Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INDIAN
ROADS CONGRESS
2014
https://archive.org/details/govlawircy1984sp11_0
IRC:SP:11-1984
HANDBOOK OF QUALITY
CONTROL FOR CONSTRUCTION
OF ROADS AND RUNWAYS
(Second Revision)
Published by
New
Delhi 110011
1984
Price ^
(Plus packing
300
& postage)
IRC:SP:11-1984
July,
First Published
First
1973
December, 1977
Revision
Reprinted
October, 1983
Second Revision
April, 1984
Reprinted
September, 1989
Reprinted
January, 1994
Reprinted
January, 1997
Reprinted
September, 2000
Reprinted
April,
Reprinted
January, 2003
Reprinted
Reprinted
December, 2004
October, 2005
Reprinted
July,
Reprinted
February, 2008
Reprinted
June, 2009
Reprinted
June,
Reprinted
December, 2012
2002
2006
2010
(Rights of Publication
Printed at
New Delhi
(1000 copies)
- 1
10064
Contents
Page
Introduction
CHAPTER
General
...
CHAPTER 2
Earthwork
...
13
CHAPTER 3
Sub-base Courses
...
23
CHAPTER 4
Base Courses
...
39
CHAPTER 5
...
53
CHAPTER 6
Concrete Pavements
...
65
CHAPTER 7
75
to Quality Control...
85
Surface Evenness
CHAPTER 8
Statistical
Approach
APPENDICES
1.
Roads Congress
...
97
...
98
...
100
4.
Sample forms
...
112
...
125
...
128
2.
List
of
test
in the text
and
6.
INTRODUCTION
process
(2) that
as to be realistic
(3
basic
(4) that
all
and
handbook giving
handbook be
that the
In
the following
members was
Committee
consisting of
M.K. Chatterjee
(2) Shri
4,
Convenor
Member
(5)
Dr. R.K.
(6) Shri
(7) Dr.
Ghosh
T.K. Natarajan
M.L. Puri
R.P. Sikka
Dr. Bh. Subbaraju
(8) Shri
(9)
(11)
CO.
Swaminathan
Dr. H.L. Uppal
(10) Prof.
Handbook:
Introduction
The above Committee,
in turn,
constituted
SubcommitCommittee
main tentative
four
Later, the
decided
required
summary
for circula-
The
Recommendations
Subcommittee
of
the
in light
Prof.
C.G.
Swaminathan,
M.L. Puri was formed to complete
comprising
Congress.
Revision) to incorpo-
General
1
General
CHAPTER
GENERAL
Need
1.1.
Quality control
1.1.1.
process and
1.1.2.
It is
common knowledge
improved
leading to constructions of
transportation
quality
benefits,
is
highly
average project
control
On
just
the
in as
much
as on an
J to 2 per
direct
extra cost of
economical proposition,
uniformity, and
The
maintenance.
being only a
estimated that
it is
would be
and
control
end
utilisation
exercising
quality
and
indirect
1.2.
The
tions are
(i)
Construction
specifications
and
estimates
should
provide
for
General
Adequately trained staff and
control should be set up.
(ii)
equipped
Periodic appraisal
(iii)
only for
improvements
possible
quality
in
and
control
construction
techniques themselves.
(iv)
1.3.
1.3.1.
The requirements of a quality control organisation will
obviously vary on different projects depending on the departmental
set-up of the concerned highway agency. For. example, the organisation of quality control
work
at a
scattered projects.
the organisation
discussed.
The
chapter
In this
of quality
actual set-up
only the
control
work
may be
evolved
handbook a
typical
at
in the
background
pattern of quality
ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF/
CHIEF ENGINEER
I
DIRECTOR
Head of quality
REGIONAL LABORATORIES
Headed by Executive Engineer Q/C
all
Field Laboratory
it
with the
of the work
will deal
site
General
1.3.2.
In any organisational set-up, che central agency has
an important role as regards implementation of quality control
standards by way of drafting and constant review of the quality
in
specifications.
The
would normally invo-
construction
the
in the field
Engineer-in-
Chacge, the constructing agency ^nd the quality control team. The
construction staff and quality control teams must have distinctly
defined functions and inter-relationships so as to avoid possible
The quality control team may consist of staff of regional
conflicts.
laboratories and field laboratories working under the technical
direction of the Central Laboratory.
As
1.3.3.
fed to the
site
engineer,
well as to the
view
Head
of the
ensure
to
specifications in
This
back.
as
the
latter
Engineer/Chief Engineer as
Central Laboratory; to the former with
continuity
practice,
and
as
and
well
to the
may be regarded
subject to review
is
In addition,
Superintending
be submitted to the
a
collected
quality
as
as
compatibility of the
latter for
tentative
modification, as and
purpose of feed-
recommendation,
mulates.
either in
other Laboratory.
work
To provide
may be
should be afforded by
Central Laboratory or any
the cost of quality control, it is
facilities
own
for
estimates.
1
.4.
1.4.1.
One
their
is
generally
control
known
during
the
have emerged
construction of works.
as *Process control' and the other as 'End
General
6
rcsuU' type of
control.
former,
In the
the
result.
In the
product.
The choice of
1.4.2.
of judgment, depending
is
largely a matter
the
In the 'End
1.4.3.
intervals
to
ments or
not.
result*
carry out
down
type
of
specification,
the field
engineering personnel
is
executed
is
in the
tests
to
in specifications.
1.4.4.
The
tion of ^Process*
and 'End
result*
Handbook
is
1.5.
SpecilBcations for
of
Indian
Work
essential
work.
General
Control of Materials
1.6.
The
1.6.1.
brought
intended essentially
However,
to site.
to be carried out
at times,
on
from practical
"
1.6.2.
brought
to the
site shall
be stacked
1.7.
The
work
shall be in
drawn
consolidated
Appendix
list
of the
standards
in the
Handbook.
title is
at
2,
tests shall
1 .8.
the
may be
Acceptance Criteria
sufficient
experience
General
8
may be
minimum
based on
as
is
considered judicious.
For
1.9.2.
it
effective control
will
down
Range of Equipment
1.10.
for
Testing Laboratory
1.10.1.
and
dix 3
testing
field
for
Handbook.
units
could be suitably
equipped with the help of this list depending on the type and
volume of work to be controlled. Special equipment as given in the
appendix can be procured depending upon the requirement.
1.10.2.
Testing facilities
Testing
facilities
should comprise
laboratory
headquarterswill
at
(a)
(s)
at
headquarters,
The Central
provide
as
testing
regional labora-
(c) act
as
the
nodal
in the
State
The Regional laboratories located at circle level will be headed by Executive Engineers (Quality Control) assisted by scientists
from Geology, Physics and Chemistry disciplines. Regional laboratories will provide testing support to the (a) Engineers working in
the circles and (b) Research teams from Central and State Highway
R&D
In
institutions.
training
of
all
suggested equipment
given at Appendix
It is
all facilities
be
provided
in
The
for
list
Regional laboratories
of
is
3.
General
tests
way
the
all
to the
want of
test results.
level of Junior
Appendix
3.
1.11.
The
be carried out
in
1.12.
and
knowledge of methods of testing, regular workshops
on quality control should be held. To make the participants aware
to
up date
their
specifications,
criteria,
1.13.
1.13.1.
for the
ctions.
It
is
This
general
number of
facets of
runway constructions
as well.
Earthwork
Earthwork
11
CHAPTICR
EARTHWORK
General
2.1;
2.1.1.
It is
to
ensure
the
increased
density
if
circumstances so warrant.
Discussion of other aspects such as the
2.1.2.
minimum
equipment, thickness
of layer, etc., are considered to be outside the scope of this
chapter.
For guidance in this respect, reference should be made
36-1970 "Recommended
specifications, IRC
to the relevant
densities to be obtained, selection of rolling
Practice
for
Construction of Earth
Embankments
for
Road
Works".
2.2.
2.2.2.
bankment
selection of materials for construction of the embe made after conducting necessary soil surveys
The
shall
and laboratory
IRC
36-1970.
Earthwork
14
2.2.3.
Only approved materials should be
body of the embankment.
2.2.4.
paction, the
embankment
To
utilised
in
com-
obtain adequate
shall be constructed in
uniform
the
layers.
