Korean cultural heritages and spiritual culture.
213
(1.17 million)
464
(1.25 million)
Europe
36
2012
2013
Asia
Oceania
2012
2013
Americas
2012
2013
Europe
2012
2013
Africa
Middle East
Africa, Middle East
76
(60,000)
04
Current Status of Korean Wave Clubs According to Region
05
The French newspaper, Le Figaro, carried an article titled 'Korean Wave Sweeping across the World'
on December 29 through 30, 2013 as follows : "The rise of K-POP star Psy heralds a new era for the
Asia & Oceania

Nepal
America
0
Guatemala
Europe
38
Greece
Africa & Middle East
Korean Wave. Recording over 1 billion hits, Psy has exceeded all expectations and is spearheading
Nigeria
Koreas transformation to an exporter of movies and TV dramas. The Korean Wave has been popular in
Asia since the 90s, and it is now expanding into European and American markets: a fact reflected by
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Netherlands
Republic of
South Africa
Taiwan
Dominican
Republic
Norway
Lebanon
Laos
Mexico
70
Germany
16
Libya
United States of
America
26
Denmark
Morocco
Mongolia
Bolivarian
Republic of
Venezuela
66
Russia
22
Bahrain
Republic of
the Union of
Myanmar
Brazil
36
Romania
17
Saudi Arabia
Vietnam
Argentina
20
Belgium
Senegal
Brunei
Ecuador
Belarus
United Arab
Emirates
12
Sri Lanka
El Salvador
16
Bulgaria
Algeria
Singapore
Honduras
Serbia
Ethiopia
Afghanistan
Uruguay
Sweden
Oman
India
Jamaica
Switzerland
Jordan
announced eight major tasks including the advancement of humanities and spiritual culture and
Indonesia
13
Chile
Spain
10
Uganda
bolstering the resilience of regional culture. In the interest of building a legal foundation for cultural
Japan
51
Canada
17
Slovakia
Iraq
enrichment, the government has passed 4 key laws, which the culture and arts industry has long
China
52
Costa Rica
14
Ireland
Iran
desired, including the Framework Act on Culture, Regional Culture Promotion Act, and Welfare Law
Cambodia
Colombia
20
Azerbaijan
Israel
for Artists.
Thailand
47
Trinidad and
Tobago
United Kingdom
15
Egypt
17
The Presidential Committee for Cultural Enrichment has toured the entire country, including Busan
Pakistan
Panama
34
Austria
Qatar
and Gwangju, in 2013 and 2014, for the purpose of regional cultural development and popularization. It
Malaysia
the number of people wanting to learn the Korean language."
3. Cultural Enrichment Policies
Upon taking office on February 25, 2013, President Park adopted cultural enrichment as one of the
four major government agendas. In 2013, the first year, the Park Administration established the legal
and institutional foundations for cultural enrichment. It has since pursued diverse cultural enrichment
policies to allow Koreans to enjoy culturally-enriched lives, with tangible benefits for the people and
artists.
In 2013, the Park Administration launched the Presidential Committee for Cultural Enrichment and
Fiji
Paraguay
Uzbekistan
Kenya
organized discussions on regional culture policies, visited cultural sites and culturally neglected areas
Philippines
11
Peru
55
Ukraine
Kuwait
to gather the diverse opinions of regional artists and residents on regional cultural enrichment. Based
Australia
18
Italy
Tunisia
25
Czech
on these efforts, the government passed the Regional Culture Promotion Act. In 2014 it drew up a basic
Kazakhstan
Croatia
Turkey
culture and arts enrichment. This will help build regional brands based on culture; allow them to be
Portugal
used as resources for cultural tourism, stimulating regional economies; and help create jobs in the
Poland
regional economy.
France
30
Finland
Hungary
234
464
plan for regional cultural enrichment, expanding support for regional culture and arts enrichment
and support for regional art organizations to ensure that regional organizations become the agents of
33
213
76
06
07
As part of the cultural enrichment policies, the Park Administration has designated the last Wednesday
Fund (20 billion won), which invests from the planning phase; the 10-10-10 fund (over 50 billion won
of each month, starting January 2014, as a day for culture in recognition of the importance of integrating
from 2015 to 2017). It is a fund designed to provide support to 90% of the companies (less than 1 billion
culture into daily life. It is providing support citizens so they may watch performances or visit exhibitions
won in capital, less than 1 billion won in sales, less than 10 employees) in the content industry, which
at a discount or for free.
is difficult to break into, which supports small content creators; and the Korea-China Joint Global Fund
The Park Administration is expanding support for creative endeavors to ensure that artists can focus
(200 billion won in 2015), joint support and creation by Korea and China to help the expansion of
on creative work, and it is working on building a creative safety net. In order to improve the creative
creative content in the Chinese market. Joint creations are considered Chinese content, and thus can
environment for artists, it is securing spaces for creative work, strengthening support policies for
be distributed throughout China without being limited by the import quota. The government has created
creative activities, and improving welfare for artists. To achieve this, the government increased cultural
an evaluation system to determine the monetary value of intangible content. (2015)
budget in 2014 to 5.3 trillion won, 1.5% of total government expenditure.

