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Chapter 2- Electricity
2.1
CHARGE AND
ELECTRIC CURRENT
GCKL 2011
the generator can produced a strong force
of
___________ between the opposite
charges. ___________ will suddenly
accelerate from the finger to the dome of
the generator and causes a spark.
21
Van de Graaf
1.
What is a Van de Graaff generator? Fill in each of the boxes the name of the part shown.
A device that ...................... and ........................................
+ +
+
+
+
2.
(2)
EXPLANATION
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
3. When the wire touches the dome, the microammeter needle is deflected. This shows that a
__________ is flowing through the galvanometer.
4.
The electric current is produced by the flow of ____________ from earth through the
galvanometer to the metal dome to neutralize the positive charges on its surface.
5.
The metal dome can be safely touched with the finger as all the positive charges on it have
been ________________.
2The
microammeter
needle is returned
2. What will happen if the charged dome of the Van
de Graaff is connected to the earth via a
microammeter? Explain.
4. The
When the
discha
rging
metal
sphere
is
broug
ht
near
the
charg
ed
dome,
..........
.......
occurs
.
to
its .....................
.............
position when
the Van de
Graaf is
switched off.
+
+
+
+
+
2An
ele
ctri
c
cur
ren
t
.....
..... + +
+
.....+
...
+
..................
..................
....
2-2
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
Electric Current
1. Electric current is defined as the ................................................................................................
2. In symbols, it is given as:
where I = ...............................
Q = ...............................
20
= .................
..............
I
t
(iv) By rearranging the above formula, Q = ( It / t
/ I )
23
GCKL
2011
Chapter 2- Electricity
Electric Field
a. An electric field is a ................ in which an ......................... experiences a .........................
b. An electric field can be represented by a number of
object to a
to a ..................
-charged object,
plate is ..................
to the
plate.
(a)
(b) If the ping pong ball is displaced to the right
to touch
then
be
and
wil
..........................
(b)
(c) When the ping pong ball
..........
...........
........................... the .............................
This process repeats again and again, causes the
ping pong ball ............................ to and fro
continuously between the two plates.
(c)
2-4
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
Conclusion
......................................
......................................
Electric field is a ..........................
Like charges
.............................
.............
1.
2.
3.
EXERCISE 2.1
1. 5 C of charge flows through a wire in 10 s.
What is the current in the wire?
2.
3.
4.
25
Chapter 2- Electricity
2.2
(1)
electric charge
(2)
IDEAS
POTENTIAL
DIFFERENCE
OF
GCKL 2011
(b)
(a)
X
Y
P
Gravitational potential
energy at X is ........
the gravitational
than than
the
potential energy at Y.
2-6
GCKL
2011
Chapter 2- Electricity
(c) Similarly,
terminal
terminal
Bulb
A
the bulb.
between
V=
Work
Quantityofcharge
W
=Q
2-7
EXPERIMENT 1:
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
(a)
Figure (a) and figure (b) show two electrical circuits.
Why do the bulbs light up with different intensity?
(b
)
Why do the ammeters show
different readings?
Apparatus / materials :
The current flowing through the bulb is influenced by the potential difference
across it.
(b) Hypothesis
(c) Aim
(d) Variables
(i) manipulated variable :
(ii) responding variable :
2-8
Physics Module
Form 5
Method
Chapter 2Electricity
GCKL
2011
:
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure.
2. Turn on the switch and adjust the rheostat so that the ammeter reads
the current, I= 0.2 A.
3. Read and record the potential difference, V across the wire.
Tabulation of
data
Analysis of data
Current,I/A
Volt, V/V
0.2
1.0
0.3
1.5
0.4
2.0
0.5
2.5
0.6
3.0
0.7
3.5
2-9
Physics Module
Form 5
Chapter 2- Electricity
Discussion
GCKL
2011
......................................................................................................................
Ohms Law
(a)
Ohms law states
I = constant
2-10
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
The cross-sectional
area of the
conductor, A
material of the
conductor
conductor, l
Diagram
Length of the
Factors
211
So
5.
Chapter 2- Electricity
i) Electric charge,
R=
or
Q = ( It / I
/t )
Q/V
EXERCISE 2.2
1. If a charge of 5.0 C flows through a wire and
GCKL 2011
21
2
Chapter 2- Electricity
6. Wh
at
is
the
4. When the potential difference across a bulb is 20 V,
val
the current flow is 3 A. How much work done to
ue
transform electrical energy to light and heat energy
of
in 50 s?
the
res
ist
or
in
the
fig
ur
5. Wh
e,
at
if
is
the
dr
the
y
pot
cel
ent
ls
ial
su
diff
pp
ere
ly
nce
2.0
V
acr
an
oss
d
a
the
lig
am
ht
me
bul
ter
b
rea
of
di
ng
resi
is
sta
0.5
nce
A?