Due
requirements.
2.2.5.
After adjusting the moisture content whether at the
road side or at borrow area, (making due allowance for evaporation losses), the soil shall be processed by means of graders,
harrows, rotary mixers, other suitable equipment or even manually
if no equipment is available until the moisture distribution is reasonably uniform. Clods or hard lumps of earth where present shall be
The tolerance
per cent.
2.2.*^.
Densities to be aimed at in the compaction process
be chosen with jdue regard to factors such as soil type, height
of embankment, drainage conditions, position of the individual
layers and type of plant available for compaction.
shall
density
Earthwork
15
Compaction
Trial
2.3.
In situations
2.3.1.
concerning the
equipment relating
desirable
to
conduct
is
available,
it
may
be
field trials
to
2.3.2.
A test area about 20 m long and 5 m wide is prepared
removing the top soil.
The fill material to be used is spread
over this area, the depth of the loose layer being 25 cm. The
after
mositure
content of the
soil
dry densities are plotted against the number of roller passes. From
graph, the approximate number of passes required for the compaction equipment to obtain the specified dry density is determined.
this
2.4.
2.4.1.
Quality of
fill
material
and
its
compaction
shall
paction
process,
or the
However,
directed.
in
be
com-
2.4.2.
2.5.
2.5.1.
The
of several
factors
their
in-
Earthwork
16
on borrow
particular tests
for
niat'^rials,
to routine cases.
embankment
construction.
The frequency of
project.
the
minimum number
for
each kind of
2.5.2.
of tests to be conducted.
Gradation (IS:
of soil.
The test
checks using gradation
selecting
be
the
soil.
soil.
2.5.3.
test
m^ of
each kind of
for
soil.
8000
At
sliould
m^
least,
tests per
one
8000
soil.
2.5.4.
Proctor
test
(IS:
This test
is
2.5.5.
The
soil
The
m^
of
soil.
shall
organic matter
tively.
8000
be free of harmful
(permissible
tests will
salts like
limits) of 0.2
be done as and when required.
Earthwork
17
Natural
2.5.6.
(Second Reyision)
coneent
moistare
One
test for
(IS
every 250
2720 Part
of
soil.
11-1973)
The natural
moisture content of the soil coming out of the borrowpits will have
determined in order to evaluate how far the natural moisture
to be
Table
2.5.7.
materials discussed
gives
2.1.
above
along
quencies.
2.6.
Compaction Control
2.6.1.
Compaction
namely, control of
moisture
2.6.2.
Moistare content determinations: Moisture content
determinations for compaction control shall be in addition to those
on borrow material spelt out in Clause 2.5.6. This test is necessary
Except when
otherwise
measurement of density shall be made for
each 1000 m^ of compacted area. Test locations shallbe chosen
only through predetermined random sampling techniques. Control
shall not be based on the result of anyone test but on the mean
value of 5-10 density determinations. The number of tests in one
set of measurements shall be 5 as long as it is felt that sufficient
control over borrow material and the method of compaction was
being exercised. But if there be any doubt about this control, or
2.6.3.
Density
measurements
variations
are
Earthwork
18
mean
number of
and standard
deviation
(refer
Chapter
8),
the
density
tests in
one
set
Clause
2.6.3.
2.6.5.
of
tests
Table
S.No.
2.1.
minimum
desirable frequency
Miniiniim
He^iravOiA
iVllil Jill t4 III Vi
Test
ble frequency
Gradatlon*/Saodcontent
IS:
2.
Plasticity index
IS:
3.
Standard Proctor
1.
of
m*
soil
-do-
-do-
VIM965
Test
4.
GBR
on a set of
specimens**
IS:
2720 Part
XVM965
One
2720 Part
XXVIM968
As
5.
Deleterious constituents
IS:
6.
Natural moisture
content
If specifications
call for
such
tests.
required
One
of
per 3000 m
test
test
soil
per 250
m*
Earthwork
19
Table
S.
No.
2.2.
Minimum
Test method
Test
desirable
frequency
Moisture content
just before
Dry
compaction
density
of compacted layer
XXVIII-
mm
Sub-base Courses
3
Sub-base
Courses
21
CHAPTER
SUB-BASE COURSES
3.
General
3.1.1.
Chapter
Stone Soling
(i)
Brick Soling
(ii)
(iii)
(iv) Soil-Gravel/
(vii)
(viii)
3.2.
Moorum
Sub-base
(v)
(vi)
StODe Soling
3.2.1.
3.2.1.1.
moded
in this
General
as a sub-base
owing to
its
is
gradually
inferior
becoming
out-
ties as
However, where
3.2.2.
3.2.2.1.
it is still
sink
Materials
Before incorporation
quarry or
3.2.2.2.
into
in
the
specification
at the site.
The stones
shall
be
granite,
limestone,
sandstone,
other
6.
Sub-base Courses
24
Processing and construction
3.2.3.
Preparation of subgrade
3.2.3.1.
checked for
line,
All irregularities
The subgrade
shall
be
ruts
shall
be
and rolled
corrected
until firm.
Soling work
3.2.3.2.
shall be kept in
The stones
shall be laid
(ii)
filler
by wedging
first
material accompained by
in
spalls
specified.
rolling.
Rolling
(iii)
shall
commence
at
the
edges,
progressing
gradually
towards the centre parallel to the centre line *of the road except at
superelevated portions where it shall proceed from the inner edge
to the outer.
The
(iv)
3.2.4.
3.2.4.1.
as their
Table
be checked
as indicated in Chapter
line,
level
and
regularity
minimum
desirable
3.1.
Table
S.
for
7.
No.
Test
3.1.
Test method
Minimum
desirable
frequency
1.
2.
(Pari IV)
Plasticity index
IS:
of
filler
material
3.
IS: 2386
2720
(Part
test
One
test
per 25
V) 1963
Vide
Chapter 7
finish
One
1963
Regularly
m*
25
Sub'base Courses
Rectification of sorface irregularities
3.2.5.
manner
following
When
beyond
3.2.5.1
Chapter
in
shall
be
rectified
in
the
is
low,
the
soling
shall
In
permitted.
Brick-Soling
3.3.
General
3.3.1.
may
3.3.1.1.
layers either
flat
be laid in one or
more
or on edge.
Materials
3.3.2.
3.3.2.1.
shall
and brickbats
shall not
Bricks
be used.
3.3.2.2.
a plasticity
3.3.3.
3.3.3.1.
Preparation of subgrade:
Clause
3.3.3.2.
Soling work
The following points
mind while executing the work
:
shall be kept in
(i)
(ii)
The
bricks shall be
hand
laid with
fied.
(iii)
the bricks
The material used for filling the interstices shall be sand or any other
mineral matter with plasticity index not exceeding 6*.
3.3.4.
3.3.4.1.
Quality control tests on the materials and the work
and their minimum desirable frequency shall be as indicated in
Table 3.2.
26
Sub-base Courses
Tablf. 3.2.
No.
S.
Test
Minimum
method
Test
desirable
frequency
1.
Crushing strength of
IS:
bricks
5 bricks to be tested
3495
(Part
to
IV)- 1973
First Revision
2.
Water absorption of
IS:
bricks
(Parts
to
50,<'Uw'
bricks
3495
i
every
for
-do
One
lest
V) 1973
First Revision
3.
Plasticity
index of
IS:
2720
per 25 m'
(Part V)--1970
material
filler
First Revision
3.4.
bound macadam
shajll be constructed with oversized aggregates of 40-90 mm size. The
materials used and the work shall conform to the requirements of
IRC: 19-1977 and their quality shall be controlled on the same
lines as outlined in Chapter 4 for water bound macadam base
General
3.4.1.
For use
as sub-base water
course.
Soil-Gravel/Moorum* Sub-base
3.5.
3.5.1.
moorum,
General
soil-gravel mixtures
is
constructed
using
grade materials.
3.5.2.
Materials
3.5.3.
3.5.3.1.
The materials
down.
shall be in
accordance with
Preparation of sabgrade
Clause
usually given to
27
Sub-base Courses
Construction of sub-base
3.5.3.2.
shall be kept in
(i)
(ii)
commence
The following
work
the
content
points
of
at the
the centre parallel to the centre line of the road, except at superele-
Rolling
shall
it
be
shall
continued
till
the specified
density
achieved.
