St.

Thomas College of Engineering and

Technology
Project Report on Design of Half bridge converter and its
application by
Name
Avirup Kundu
Soumyabrata Patra
Sounak Biswas
Tanushree Dutta
Sudip Chakraborty
Sujatro Laskar
Sovan Dutta

Roll Number
46
56
06
28
09
47
26

Guided By
Prof. Sukanya Dasgupta
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for B.Tech
degree
Department Of Electrical Engineering
St Thomas College Of Engineering and Technology
West Bengal University of Technology
Year 2014-15

Certificate of Approval
To whom it may concern,
This is to certify that the project entitled Design of Half
bridge converter and its application is upto the standard
of WBUT 8th semester syllabus. The project work has been
done with precision and is quite satisfactory.

Prof (Dr.) B.B. Sen

Project Coordinator

Prof (Dr.) A. Ganguly

HOD Electrical Engineering
dept.

Prof. S. Dasgupta
Mentor, Electrical
Engineering dept.

External Examiner

Acknowledgement
We would like to articulate our deep gratitude to our project guide Prof. S.
Dasgupta who have always been a source of motivation and firm support
for carrying out the project. We would like to convey our sincerest gratitude
to all other faculty members and staff of Department Of Electrical
Engineering, St Thomas College Of Engineering and Technology, who
bestowed their great effort and guidance at appropriate times without
which the completion of our project would have been impossible.
Finally, Prof G. Banerjea (Director, Admin & Finance), and Prof. A. Ganguly
(H.O.D of EE Dept.) owe special mention as without their disciplined
guidance and care, the completion of the project within the given deadline
would have been a distant dream.

Avirup Kundu
Soumyabrata Patra
Sounak Biswas
Tanushree Dutta
Sudip Chakraborty
Sujatro Laskar
Sovan Dutta

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Theory
4. Implementation Details
4.1. Generation of Gate Pulse
4.2. Working of Implemented Circuit
4.3. Equations Used
4.4. Values of Parameters
4.5. Output Observed
5. Matlab Simulation
6. Observation and Discussion

Objective
The main objective of our project is to understand
the various components required for power
converter circuits and then implement them to
develop a Half bridge converter which can gain
output 240v from 12v DC input.

Introduction
Dc-Dc converters are widely used in regulated
switched mode dc power supplies and in dc motor
drive applications. Often the input to the
converters is an unregulated dc voltage which is
obtained by rectifying the line voltage and
therefore it will fluctuate due to changes in the line
voltage magnitude.
Switched mode dc-dc converters are used to
convert the unregulated dc input into a controlled
dc output at the desired voltage level. Converters
are very often used with an electrical isolation
transformer in the switched mode dc power supply
and almost always without an isolation transformer
in case of dc motor drives.
The aim of this project is to design and analyse the
Half bridge converter. This converter may be used
in conjunction with a high frequency transformer to
boost the output voltage with the advantage of
having a smaller transformer and providing
isolation between input and output.

Theory
Basic Design of a Half bridge Converter

A half bridge converter is a type of DC-to-DC converter

that uses a transformer to change the voltage of a DC
power supply. The DC bus is divided into two halves and
capacitors of same value are connected in parallel to
them. This is to hold the charge and give supply during
the ON time of each switch.
The transformer primary is supplied with current from
the input line by a pair of controlled switches in a
symmetrical Half bridge circuit. The switches are
alternately switched on and off, periodically reversing the

current in the transformer. Therefore current is drawn

from the line during both halves of the switching cycle.
Power MOSFETs are often chosen as the switching device
due to their high current switching capability and their
inherently low ON state resistance.
The cycle starts with no voltage and no current. Then one
MOSFET turns on, a constant voltage is applied to the
primary, current increases linearly, and a constant
voltage is induced in the secondary. After some time T the
MOSFET is turned off and the other MOSFET turns on.
However there should be a gap between switching off the
first MOSFET and switching on the second MOSFET to
ensure short circuit conditions do not occur. The cycle is
then repeated.
Half-Bridge Converter belongs to the primary switched
converter family since there is isolation between input
and output. It is suitable for output powers up to 1kW.

