Basi Knowled o Coa

Ran

CKI - 2014
C
Changsha Kaiyuan

Conte
nt
Overview
Coal formation, coal coa minin coa ran
l
g,
l
k,
seam,

Coal
Exploration
Application of coal

Coal quality
control
Coal sampling, sample

analys
is

Coal Formation
and Seam

Coal
Mining
The goal of coal mining is to obtain coal
from the
ground. According to the depth and
quality of the seams, and the geology
and environmental factors. Surface
mining and deep underground

Coal
Mining

Coal
Mining
Modern surface mining
Strip mining
Contour mining
Mountaintop removal mining

Underground mining

Coal
Ranks
Hilt's
law
Hilts law is a
term that states that, in
geological
a coal,
smallthe higher its
area, the deeper the
rank (grade).
The law holds true if the thermal gradient is
entirely
vertical, but metamorphism may cause

Coal
Ranks

Coal
Ranks
According to GB/T 5751-2009

Class Symb Cod

ol
e

Vdaf

HM1

51

>37

HM2

52

>37

Lignite

Paramet
er
Y(m
PM( Hdaf Qgr,maf(M
GR.I
b(%
m
%
( Jk g
)
)
)
)
%
3
0
2
>30
4
-5
0

Coal
Ranks

Clas
s

Symbol Code
PM
PS
SM
JM
1/3JM
FM

Bituminou
s

QF
QM

1/2ZN
RN
BN
CY

11
12
13
14
15
24
25
35
16
26
36
46
34
43
44
45
23
33
22
32
21
31
41
42

Vdaf
>10
>10
>10
20
>10
>20~2
8
>28~3
>10~2
>20~2
8
>28~3
7 >3
7
>28~3
7
>3
7
>20~2
>28~3
7
>20~2
>28~3
>20~2
>28~3
>3

Paramet
b(%) PM(%) Hdaf(%

GR.I
Y(mm

5
>520
>20~5
>50~6
>6
25 (150
>50~6
>6
25 150
>6
25 (220
(>150
(>85)
>25 (>150
)
(>220
)
(>85)
>25 (>220
)
>50~6
5
>35~5
0
>50~6
5 >6
25 (220
5
)
>30~5
0
>5~30

5
>5~35

>50

Qgr,maf(MJkg

Coal
Ranks
According to GB/T 5751-2009
Class Symb Cod
ol
e

Vdaf

WY1

3.5

Anthraci WY2
te
WY3

>3.5~
6.5
>6.5~
10

Paramet
er
Hdaf( Qgr,maf(MJ
GR.I Y(m b(% PM(%
% kg )
m)
)
)
)

2
>2~
3
>
3

Coal Reserves

Coal Production

Coal Production

Coal Consumption

Conte
nt
Overview
Coal formation, coal coa minin coa ran
l
g,
l
k,
seam,

Coal
Exploration
Application of coal

Coal quality
control
Coal sampling, sample

analys
is

Applicat o Co i Earl Usa

ion
f al n y
ge

Early uses as
fuel

Applicat o Co Nowad
ion
f al ays
fuel
Coal is primarily
a solid fuel produc
used
as and heat to
e
electricity
through
combustion.

How is Coal Converted to Electricity?

Coal as fuel: Proper CV, Low Sulfur, Low Ash

Applicat o Co Nowad
ion
f al ays
Coal &
Steel
70% of the steel produced today
uses
coal.
Metallurgical
or coking coal is a
coal
vital
ingredient in the
steel making
process.

How is Steel Produced?

Coal as fuel, reducing agent & skeleton:

narrow range of plasticity, volatility and low ash, low phosphorus & sulphur.

Coal &
Cement

Coal is used as an energy source in cement

production. 200 kg coal -one tonne cement,
300-400 kg cement -one cubic meter of concrete.

How is Cement Produced?

Coal as fuel (Rotary kiln) : :

High CV (+6000Kcal), High Volatile(18-30%), Low Sulfur, Low Moisture (-10%)

Application of Coal
Nowadays
Gasifcation &
Liquefaction
Coal gasification can be used to syng
produce
as
for powering a hydrogen
economy, making
ammonia, or upgrading fossil

Application of Nowad
Coal
ays
Production of
chemicals
The syngas can then be
a
fashioned
number ofinto
useful chemical
lik
building blocks,
e
methanol or acetyls for example.
Ammonia and urea are significant
products of
coal-to-chemicals for use in

Applicat o Co
ion
f al
2
%
6
%

5
%

power
generation
ironmaking and
steelmaking
cement
manufacture
87
%

other
s

Applicat o Co
ion
f al

Usag
ofcoa

Stea
m
coa

Cokin
g
coa

Environmental
Effects
A number of adverse health, and
environmental
effects
ofand
coalofburning
exist,
stations,
coal mining,
including:
Waste products, including fly ash, ash
,
andbottom
flue-gas desulfurization
sludge
Acid rain from high sulfur
coal
Interference with
causes
groundwater
Impact
ofglobal
water and land climate
change
and
warming

Conte
nt
Overview
Coal formation, coal coa minin coa ran
l
g,
l
k,
seam,

Coal
Exploration
Application of coal

Coal quality
control
Coal sampling, sample

analys
is

Coal
Supplier

Supply Qualified

CKIC

Coal
Consumer

Superintending
Company

Research
Institute

Buy Suitable Coal

Good Results
Consulting

Innovation &
Development

Co Quality
al Control
Coal an organic material which
is
oxidises/ and
decomposes
degrades. A special
care is to be
taken while handling, processing,
storage and of

Coal Quality
Control
From Suppliers Side
For exactly meet the customers requirements;

From consumers Side

The coal quality control at consuming plant are
able to ensure that coal used is exactly suitable
for boiler or Kiln, maximize the combustion
efficiency and ensure safety.

Coal
Quality

Contr
ol

Why
Sample?
Main purpose sampling to obtain
of
isportion of
a the whole
representative
cargo to
verify the quality of coal in support of
commercial

Coal Quality
Control
Coal is a heterogeneous and contain
material
many
components,
and
that all components
are be done in such a
recognised.
A sample collected in such a manner that
every particle
in the lot sampled is equally represented in
the gross or
Representa
tive
sampl

Coal Quality
Control
Proced o co analys
ure

Co
al
Sampli

f al is?

Samp
le
Preparat

Co
al
Analy

Coal Quality
Control
Steam Coal
Testing
Proximate analysis in
Coal
Calorific Value
Total Sulfur
Ultimate Analysis
Fusion
Ash
Hardgrove
Inde
Grindability
x
.....
.

Coal Quality
Control
Ash content
Mineral matter in the coal is retained as
mineral
ash
inblend
the coke high ash means
less carbon
an
in the coke
d
more
slag volume
Volatile
matterin the furnace.
Higher volatile matter, results in lower coke
yield .

Phosphorus
Sulfur
Both elements
brittle
and crack causes the product steel
initiation.

Coal Quality
Control
Crucible Swelling
Number
when
Fluidity
plastic
heated
Gieseler
Plastome
Indices
Testing
tric
G index expansion/contrac during
coking
Dilatomet tion
Analysis
erGray King Coking
Type
Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) + Coke
Strength after
Reaction
(CSR)

Testing SchemeASTM

Testing
Scheme- ISO

Testing
Scheme- GB

End of
Presentation!!!