(iii)
The
from movement
After rolling, the sub-base layer shall be checked for density, the
shall be the same as
Clause 2.6.4. This presupposes that Proctor density is
known through prior testing.
control
set out in
(v)
tests
Table
S.
No.
3.3.
Minimum
Test
Test
method
1.
Gradation
IS
2720
(Part
Plasticity
IS : 2720
(Part V) 1970
3.
IS : 2720
(Part 1 1) -1973
(First Revision)
4.
Deleterious constituents
IS:
5.
2720
IS
One
test
IV) 1965
2.
(Part
desirable
frequency
-do-
One
As
test
required
XXVII)
2720
One
test
(Part II)-1973
(Second Revision)
6.
IS 2720
One test per 500
(Part XXVIII) 1966
7.
Vide
Chapter 7
thickness
and surface
m-
Regularly
finish
8.
CB II
IS
of design only.
2720
(Part
As
required
XVI)-1965
the Specifications,
is
28
Sub-base Courses
RectilScation of surface irregularities
3.5.5.
Where
3.5.5.1.
layer
fall
surface
tolerances given
Chapter
in
7, the
3.6.
3.6.1.
General
types,
3.6.2.
Materials
The blending/grafting
3.6.2.1.
stabilization shall be
3.6.3.
3.6.3.1.
Preparation of subgrade
3.6.3.2.
Clause
stabilized soil
The following
mind while executing the work
In all cases,
it
shall
layer processed.
(iii)
Degree of pulverisation
(iv)
Grading and
shall
plasticity
be checked.
shall be as specified.
29
Sub-base Courses
(v)
general
in
it
the
is
same
be ensured
shall
be
as the
that
commence
Rolling shall
the
centre
parallel
at the edges,
the centre
to
it
to the outer.
till
the specified
density
is
reached.
(viii)
The
loose material.
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
The surface
The
in
(xii)
compaction,
known through
for
the control
density
is
prior testing.
level
line,
and
regularity
7.
3.6.4.
3.6.4.1.
their
minimum
3.6.5.
3.6.5.1.
Where
be
rectified.
suitably
surface irregularity
If the surface
compacted.
If
it is
is
too high,
of material to
requirements.
stabilized
be
it
shall
layer
same shall
trimmed
be
and
7, the
type
of the
used
30
Sub-base Courses
Table
S.
No.
3.4.
Minimum
Test
Test
method
IS
2386
(Part
2.
3.
Water absorption* of
aggregates
IS
One
test
per 200 m*
One
test
per 200
IV) 1963
2386
m*
Degree of pulverisation
i^iasiiciiy
desirable
frequency
Regularly
iDQcA oi miAeu
IS
material
2720
ly/v
^^rari
1000 m
(First Revision)
<
6.
OdllU WUUlCUl
material
VII
IS
LUlAvU
compaction
7.
Dry
8.
density of
layer
2720
(rart IV)
compacted
IS
ao
lyOD
IS 2720
(rart 11) ly/i
(Second Revision)
2720
One
test
One
test per
per 250
m*
500 m*
1966
9.
thickness
and surface
CBR
on material**
test
mixed
at site (a set
Vide Chapter 7
Regularly
finish
of 3
IS
2720
(Part
One
test
per 3000 m*
XVI)-1965
specimens)
10.
Deleterious constituents
IS
2720
As required
XXVII)
1968
(Part
Where
This
3.7.
applicable.
Lime
Stabilized
Soil/Moorum
3.7.1.
General: Besides lime stabilized soil, this sub-section
covers constructions involving stabilization with lime of materials
like
moorum.
3.7.2.
Materials
Lime, at delivered at site, shall be
checked for purity and available calcium oxide content as specified.
:
Sub-base Courses
31
3.7.3,
Preparation of subgrade
3.7.3.1.
Clause
3.7.3.2.
Stabilization :
The following points
mind while executing the work
shall be kept in
(i)
Stabilization shall
If single
machinery like ploughs and disc harrows shall be made use of. In
every case, it shall be ensured that the plant used and methods
adopted are capable of pulverising the soil to specified degree over
the full thickness of layer being processed and of achieving the
mixing and uniformity of the stabilized material to desired degree.
(ii)
In the case of
manual mixing,
it
Degree of pulverisation
(iv)
Mixing
(v)
soil
shall be as specified.
shall
been
visible.
The
lime content values shall conform to the following (also see foot note
under Table
(a)
3.5)
Moving average of
10 tests not
lo
be
less
lime content.
(b)
No
test
value to
L*e
less
content.
(vi)
(vii)
(viil)
It shall
soil
Rolling shall
commence
towards
the centre parallel to the centre line of the road, except at superele-
outer.
shall
it
achieved.
(Ix)
Care
shall
32
Sub-base Courses
(x)
The surface after rolling shall be well closed, free from movement
under compaction plant, and any compaction planes, ridges, cracks
or loose material.
(xi)
After rolling, the sub-base layer shall be checked for compaction the
control and the permitted tolerances of which shall be the
same as set
is known
The
finished
line, level
(xiii)
and
The surface on completion shall be cured for 7 days soon after which
subsequent pavement courses shall be laid to prevent the surface
from drying out and becoming
friable.
No
traffic
of any description
3.7.4.
Quality control
3.7.4.1.
minimum
Where for any
their
same
shall
tests
desirable
3.5.
the
practice.
3.7.5.
3.7.5.1.
falls
outside
Where
the
Chapter
7,
the
same
shall be rectified.
3.7.5.2.
suitably
Where
surface
the
is
3.7.5.3.
However,
is
When
moved from
specified.
the
33
Sub-base Courses
Tablr
Mo
csl
csi
3.5.
rncmua
iviiniiiiuii] ucsiritDic
frequency
Purity of lime and available calcium oxide
1.
IS: 1514-1959
One
test
consignment
to
for each
subject
minimum of one
test
per 5 tonnes of
lime
7.
tely after
3.
Degree of pulverisation
4.
Dry density of
ted layer
compac-
2720
(Part II)-1973
(Second Revision)
IS:
One
test
per 250 m^
IS:
ber, thickness
2720
One
test
per 250
One
test
m'
(Part XXVIII)-1966
6.
1514@-1959
Regularly
compaction
5.
IS:
mixing
Vide
Chapter 7
Regularly
IS: 2720
One
and surface
finish
CBR
7.
mixed
test
on materials*
at site (a set
of 3
test
per 3000
m^
(Part XVI)-1965
specimens)
Deleterious
of soil
8.
constituents
IS:
As required
2720
(Part
XXVI)-1973
(First Revision)
@This
it
test
will
processing.
Unless otherwise
3.8.
Cement Modified
is
Soil
General
3.8.1.
3.8.1.1.
Cement modified
soil is
envisaged to be with
lower
from soil-cement
3.8.2.
3.8.2.1.
sulphate
shall
Soil
content of
more than
shall not
have
be checked for compliance with the requirements of IS: 2691489-1967 (First Revision)
applicable.
The quantity of cement for incorporation shall
be expressed as a percentage by weight of dry soil. This shall be
predetermined on the basis of laboratory tests.
as
34
Sub-base Courses
Processing and construction
3.8.3.
Clause
3.8.3.1.
Preparation of subgrade
3.8.3.2.
soil
sub-base
The operations involved in processing and construction of cementmodified soil are the same as those for lime stabilized soil except
that the stabilizing material will be cement instead of lime.
As
such,
Clause
3.7.3.2.
apply
shall
interval
shall
3.8.4.
soil
maximum
time
control
Quality
tests
No.
S.
3.6.
Test method
Test
Minimum
desirable
frequency
1.
Deleterious constituents
IS
2720
(Part
2.
Quality of cement
3.
4.
5.
IS
269/455/1489
As required
XXVII)-1968
-doOne
test
per 250 m*
mixing
Degree of pulverisation
Moisture content prior to
Regularly
compaction
IS 2720
(Part II)-1973
Dry density
IS
m^
One
test
per 250
One
test
per 500 m-
(Second Revision)
6.
2720
(Part XXVIII)-1966
thickness
and
surface
Vide
Chapter 7
Regularly
finish
8.