PID Controller

The governing equation of the PID controller is

t

y (t )=K p e ( t ) + K i e ( ) d + K d
0

de ( t )
dt

Where, y(t) is the output and e(t) is the error and u(t) is
the reference.
The PID controller is used in the closed loop feedback
system to maintain the output voltage constant. The PID
controller works by first calculating an error as the
difference between measured process output and a
reference level and then tries to minimize the error by
use of a manipulated variable.

Implementation Details
Generation of Gate Pulse
Pulse width modulation is used to control the MOSFETs in
the implemented MATLAB simulation. The scheme to
generate the pulses in MATLAB as described below.
A Triangular wave block is compared with a constant to
get the required gat pulse for 1 st MOSFET. The
complement of this waveform is taken as the gate pulse
for 2nd MOSFET.
This results in a pulsed output with the desired T on and
Toff.

Waveforms

Working of implemented circuit

Two MOSFETs are used as the switching devices to
generate the continuous pulsed input to the transformer.
A Gate Pulse generation circuit is designed which
generates two pulses each of which has a duty cycle of
50%.
When the first MOSFET is turned on by the one of the
gate pulses, the other MOSFET is kept off. the dc bus is
splitted in two equal halves and same valude capacitors
are connected across each of them.this enables us to give
half of the supply to the transformer for each MOSFET.
One half of the center tapped transformer is energized at
the time. Then the first MOSFET is turned off and the
second MOSFET is also kept off to avoid the short circuit
condition.
After a suitable time, the second gate pulse fires the
second MOSFET. The other half of the transformer is then
energized. After the cycle is complete both MOSFETs are
kept off for a while so that junctions can get enough time
to recombine and we can avoid short circuit and then the
cycle is repeated.
The transformer winding has a turns ratio of 40 to boost
the input voltage of 6V to 240V to account for losses in
rectification.
An uncontrolled rectifier is used to convert the pulsating
output from the transformer to a constant DC voltage.

The low pass RLC filter is used to reduce the ripple

component, and the output is taken across the load
resistor.

Equations used
Transformer

1.

Vo
N
=0.5 s
V
Np

Where,
Vo = Output Voltage of transformer
Vin = Input Voltage of transformer
Full Bridge Rectifier
2
2 V s

1.

V d=

2.

V r =0.217 2V s

Where,
Vd = Average value of DC output voltage from full
bridge rectifier
Vs = RMS value of input sine wave
Vr = RMS value of AC component in output

Low Pass RLC filter

1.

V o ( s)
=
V (s )

1
LC
1
1
s 2 +s
+
CR LC

Where,

Vo(s) = Output of filter in s domain

Vin(s) = Input of filter in s domain
L = Inductance
C = Capacitance
R = Resistance

Values of Parameters
V input =12V
T on=5 104 s
Duty Ratio=0.50

Control Circuit parameters

f Triangular =1 kHz
PID
P=20, I =45, D=0
Gain
Gain=1/240

MOSFET parameters
FET Resistance=0.1

Internaldiode inductance=0 H
Internaldiode resistance=0.01
Internaldiode forward voltage=0 V

Snubber parameters
Resistance=1e5
Capacitance=1e-12 F

RLC Filter parameters

C=1 103 F
L=1 106 H

Winding parameters
R 1=0.000288
L1=1.1833 105 H
R 2=1.152

L2=3.667 104 H

Diode parameters
Vd=0.8 V
Snubber resistance=500
Snubber capacitance=250 109 F

Output Observed
Vo=236.82V
Io=.148 A
Pout =35 W

Oscillation in output
V r =0.5V
I r =0.0004 A

MATLAB Simulation
Half Bridge Converter circuit in MATLAB

Gate Pulse generation subsystem

Gate Pulses

Input Voltage

Output Voltage

Output Current

Observations and Discussion

1. This type of topology is mainly used for high voltage
operation and power limit is in the range of 1 kw.
2. The splitting of DC bus and the capacitors are extra
arrangements that have to be made for this topology.
3. Transformer is used for two reasons, first for stepping
up the voltage, and second, for giving electrical isolation
to secondary side.
4. There was a voltage spike being generated at the drain
of the MOSFET after turning it off. we used a snubber to
keep it down.
5. Unsteady was being observed in the open circuit
output. Therefore a closed circuit system with a PID
controller was implemented.
The objective of designing a Half Bridge converter
with a low ripple output was successful. The input of 12V
is successfully transformed to 235V at the output.
A ripple was observed in the output which is within
tolerance limits and which we will try to reduce further
during the hardware implementation.