5
wh
en
the
cur
ren
t
7. If
tha
the
t
bu
pas
lb
ses
in
thr
the
ou
fig
ur
gh
e
it is
ha
0.5
s a
A?
res
ist
an
Bulb
GCKL 2011
ce
of
6
,
wh
at
is
the
rea
din
g
sho
wn
on
the
am
me
ter,
if
the
dry
cell
s
sup
ply
3
V?
the
res
ist
or
of
3
in
the
fig
ur
e,
cal
cul
ate
the
vo
lta
ge
su
pp
lie
d
by
the
dr
y
cel
ls?
8. If a
cur
ren
t of
0.5
A
flo
ws
thr
ou
gh
213
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
5
12
V
Y
two
con
duc
tors
,X
(2) The
amount of electric
charge that passes through
the resistor in 30 s
I/A
3) I
2) Calculate the resistance
of conductor Y.
and
Y.
1) C
al
c
ul
at
e
th
e
re
si
V/V
X
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
2-14
2.3
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
1. Effective Resistance:
R=
2. Current:
3. Potential Difference:
V=
1. Effective Resistance:
R=
2. Current:
3. Potential Difference:
V=
Effective resistance, R
(a)
(b)
2-15
Chapter 2- Electricity
(d)
(c)
(e)
(f)
(h)
(g)
EXERCISE 2.3
1.
GCKL 2011
2-16
Physics Module Form 5
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL
2011
2.
3.
4.
2-17
Physics Module Form 5
2.4
GCKL
2011
Chapter 2- Electricity
Electromotive force
Figure (a)
Figure (b)
Voltmeter reading,
Voltmeter reading,
potential difference, V <
e.m.f., E
e.m.f.
E,r
e
n
t
fl
o
w
i
n
g
C
u
r
r
R
No current flow
2-18
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
2
1
9
3.
a)
Why is the potential difference across the
resistor not the same as the e.m.f. of the battery?
The potential drops as much as
Since
=
r
Ir
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
EXERCISE 2.4
1
A voltmeter connected directly across a
battery gives a reading of
1.5 V. The
voltmeter reading
drops to 1.35 V
when a bulb is
connected to the
battery and the
ammeter reading is
0.3 A. Find the
internal resistance
of the battery.
22
0
Chapter 2- Electricity
4
Find the voltmeter reading and the resistance,
R of the
resistor.
e.m.f.
GCKL 2011
/
V
2
/
A
2
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
Hence,
2.5
; where V = IR
Electrical Energy
; where I = V
R
the
SI unit :
SI unit
energy,E
3. Hence,
E = VQ
4. Power is defined as the rate of energy dissipated or transferred.
5. Hence,
Energy dissipated, E
Power, P =
time, t
dissipated or transferred by a
coulomb of charge, Q that moves
across the two points.
2. Therefore,
Potential difference, V =
Electrical Energy, E
From the definition of
potential difference, V
Electrical energy converted, E
; where Q = It
22
2
Chapter 2- Electricity
223
Power rating x
Pt
where
COST OF ENERGY
Appliance
Quantity
Power / W
Bulb
60
Refrigerator
400
Kettle
1500
Iron
1000
Cost
=
=
kWh
kWh x RM 0.28
= RM
GCKL 2011
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
EXERCISE 2.5
1. How much power dissipated in the bulb?
(1)
R = 10
5V
(b)
R = 10
R = 10
5V
2.
V= 15V
R1=2
R2=4
R3=4
Calculate :
(a) the current, I in the circuit
released in R 1 in 10 s.
2
2
4
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
22
5
Chapter 2- Electricity
GCKL 2011
4.
5.
A current of
5 A flows
through an
electric
heater when
it
is
connected to
the 240 V
main supply.
How much
heat is
released
after 2
minutes?
1
1
200
J
3
4
2
400
J
14
400
J
144
000
J
much
energ
el
y is
ec
used
tri
by
the
bu
bulb
lb
in
is
one
la
minu
be
te if
le
the
bulb
is
40
conn
V,
ected
60
to a
240V
powe
suppl
y?
2.
Diagram 1
6.
60 J
360 J
600 J
3600 J
resistors
a
d
v
e
r
t
i
s
e
m
e
n
t
b
o
ard when it
is switched
on for 2
hours ?
A
0.4
0A
0.2
5A
[ Charge of an
electron = 1.6 x 10 -19
C]
A 3.84 x 1011
What is
the value
of
current,
I?
B 1.67 x 1014
C 1.35 x 1018
1
2-26
0
.
4
5