CBR
mixed
test
at
on materials*
site
(a set of 3
IS
2720
One
test
per 3000
(Part XVI)-1965
specimens)
@Under
This
test
is
35
Sub-base Courses
of surface Irregularities
Rectification
3.8.5.
time
shall
Sand-bitumen
3.9.
Clause
spelled
criterion
3.7.5.
out
in
in this case.
Mix
J.9.1.
General : Sand-bitumen can* be used both as subbase and base, the composition being designed accordingly.
Materials
3.9.2.
3.9.2.1.
finer than
Sand
shall
75-micron sieve
3.9.2.2.
content in
laboratory.
3.9.3.
shall
3.9.3.1.
Preparation of subgrades
3.9.3.2.
Sand-bitumen
mix
laying
Mix proportions of
Where sand
is
found to be wet,
it
shall
binder.
(ill)
binder.
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Ibis
The
site
It
and
shall
if
the binder
is
a cut-
then be regarded to
specified.
(vii)
Provisions
Clause
(viii)
rolling
(ix)
regarding
The
in
shall
in
3.7.3.2. (viii-x).
layer
shall
down.
line,
level
and icgularity
'
Sub-base (Jourses
36
Control tests and
3.9.4.
frequency
their
tests
Table
S.
No.
Test
Plasticity index
2.
IS
IS
Quality
minimum
control
desirable
3.7.
3.7.
Test method
Minimum
IS 2720
(Part IV) 1965
As required
1.
their
desirable
frpniipnrv
of sand
IS
731961
2171961
As required
2720
(Part
V) 1970
(First Revision)
-do-
3.
Quality of binder
IS
4.
Method, vide
Appendix-4
73/217
One
per 50
test
m'
to a min. of
subject
sand bitumen
mix by Hubbard-Field
^Stability of
5.
ASTM-D-1138
One
test
IS 2720
(Part XXVIII)
One
test for
50
for
m^
method
6.
7.
500 m"
1966
Vide
Chapter 7
'
Regularly
finish
stability
criterion.
3.9.5.
Rectification
of
surface
irregularities
The
rectification shall
be
7,
Where
sub-base
layer
Chapter
it
mix
is
the
outside
shall be rectified.
is
still
workable.
be suitably trimmed
Where the
while taking care not to disturb the material below.
surface is too low, the depressed areas shall be filled up with
Where
the surface
is
same
shall
specification*.
Base
Cc;
rses
4
Base Courses
37
CHAPTER
BASE COURSES
4.
General
4.1.1.
Chapter
dealt
with
in
this
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Surfaced
Unsurfaced
BitumiDous penetration
(c) Built-up-spray
(d)
macadam
grout
Bituminous macadam
(e)
Soil-cement base
(f)
Lean concrete
(g)
(h) Sand-
bitumen base
4.2.
General
4.2.1.
base
are
course
surfacing.
shall
generally
be
in
Materials
checked
in
advance of
4.2.3.
4.2.3.1.
WBM
construction,
binding material
quarry or
shall
be
at site.
Preparation of subgrade/sub-base
This
shall
be
40
Base Courses
surface
shall
be
scarified
and reshaped
to the required
grade and
camber.
4.2.3.2.
The following
(ii)
(iii)
points shall be
attended to
carefully
checked by
rear
half width.
subgrade/sub-base.
However, where
be continued
until
is
as
continued.
not
to
Vehicles
disturb
to
fill
carrying
the
coarse
aggregates.
should be ensured
(v) It
damaged due
that
to addition
sub-base/subgrade does
the
not
get
construction.
(vi)
Binding material,
of screenings.
if
It
required, shall
shall
achieved.
(vii)
No
traflBc shall
treated water
after the
(viii)
The
in
be allowed
till
the
macadam
sets.
macadam
base
is
In case of surface
shall
be laid only
completely dried.
line,
level
and
regularity
Base Courses
4.2.4.
on the
4:
materials
and
work and
tiie
Table
in
Table
S.
No.
their
minimum
desirable
4.1.
4.1.
Test method
Test
Minimum
desirable
frequency
1.
3.
IS:
IS:
screenings
(Part
IS:
Rectification
of
V)-1970
Vide
Chapter
surface
test
test
per 200 m
One
IS: 2720
4.2.5.
I) 1983
One
2386
(Part
5.
I) 1963
test
per 200
One
2386
(Part
4.
One
2386
(Part IV)--1963
test
per 25 m'
Regularly
7
irregularities:
Where
the
Bituminous reuerration
4.3.
4.3.1.
macadam
General:
base shall
in
Macadam
Cv)nstruction
general
be
IRC: 20-1966.
bituminous
of
penetration
of materials and
work
42
Base Courses
4.3.2.
Materials
Coarse
4.3.2.1.
checked for
IRC: 20-1966.
aggregates
conformity
Bituminous binder
4.3.2.2.
uith
The
the
4.3.3.
be
in
The binder
should
aggregates
requirements stipulated
shall
checked for
be
may be
its
required.
4.3.3.1.
Preparation
of subgrade/sub-base
Clause
4.2.3.1.
shall apply.
4.3.3.2.
course
shall
macadam
be given proper
base
attention
during construction:
(i)
(ii)
shall
7).
(iv)
The
specified
The ends of
Key
be immediately removed.
stones shall
be
uniformly
spread
immediately
The
surface shall be
broomed
after
the
manual means.
rolled.
4.3.4.
Quality control
Control tests and their frequencies
on the materials and the work and their minimum desirable
frequencies shall be as indicated in Table 4.2.
:
tests
43
Base Courses
Table
s.
No.
4.2.
Minimum
Test method
Test
desirable
frequency
1.
IS:
One
2386
test
per 200 m
(Part IV\
2.
AcorPDntp ornHiition-
IS:
2386
(Part
3.
IS: 2386
Fiakiness index
(Part
IV/V/ 111
I) 1963
One
test
per 200
One
test
m'
I) 1963
6241-1971
4.
Stripping value
IS:
5.
Quality of binder
IS: lli2\5ll\llA54,
As reouired
6.
Method
Regularly
vide
Annendix 4
7.
do-
Regularly
aggregates
8.
Temperature of binder
Regularly
at
application
9.
Vide Chapter 7
Regularly
4.3.5.
4.4.
4.4.1.
General:
of materials and
work
shall
be
Bituminous
General
same lines
macadam.
cuntrolled on the
4.5.1.
4.2.5.
4.5.
Vide Clause
as
Macadam
Construction
of
bituminous
macadam
44
Base Courses
4.5.2.
Materials
The aggregates
Coarse aggregates
requirements spelt out in IRC:27-1967.
4.5.2.1.
for the
Bituminous binder
4.5.2.2.
4.5.3.
checked
4.5.3.1.
shall apply.
first
shall be
Preparation of subgrade/sub-base
Clause
4.2.3.1.
cleaned,
Construction of bituminous
macadam
Proper atten-
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
carried
16''C or
roller,
etc.,
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Mix
shall be
and camber.
using a paver-finisher to
Temperature of the
mix
The
roller shall
leading.
Rolling shall
45
Base Courses
(ix)
Longitudinal
joints
and edges
shall
and
the
full
All joints
material.
(x)
Traffic shall
cooled
(xi)
The
down
till
checked for
line, level
and
regularity in
7.
4.5.4.
Control tests and their frequencies : Quality control
on the materials and the work and their frequencies shall be
as indicated in Table 4.3.
tests
Table
S.
No.
Test
4.3.
Minimum
Test
method
1.
Quality of binder
IS:
73-1961
desirable
frequency
As required
(Revison)
2.
3.
Flakiness index of
aggregate
IS: 2386
(Part rV)-1964
IS:
-do-
2386
(Part
I) 1963
4.
Stripping value of
aggregate
IS:
62411971
5.
Mix grading
IS:
2386
(Part
I) 1963
doTwo
tests
on both the
ents
and
per day
consitu-
mixed
Control of temperature of
binder and aggregate and
of the mix at the time of
Regularly
laying
7.
mix
Method
vide
App. 4
Periodic, subject to
minimum
tests
per
plant
8.
and surface
finish
Vide Chapter 7
Regularly
of two
day per
46
Base Courses
Rectification
4.5.5.
surface
of
surface
irregalarities
macadam
irregularities
rectified as
4.6.
