Achievement attribution the belief one holds about the causes of ones successes

and failures
Adolescent egocentrism tendency for adolescents to become extremely selfabsorbed (result from advances in thinking abilities)
Adrenarche maturation of adrenal glands
Androgens stimulate sexual hormones in males
Anorexia nervosa starving oneself
Cortisol stress hormone
Deductive reasoning one draws logically necessary conclusions from a general set
of premises
Bulimia vomiting
Delayed phase interference pattern of sleep (later sleep, later waking up)
Disordered eating obesity, bulimia, anorexia nervosa
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex planning ahead and controlling impulses
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex intuitive decision making
Orbitofrontal cortex evaluating risks and rewards
Endocrine system produces and controls hormones
Extrinsic motivation motivation based on external rewards
Intrinsic motivation motivation based on the pleasure one will gain from mastering
a task
HPG axis feedback loop during adolescence
Hypothetical thinking thinking based on what is possible
Imaginary audience brought on by heightened self-consciousness of early
adolescence (everyone is watching)
Leptin most important protein during female puberty
Limbic system process rewards and emotional experiences and social information
Melatonin hormone that affects sleep levels
Menarche first period

Metacognition thinking about thinking

Need for achievement influences the extent to which an individual strives for
success in evaluative situations
Personal fable persons belief that he/she is unique and therefore not subject to
the rules that govern other peoples behavior (protective benefits: enhances selfesteem and feelings of self-importance)
Pituitary gland controls hormone levels
Prefrontal cortex pruned the most during adolescence (important for advanced
thnking)
Secular trend puberty comes earlier now because kids are healthy
Tanner Stages used to describe the 5 stages of pubertal development

4 categories of identity status James Marcia

1. Identity Achievement
2. Moratorium
3. Identity Foreclosure
4. Identity Diffusion

Ethnic Identity
-

Assimilation
Marginality
Separation
biculturalism

CHAPTER 10
Altruism helping behaviors that are motivated by assistance without expectation
of reward
Conventional moral reasoning reasoning that focuses on receiving approval of
others

Deviancy training process in which clique members praise, encourage, model and
reward one another for antisocial behavior or aggression
Digital divide gap between families that have access to computers and those who
do not
Expressivity trait marked by a caring orientation focused on communication,
collaboration and conciliation
Gender schema conceptualization of what it means to be male or female
Hedonistic reasoning reasoning that focuses on ones own wishes and needs
Homophily tendency of individuals to associate with others who are like
themselves
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY stiving for recognition for their accomplishments,
children develop skills and perform tasks that their society values
Instrumentality personality trait characterized by a focus on action and
accomplishments
Media multitasking simultaneous use of multiple forms of media
Meta-analysis statistical technique: Indicate that boys are more active & physically
aggressive and better spatial abilities and large motor skills. Girls have better verbal
skills and are better at reading emotions
Peer group have a common identity
Peer group status standing in the peer group
Postconventional moral reasoning reasoning guided by principles like justice,
fairness
Postmodern family variation on modern families
Preconventional moral reasoning reasoning that focuses on the rewards and
punishment
Prosocial behaviors voluntary actions for the welfare of others
Relational aggression damaging peer relationships
Self care children caring for themselves without adult supervision
Social aggression damaging self-esteem
Sociometric nomination research method used to determine peer group satus

Transactional process interplay between the child and her caretaking environment
in which each mutually influences the other over time