Of the various facets of industry, culture is best suited to realize a creative economy. The Park
3_Nurturing creative talent: The government will establish creative Meister Schools. (Planned to open
Administration is supporting creative work in diverse genres, leading the creative economy by nur-
in 2016). Priority given to gaming content Meister Schools, given the maturity and human capital in that
turing cultural content industries that converge culture and cutting edge technologies, and creating
field It will also open convergent creative content academies. (2015) Current plans involve the dramatic
new jobs. A large amount of Korean Wave content has gained success overseas, proving the export
expansion of creative human capital mentoring systems which allow aspiring creators to learn from the
competitiveness of Koreas content industry. In order to continuously improve said competitiveness,
finest mentors of each field, much like apprenticeships.
the government is also bolstering support for export financing and local marketing. K-POP, movies,
and the cultural content industry have the potential to become high value-added industries. Therefore,
4_Global Expansion of the Korean Wave: The government plans to enact the Narrative Industry
the government is increasing investment and financing support for cultural content, and it is creating
Promotion Law. (2014) It is working to commercialize narrative works including the establishment
facilities to support creative work where content-creators can commercialize ideas across genres:
of story exchange platforms. (Story Labs built in three regions in 2014. Story Creation Clusters to be
the Content Korea Lab. It is providing the necessary support for balanced development of creation,
established from 2015-2017. Story exchange platforms to be created in 2015) New markets for the
distribution, and enjoyment. The government is making an effort to nurture creative talent in the field of
Korean Wave are being looked at, including Latin America. A Korean Wave map is being worked on
art to ensure the globalized advancement of Korean art.
which provides tailored information to export companies based on collection and analysis of big data
relating to the Korean Wave.
The Five Tasks of the Content Industry Development Strategy
5_Creation of a fair trade environment for the content industry: Cases of violation of fair trade occurring
in the process of film making, distribution, and screening are being worked on. Legal protection
1_Building a foundation for Creative Commercialization: In order to provide a one-stop content support
mechanisms are being created to safeguard the right of likeness of celebrities and artists. Through the
system, the Government created Content Korea Labs (26 planned for construction by 2017, support
establishment of an organization to discuss improvement of broadcast subcontracting systems, the use
for over 400 prospective startups by 2017). It has created a one-stop content information portal that
of standard contract forms is being reviewed and violations of fair trade in the broadcasting industry
provides all information relating to the content industry, from cultural prototypes, story DBs, and foreign
are being fixed. Regulations on animated advertisements are being worked on. A healthier copyright
market information.
ecosystem is being created through the strengthening of copyright laws both at home and abroad.
2_Expansion of tailored financial support: In order to expand financial support tailored to the
characteristics of the content industry, the government has created the Planning and Development

Six Keywords of Park Geun-Hye Administration's Major Policies (English)

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Six Key Words of

Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye Administrations Major Policies

Three-year Economic Innovation Plan

1. Economy with Strong Fundamentals

Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye

public sector reform

wider social safety net

to renew and jump-start the Korean economy.

principled market economy

Key economic indicators

per capita GDP

Public Sector Reform

Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye Administrations Major Policies

Three-year Economic Innovation Plan

Government is changing confrontational labor-management relations to a relationship of compromise

to encourage their active participation.

Public enterprises debt to GDP ratio for OECD members

Stronger Social Safety Net

Principled Market Economy

Three-year Economic Innovation Plan

2. Dynamic and Innovative Economy

a mentors support, and helps companies reinforce competitiveness.

Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye Administrations Major Policies

Source : OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2013-2

3. Economy with a Balance between Domestic Demand and Exports

equitably. The goal of a balanced economy will

be pursued with focus on the implementation of

the three following tasks: expansion of the base

of domestic demand, expansion of investment

opportunities and improvement in employment

rates for young people and women.

President in Meeting for Promoting Trade and Investment

Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye Administrations Major Policies

Facilitate Domestic Consumption

Three-year Economic Innovation Plan

of SMEs and medium-sized enterprises, the Government is addressing their management-related

financing institutions and contributions by 2017.

Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye Administrations Major Policies

Three-year Economic Innovation Plan

Increase Female and Youth Employment

Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye Administrations Major Policies

Three-year Economic Innovation Plan

President attending Women Entrepreneurs Day ceremony, Jul. 10, 2013

Reform public institutions by putting an end to irregularities

Put an end to unfair practices between conglomerates and SMEs,

Stronger safety net

Strengthen social safety net in order to support those left behind

Establish and expand creative economy innovation centers

Increase investment in R&D, attract talent from overseas

Maximize the strategic use of FTAs

Restructure household debt, normalize housing transactions and

Establish regulatory reform system

Increase female and

Facilitate employment of young people and women

Six Key Words of

Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye Administrations Major Policies

1. Concept of Creative Economy

One Stone Three Birds effect

2. Two Characteristics of Creative Economy

President at World Economic Forum, Jan. 22, 2014

exemplary solution for uncertainties in the future of the global economy.

Six Key Words of Park Geun-Hye Administrations Major Policies

3. Foundation of Creative Economy

Put an end to unfair practices between conglomerates and SMEs,

Strengthen social safety net in order to support those left behind

Restructure household debt, normalize housing transactions and

Facilitate employment of young people and women

2. Regulatory Reform for World-Class Business Environment and Creative Economy