Where
7,
the
base
these shall be
4.2.5.
Soil-Cement Base
4.6.1.
construction
is
4.6.2.
Materials
Clause
3.8.2.
4.6.3.
4.6.3.1.
Clause
3.2.3.1.
shall apply.
Preparing
4.6.3.2.
and
base
laying soil-cement
Clause
4.6.4.
on
materials and
shall
work and
be as indicated
dure of testing
is
in
Table
their
4.4.
minimum
Where for any test, the procesame shall be carried out as per
The strength of
the material
mixed
set
of ten test
results,
tests.
It
the
per cent.
4.6.5.
shall apply.
Rectification
of surface irregularities
Clause
3.8.5.
47
Base Courses
Table
S.
No.
4.4.
Minimum
Test
Test
As rcqu
IS : 2720-1968
(Part XXVII)
Deleterious constituents of
1.
soil
- do
2.
Quality of cement
3.
Cement content
4.
Degree of pulverisation
5.
IS
6.
Dry
IS 2720
(Part XXVIII)-1968
7.
Cube
8.
ials
IS 269/455/
1489
:
One
strength
mixed
per 250 m=
-do-
2720
(Part II)-1973
and surface
test
red
do
density
thickness
desirable
frequency
method
One
test
per 500 m-
Vide Chapter 7
Regularly
IS: 516-1959
One
finish
of mater-
at site (a set
of
of
test for
50 m
mX
2 specimens)
Under
4.7.
Lean Concrete
4.7.1.
4.7.1.1.
General
This type of construction
is
suitable as
base both
4.7.2.
Materials
All
materials,
viz.
specification requirements.
shall be
fied
4.7.3.
4.7.3.1.
of
sub-grade/sub-base/base
In addition,
CIduse
is
to
be
48
Base Courses
laid over
shall
latter
be
concrete
the
mortar.
4.7.3.2.
tion should
work
be paid
to the
Atten-
(i)
Unless otherwise permitted, the mix shall be prepared in a powerdriven batch mixer of approved type.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
avoided.
Concrete shall be spread uniformly and the surface struck off with
surcharge over the desired finished level. The amount of surcharge
determined in the field by actual trial. The surcharge shall
be uniform over the entire area and the concrete as spread shall be
shall be
to the
(v)
(yi)
No joints
specified
(vii)
(viii)
Where
shall
(ix)
A minimum
next pavement
(x) Strength
strength tests.
49
Base Courses
Control tests and their frequency
4.7.4.
4.7.4.1.
Quality control test on the
and their minimum desirable frequency
Table 4.5.
Table
S.
No.
be as indicated in
4.5.
Minimum
Test method
Test
materials
shall
desirable
frequency
1.
Quality of cement
18:269-1967/455-1967/
14891967
2.
As required
IV)-1963
One
One
test
per 200
Value
3.
4.
Aggregate Gradation
IS:
2386 (Part
1) 1963
Aggregate moisture
IS:
2386 (Part
III)
IS:
11991959
- 1963
test
per 100
As required
content
5.
Wet
6.
Control of grade,
camber, tiiickness and
analysis of
mix
As required
Vide Chapter 7
Regularly
surface finish
7.
Strength of cubes (2
specimens for each
age of 7 and 28 days)
IS:
One
516-1959
test for
50
m* mix
4.7.5.
The
removed by
large
specification.
4.8.
4.8.1.
Lime-Puzzolana Concrete
This type of construction
General:
is
suitable as
Materials
All
materials,
viz.,
requirements.
in
50
Base Courses
predetermined
the
in
laboratory
so
4.8.3.
Preparation of subgrade
4.8.3.1.
Clause
3.2.
.1.
shall apply.
4.8.3.2.
Mixing and laying of lime puz^olana concrete: The
procedure of mixing, transporting, placing, compacting, curing and
same
as
that
for
Clause 4.7.3.2.
Control tests and their frequency
4.8.4.
4.8.4.1.
Quality control tests on the materials and the work
and their minimum desirable frequency shall be as indicated in
Table 4.6.
Table
s.
No.
4.6.
Minimum
Test method
Test
desirable
frequency
1.
IS:
4098-1967
IS:
2386 (Part
Value/Aggregate Impact
Value
1963
Aggregate gradation
IS: 2386'(Part
Quality of lime-
As required
puzzolana mix
2.
3.
IV)-
One
test
I)
One
test
per 200
per 100
1963
4.
Aggregate moisture
content
5.
Control of i^rade,
camber, th ckness and
IS:
As required
Vide Chapter 7
Regularly
surface finish
6.
Strengtli of cubes (2
specimens for each
age of 7 and 28 days)
IS:
4.8.5.
shall apply.
4.9.
Sand-bitumen Base
Clause
3.9. shall
apply.
One
5161959
test for
Clause
50 m
4.7.5.1.
Bituminous
Surface Courses
51
Bituminous
Courses Surface
CHAPTER
5.1.
(1) Single
(2)
(3)
(4)
5.2.
5.2.1.
in single
laid
down
or two
in
5.2.2.
IRC
coats
:
shall
generally
follow
the
specifications
Materials
The
5.2.3.
5.2.3.1.
in the
materials,
Preparation of base
Any
All
is
depressions
or
potholes
and
section.
of the surface
54
5.2.3.2.
While
No
surface dressing
a.
atmospheric temperature
(i)
b.
(ii)
base
is
work
be carried out
shall
shade
in
is
less
if
than 16*C, or
damp, or
c.
d.
the weather
is
damp, or
that
no
traffic
or dust gets on to
shall
(iv)
be immediately removed.
(V)
Cover aggregates
weight.
shall be
Rolling shall
commence
embedded
in the binder.
The second
coat,
laying of the
(vii)
first
if
specified,
shall
coat.
Generally, no
traffic shall
be allowed on the finished surface for
24 hours. If allowed, its speed shall be restricted to 16 km per
hour during this period. If cut-back bitumen has been used, the
finished surface shall be closed to traffic till the binder is adequately
cured.
5.2.4.
tests
shall
Control
tests
their
Quality
desirable
control
frequency
55
No.
S.
5.1.
Test
Test
method
Minimum
desirable
frequency
As required
: 73-1961
215-1961. 217-1961
Quality of binder
18
or 454 as applicable
2.
IS 2386
(Part IV)-1963
3.
Stripping value of
aggregate
IS
4.
Flakiness index of
aggregate
IS 2386
(Part I)-1963
5.
Water absorption of
aggregate
IS : 2386
(Part III) 1963
6.
Grading of aggregate
IS : 2386
(Part I) 1963
7.
Temperature of binder
62411971
One
test
per 50 m"
-do-
do
doOne
test
per 25
m*
Regularly
at application
8.
One
test
9.
Rate of spread of
One
test jper
aggregate
per 500 m*
500 m"
by
itself
5.3.
Construction of bituminous surface dressing with pre-coated aggregates shall generally be carried out in
48-1972. The construction is similar to
accordance with IRC
conventional surface dressing except that the cover aggregates are
lightly pre-coated with binder.
As such the quality of materials
5.3.1.
General
56
and work
5.2.
shall be controlled
on the same
(i)
Clause
be at
shall
their
(ii)
(iii)
"^.4.
1.
constituted
5.4.2.
Materials
The
materials,
14-
Clause
5.4.3.1.
Preparation of base
5.4.3.2.
The following
surfacing
(i)
this
points
type cf
Mix proportion of
Binder
(iii)
(iv)
shall preferably
Where
straight-run bitumen is used, the aggregates should be suitheated prior to mixing with binder. The binder heated to
appropriate temperature should be mixed with aggregates until the
ably
latter are
(V)
thoroughly coated.
The mixed
to specified thickness
and camber.
57
(vii)
Where
and
specified,
The
points to
(viii)
When
straight-run
bitumen
is
used,
the
diately
after
rature
of 16
till
The
the binder
tests
on
traffic shall
not be permit-
and regularity
and
tests
in
7.
their
materials
frequency
their
Quality control
able 5.2.
Rectification
5.4.5.
KMH
used,
Control
indicated in
is ciired.
5.4.4.
is
traflSc
down
of surface irregularities
Premix carpets
way.
if
Therefore,
there
are
large
irregularities
in a limited
in the surface
these
given
tolerances
out and
filled
here.
7,
If the
these
should
surface
be
rectified in the
too high,
it shall be cut
by fresh materials laid and compacted to speciWhere the surface is too low, the depressed portion shall
is
replaced
fications.
be
Chapter
in
manner described
At times,
it
to
have an
5.5.
5.5.1.
ral,
General
be constructed
29-1968.
in
58
No.
S.
5.2.
Minimum
Test method
Test
desirable
frequency
Quality of binder
18:731961,
As required
215-1961, 217- 1961 or
IS:
Value/aggregate Impact
(Part
454 196i
2.
as applicable
One
2386
per 50
test
m*
IV)-1963
Value
18:62411971
3.
Stripping value of
aggregate
4.
Flakiness index of
aggregate
IS:
5.
Water absorption of
IS: 2386
2386 (Part
-do-
I)
-do-
1963
-do-
aggregate
6.
Grading of
IS:
2386 (Part
I)
-1963
One
per 25
test
m*
aggregates
7.
Temperature of binder
Regularly
at application
8.
Method
Binder content
Two
vide
tests
per day
Appendix-4
9.
Rate of spread of
premix
Regulav
control
through checks on
materials and layer
thickness
Materials:
5.5.2.
filler
and
fine
requirements laid
5.5.3.
5.5.3.1.
shall
apply.
laid to
carrying out
down
in
IRC
viz.,
bituminous binder,
29-1968.
Preparation of base:
If
sliall
be
undulations.
properly attended to
(!)
materials,
make up
5.5.3.2.
All
While
IRC
specification.
shall satisfy
59
(iii)
sha'l
filler
unit.
(v) Quantities
in
such
with
This shall be
no gradation contiol
(vi)
strictly
unit.
at
(vii)
'
distri-
homogenous mix.
(ix)
The mix shall be carried to the site by tipper trucks and spread and
compacted to obtain a carpet of required thickness. Spreading shall
be done by self-propelled mechanical pavers provided with screeds
for spreading, tamping and finishing the mix true to grade, line and
The temperature of mix at the time of laying shall
cross-section.
be in the range 121" 163C.
(x)
Soon
made
as soon as possible,
i.e., as soon as
the roller can be
wheels picking up the mix.
When adjoining
lanes are placed, the same, rolling proceduj;^ shall be followed
after compaction of the fresh mix at the longitudinal joint with 15
shall be
operated without
to 20
cm
its
60
The
finished
tandem rollers.
compacted and
The density shall
continue
till
the mix
fully
is
little
During
wheels shall be kept moist to prevent the mix
from adhering to the wheels and being picked up but in no case
shall the use of fuel/lubricating oil be permitted for this purpose.
rolling, the
(xi)
roller
edges
shall
hot
final rolling
(xiii)
The
in
All joints
full
line,
5.5.4.
Control tests and their frequency
Quality ccntrol tests
on the materials and the work and their frequency shall be as
indicated in Table 5.3.
:
Table
S.
No.
5.3.
Minimum
Test method
Test
desirable
frequency
1.
Quality of binder
IS:
73-1961
2.
Los-Angeles Abrasion
Value/Aggregate
Impact Value
IS:
2386
(Pait
As required
One test per
IV) 1963
6241-
3.
Stripping value of
aggregates
IS:
4.
Water absorption of
aggregates
5.
Flakiness index of
aggregates
IS:
6.
filler
-do-
1971
2386 (Part I)
1963
-do-
One
-do-
test for
ment
mum
of
7.
Mix-grading
50-100 m of
aggregate
I)-
subject
of one
test per 5
m*
filler
One
set
vidual
mixed
of tests on indiconstituents
and
aggregates from
the dryer for each 100
tonnes of mix subject to a
minimum of two sets per
plant per day
Control of temperature
of binder in boiler,
aggregate in the dryer
and mix at the time of
laying
9.
61
and
Regularly
rolling
Stability of
ASTM:
mix
D-1559
value,
flow
density, and void content
subject to a minimum of
two sets being tested per
stability,
Method
Appendix-4
Appendix-4
5.5.5.
Rectification
Method
'of
vide
One
vide
surface
test
irregularities
per 500
m*
Where
the
surface irregularities of the asphaltic concrete are out side the tole-
rances given
in
Chapter
7,
these
shall
be
rectified
as
per the
Concrete Pavements
6
Concrete
Pavements
63
CHAPTER
CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
6.
General
6.1.1.
follow
guidelines given in
the
Code of
Specifications and
Practice for
Construction
of Concrete
Roads."
equipments and appliances required for
the work and for the proper upkeep thereof, reference should be
made to IRC
43-1972 entitled "Recommended Practice for
Tools, Equipments and
for
Appliances
Concrete Pavement
For
6.1.2.
tools,
Construction*'.
Mix
Materials and
6.2.
Proportions
All materials,
6.2.1.
aggregates and
ments
in
specified
limits
of gradation.
In
case
of non-compliance,
Mix proportions
shall
be
dififerent
in
the
suitably
fractions.
Chapter
8.
predetermined
samples of materials proposed
to be actually utilised in the work.
While proportioning, adequate
allowance should be made for the expected strength variations so
as to ensure the specified minimum strength in the field, subject
to the permitted tolerances.
Guidance in this regard can be had
from IRC 44-1972 and IRC 59-1976 for continuously and gap
graded mixes respectively.
6.2.3.
on strength
6.2.4.
used,
proportions
cement.
In
such
for
cases,
is
to
be
the
Concrete Pavements
66
used
be maintained.
and handled
in
6.2.6.
6.1.
Minimum
Test method
Test
desirable
frequencies
1.
Cement
2691967
IS:
445 -1964
1489- 1967
8112
2.
Coarse
and fine
(i)
Gradation
2386
IS:
0-1963
(Pt.
aggregates
(ii)
(iii)
Deleterious
constituents
Moisture content
-do-
IS 2386
(Pt
II)
IS:
(Pt.
-1963
2386
1II)-1963
Regularly as required
subject to a minimum
for
of one test/day
coarse aggregate and
fine
aggregate
(iv)
do-
Bulking of fine
aggregate (for
volume batching)
Once
turecontent
relati.
Coarse
(i)
aggregate
Los Argeles
Abrasion Value/
Aggregate Impact
IS:2386
(Pt.
IV)-1963
Test
(iit
(iii)
Soundness
Alkali-
aggregate
IS:
(Pt.
2386
(Pt.
V) -1963
2386
VII)-1963
IS:
456-1964
IS:
bulking
nship
do-
'
reactivity
4.
Water
Chemical
tests
67
Concrete Pavements
Processing and Construction
6.3.
Weather and
6.3.1.
precautions
as
specified
seasonal
are
limitations
taken,
Unless
concreting
special
shall
not
be
IRC
61-1976.
Preparation of base
6.3.2.
checked for
line,
as specified.
Where concrete
6.3.2.2.
is
to
surface, the latter shall be kept moist in saturated surface dry condition or
as
mortar.
Where
6.3.2.3.
checked for
'k*
6.3.3.
required, the
strength
test.
Fixing of formwork
6.3.3.1.
The formwork shall be of correct shape, free from
bends and kinks and sufficiently rigid to maintain its shape and
position under the weight and working conditions of the laying and
compacting equipment.. It shall be set to true lines and levels and
securely fixed in position to prevent any subsequent disturbance
during compaction. Trueness of the formwork from the specified
in 3 m
profile shall be checked and any deviation greater than 3
No deviation shall, however, be permitted at the joints.
rectified.
mm
6.3.4.
6.3.4.1.
Unless otherwise
permitted, the
proportioned by weight
aggregates shall
be
batching plant.
in
coarse
and
fine
an approved weigh
ked for accuracy, once daily before the work starts, over the fuP
working range by means of a standard set of weights.
68
Concrete Pavements
Cement may be measured either by weight or by
Where cement is used in full bags, frequent checks shall be
6.3.4.2.
bags.
made to see that the bags contain the full specified weight of cement
and any shortage of weight made good. Alternatively, 10 per cent
of the bags in a consignment shall be weighed in advance and
batch-weight of materials adjusted on the basis of average weight
for the consignment.
Water may be measured by volume using
standard measures. The designated water-cement ratio shall be
strictly adhered to and due adjustments made in the water to be
added on account of free moisture content in the aggregates. Suitable adjustment in the weights of aggregates, due to moisture in
them, shall also be made.
Where volume batching
made to minimise variations
6.3.4.3.
should
be
standard
filling
is
in
permitted,
procedure.
every effort
batching by following a
fine
aggregates
in a
batch
red to strictly.
Slump
...
'
Compacting
factor
Necessary adjustment
cement
ratio, shall be
in
...
12
mm
0.03
made where
fied limits.
6.3.4.6.
transported
Immediately
placement
for
after
in
is
mixing, the
concrete shall be
manner
that segregation or
such
avoided in transit.
69
Concrete Pavements
Concrete
6.3.4.7.
between the formwork
and uneven compaction.
height greater than 90
from
the
shall
in
be
Concrete
cm
to
shall not be
base
avoid segregation
dropped from
time of discharge
It
avoiding
prepared
placed on the
such a manner as
shall be laid in
possible
thereby
unnecessary rehandling.
all
desired
the
finished
6.3.4.9.
The concrete
shall
The vibrating
and internal vibrators shall conform to IS 2506 and
IS
2505 respectively. Compaction shall be so controlled as to
prevent excess mortar and water working on to the top due to overscreeds and/or internal vibrators as specified.
ing
screeds
vibration.
6.3.4.11.
while
shall
concrete
is
still
plastic,
be
but
trueness with a
set forth in
Chapter
6.3.4.12.
before the
finished
7.
Any
depressions or
concrete
by belting,
6.3.4.13.
straight edge in
surface
becomes non-plastic,
brooming and edging as
Where
the
slab
is
to
within
be
30
for
the
profile
surface
but just
shall
be
specified.
laid
in
two
layers, the
minutes of compaction
70
Concrete Pavements
Control of concrete strength
6.3.5.
The
6.3.5.1
ascertained
either
S.
No.
6,2.
Minimum
Test method
Test
desirable
frequency
1.
Workability of fresh
concrete
IS
2.
Concrete strength
IS
11991950
One
516-1959
test per 10
m*
cube/beam samples
as
18:5161959
2 cores
for
every 30
m' of concrete
6.4.2.)
6.3.5.2.
progress
chart
indicating
The statistical
and upper and lower control limits
be calculated per set of 15 test specimens and indicated
shall
These parameters and proappropriately on the progress chart.
individual
sets
parameters,
viz.,
mean
strength
not
be
lower
of
of 15
mmimum
test
strength.
The lower control limit is given by the mean value of the set of
minus 1.61 times the standard deviation. The work shall be
taken to meet the specification requirements when the lower conWhere the above requiretrol limit is above the specified strength.
tests
Concrete Pavements
compaction
concrete
Clause
not
are
merits
suspected,
is
shall
of the
strength
actual
the
pavement
the
in
71
checked as
be
set
its
hardened
forth
in
6.4..
Joints
6.3.6.
6.3.6.1.
for
the joints,
bars,
viz., tie
dowel bars, expansion joint filler boards and joint sealing compound shall be checked for specification requirements before their
incorporation in the work. The sealing compound shall conform
to IS: 1834.
Dowel
6.3.6.2.
and
bars shall be
permissible tolerances
mm
in
100
and centre
in this
regard shall be
mm for
mm
dowels of 20
and smaller
diameters;
mm
0.5
20
in
100
mm
for
mm.
shall be
fitting
may be
Bulkheads
used for
this
purpose.
and grooves
6.3.6.3.
specified lines
firmly
shall
conform
to the
and dimensions.
dowels and
in the vicinity
surface.
traflBc,
6.3.7.
6.3.7.1.
Curing of concrete
Curing
shall
commence soon
after
the
finished
pavement surface can take the weight of the wet burlap, cotton or
jute mats normally employed for initial curing, without leaving
11
Concrete Pavements
any marks thereon. The mats shall extend beyond the pavement
edges at least by 0.5 m and be constantly wetted.
Initial curing
shall be for 24 hours or till the concrete is hard enough to permit
labour operations without damage.
6.3.7.2.
shall be carried
means
out
by wet earth,
Where water
specified.
is
pavement surface
Where water
is
scarce or
pavement
is
6.4.
rectified as indicated in
IRC
15-1981.
6.5.
Reinforcement
where
required to be provided,
before incorporarequirements
shall be checked
as specified.
be
placed
shall
Reinforcement
tion in the pavement.
reinforcement
that
the
is not
Due care shall be taken to ensure
6.5.1.
Reinforcing
.steel,
for specification
Control of Alignment,
73
and Surface
Evenness
Profile
Control of
Alignment Profile
and Surface
Evenness
CHAPTER
7.1.
7.1.1.
grades, cross-sections
a well built
pavement conforming
to the
required
horizontal and
pavement courses, and
Given
7.1.2.
here
are
the
procedures
checking and
for
Honzootal Alignment
7.2.
with' respect
been marked
if
the centre
by means of reference
pillars on both sides of the centre line located at frequent
intervals
along the straights and at all changes of horizontal curvature.
Manner of doing so is explained in IRC: 36-1970. To ensure compliance with plans, edges of each pavement layer should be delineain the field
respect
follows
of
Except
for
horizontal
hill
roads the
alignment are
allowable tolerances in
to be a
recommended
(i)
(ii)
For
Carriageway edges
25
mm
40
mm
hill
roads, the
Engineer-in-charge.
tolerances shall
be as specified
by the
76 Control
7.3.
7.3.1.
calculated
vvith
the drawings
shown on
cross profiles
respect to
shall be
Subgrade
Sub-base
Base course
Bituminous wearing
course (of premix type)
and cement concrete
25
15
mm
mm
mm
10
"i""'
20
Care
7.3.2.
shall
7.4.
7.4.1.
levels
of pavement
thickness
vitiate the
may
pavement
would unduly
designs.
mm
macadam and
mm
in the case
concrete.
7.5.
The
criteria
WITH A STRING
Fig.
SURFACE
Fig. 2.
1.
One
PROFILE BOARD
Another design of template with adjustable
profile
78 Control of Alignment.
Profile
o
c
.SP
*S3
in
Table
The
7.1.
on the basis of these recommendations. During construcsurface evenness should be controlled as explained in
paras 7.6. and 7.7.
revised
tion,
the
Table
7.1.
Type of Construction
SI.
No.
Cross
metre
Maximum
permissible
undula-
mm
tion,
straight-edge
Profile
Maximum number
of undulations
permitted in any
300 metre length,
exceeding
Maximum
permissible
variation
from
mm
speci-
fied profile
1.
2.
Earthen subgrade
Stone soling Brick soling
24
20
3.
Stabilised soil
15
4.
15
mm size)
mm
12
mm
12
10
30 _
30
30
-30
12
12
18
16
late,
15
12
30
macadam
6.
7.
9.
10.
BUSG
WBM
mm
mm
8.
or
mm thick
carpet
Bituminous macadam
Asphaltic Concrete
Cement Concrete
Notes:
1.
10
10
8
20
30
20@@
10@@
4
4
will
dressing.
2.
@@lhese
column
3.
of the table.
80 Control of Alignment,
7.6.
Profile
from
right
the
The template
7.6.2.
in Fig. 1,
shows
Fig. 2,
which the bottom piece for checking is replaceable to correspond to the specified profile. These designs are meant
usually for checking the profile over a single-lane width.
For twolane or multi-lane roads, generally the checking operations will
require to be carried out individually for each lane.
Fig. 3, depicts
a design of the scratch template used for checking the regularity of
a
template
in
7.6.3.
surface
of a
layer,
it is
profile
on the finished
compacting/finishing)
as possible.
continuously
regulated
should
plates
7.7.1.
maximum
are
used
line).
in series at
7.7.
Typical
be
designs
given
commence
7.7.2.
is
under
a 3
metre straight-edge.
The procedure
to be
level.
is
given at Appendix 6.
Straight-edge measurements are slow and rather tediTravelling and rolling type of straight-edges as well as other
7.7.3.
ous.
in, Fig. 4.
right
irregularity
1
H K30
HANOtC
OIA
12
ELEVATION
HAAKtNC
WELOE D
5R
300
300
ftOO
PLAN
GRADUATED WEDGE
see note 2)
elevation
^yWElDED
^ol*
<
section- aa
IT-
3000
^50f^
PLAN
STRAIGHT EDGE
<
Note
AIL
DIMENSIONS ARE
IN
mm
type
specification
for
of device
surface
the
ment
at a
(!)
Instantaneously
indicates
Sounds a buzzer
of the
(iii)
maximum
Automatically
irregularity
The
unit
the market.
7.7.4.
meant
workmen
(ii)
is
is
km
size of irregularity
the
dial, to
per hour
an enlarged
through a pointer
scale.
at
is
in
excess
marks,
through
is
maximum
now
(as pre-set).
readily
available
in
The
criteria in
columns 4
to 8
of Table
7.1.
are
Statistical
Approach to 83
Quality Control
Statistical
Approach
to
Quality Control
CHAPTER
8.
be appreciated that the road and runway construction, like most other construction process, has certain amount
of variability inherent in the materials and methods involved. It
8.1.1.
It is
to
aim of
variability
much
quality
is
to
The acceptance
practicable.
as
control
limit
this
criteria are
not only
realistic,
and
but restrictive
as
required by
are
the design
The
statistical
data provide
variations
but also
many
time
quality
8.2.
8.2.1.
Definition of
Arithmetic
Common
mean
Statistical
Terms
(also referred to as
ttie
average)
is
the
sum
the
observations
8.2.2.
Standard deyfation
from
is
their
86
Statistical
mean
Standard deviation
value.
is
given by
A more
generally used
below
however,
is,
...
of
Co-efBcient
8.2.3.
variation
mean
is
standard
the
Range
deviation
...
difference
the
is
between the
R =
Notations
(3)
.--'^
8.2.4.
(2)
largest
(4)
and the
XmaK Xmin
A:=any value
n number
in the set
Sarithmetic mean
y=standard deviation
/^coefficient of variation
R T&ngc
Normal Distribution Curve and Control Limits
8.3.
8.3.1.
number
It
large
concrete in
on either
may be taken
mean value.
The values of
8.1.
deviation
will
(p%) termed
below it, is
upon the specified tolerance
Table
side of the
for
level.
various tolerance
levels
are given in
Statistical
IX
IX
IX
CM
87
IX
IX
IX
/ \
1
1
/
/
'
'
ID
'
'
'
'
'
NORMAL
1
DISTRIBUTION
CURVE
Ul
1
,
'
'ill'
Ul
'
ft
o
Ul
1
X
3
;/:
STRENGTH
STANDARD DEVIATION
FACTOR FOR TOLERANCE LEVEL
Xr MEAN VALUE,
r
Fig. 5.
Normal
distribution curve
minimum
.strength requirement
hence r), the average value
X for mix design strength has to be at least x=Xmrn-f-r/. The
magnitude of standard deviation j is a function of the extent of
uniformity achieved in quality of the product.
x.nin
and
r,
L.C.L.>Xm<n.
Qoality Control Progress Charts
8.4.
8.4.1.
specimen)
is
quality
control
the progressive
plot
as
Statistical
Approach
Smpt
No.
Fig. 6.
test
number of sample
to Quality Control
of the average
variation
in
vl
-x
To obtain
tested.
quality,
the
moving
five tests
Table
8.1.
Value of
(31%)
(16%)
10.00(10%)
in 3.20
in 6.25
1.0
in
1.28
in 15.40
in 40.00
1
1
(6.5%)
(2.5%)
in 100.00(1.0%)
in 666.00 (0.15%)
0.5
1.5
2.0
2.33
3.00
to infinite number of samples and appropriate for applicamajor concreting jobs. For small number of samples r value
could be found in standard reference books, for example IRC: 44-1972.
Corresponds
tion to
8.5.
Illustrative
8.5.1.
The data for the 28 day compressive strength of
concrete cubes from a construction project are given in Table 8.2.
Statistical
89
(r=1.28).
Table 8,2. Cube Compressive Strength Test Data prom A
Project and Computations for Their Statistical Analysis
No.
S.
Compressive
strength
kg/sq. cm
Moving average
tive strength
results kg/sq. cm
-
Deviation
of 5 consecu-
L.
J
J.
cm
kg/sq.
90
400
10
too
909 <
50
45
10
9500
9095
100
^OJ
A
<
O.
9Qn
90 S
7
Q
^in
JJKJ
^90
O.
Q
y.
9R0
1 1
Z.
J.
14
1
10.
17
1 K
1
10
9QS
9on
^9S
975
J jyj
jjyj
inn
JlVJ
IS).
98n
DC
l^OO
RO
O'tUU
10
JOUU
1 no
45
50
1
A5
10
oU
oo
lUU
iouy
1
j*tj
ZD
^ J.
90S
95
45
<9<
9n9<
9^
9A
97
Li
4nn
ISO
45
^O
OU
90T
Knrt
JoUU
28
360
4 on
315
340
345
370
360
350
340
360
370
370
370
380
360
340
330
340
330
340
20
29!
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
25
625
"71
440
420
340
310
385
330
350
280
330
370
385
25
100
80
10000
-30
900
2025
100
100
3600
100
900
2025
45
10
10
-60
-10
30
45
6400
90
Statistical
300
350
350
385
330
330
340
370
360
315
345
295
320
295
295
330
340
340
330
340
330
330
310
310
df\
47
48
4Q
25
40
fiC\
UV/
in
100
2025
1600
1 \JM\J
45
40
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
Ja:
~25
= 19220
Check whether
being met
900
400
625
30
20
5
25
45
-20
45
-45
2025
400
2025
2025
X(x-x)=87505
requirements
Ex~
340 kg/sq.
are
statistical
cm
S(x-x)ii= 87505
40 kg/sq.
7X100.
40
340
5c
L.C.L.
x-rj
As L.C.L.>x,n,n
Xniin
Taking Xmin
288.8 kg/sq.
RXmin
L.C.L.
_
~
actually
level
340280
11.7%
cm
achieved
for
rj
40
340-1.28x40
X 100
cm
is
60
40
1
_
~
^'^
in 15.40
(Table
8.1.).
is
shown
in Fig. 6.
the
Statistical
91
8.6.
Table 8.3. shows the aggregate gradation data for the project.
Both the stipulated aggregate gradation required to be achieved
with a confidence
level
corresponding to
= 2,
and the
Check whether
the stipulated
Step
I.
results of
this table.
met
size, calculate x,
j,
individually.
L.C.L.
C/.C.L.
This data
= X r/
= x + ry
is
too
MEAN
CONTROL LIMITS
SPECIFICATION LIMITS
80
/////
/////'
3?
O 60
/////
in
t
v.-
40
<
a
/^y
/
/
20
//
/
//
150 300
m'lcrtn
600
4*
M8
2-36
475
mm
10
20
SIEV5 IZE
Fig. 7^
grading
40
80
92
Statistical
s
o
ON
VO
o\
ri
oo
ts
00
00
O
o
84.2
57.5
83.7
00
OS
CM
c-
q
od
vd
VO
od
<s
<N
d
m
42.0
33.8
32.0
30.7
29.0
21.2
60.7
46.9
35.4
30.8
28.0
26.4
19.5
ri
NO
od
od
rsi
<
cn
oo
ON
in
OO
VO
00
00
OO
On
Q
w
^
.J
S <
H
2
^
<
<
>
52
vd
rv
00
oo
o
VO
o
00
od
VO
o
00
oo
VO
o\
oo
VO
ON
od
VO
n
f*^
m
r>
ri
ro
VO
od
ON
tT
ri
*r\
VO
ro
<s
<N
ON
ri
vd
ON
vd
rN
r-
<N
On'
wi
"J
m
d
ON
m*
d
m
VO
od
CN
rr\
d
m
od
<s
f*^
(N
ro
On
<N
vq
rON
oo
od
ro
ri
m
r*%
rn
q
ON
m
q
r-*
00
<N
rf"
00
Ov
v-i
oo
vd
00
00
^*
VO
oo
o
VO
o
Ov
VO
vd
q
^
od
<N
N
ON
od
<N
od
CI
e
s
m
^.
&
a
a
E
VO
00
IS
VO
od
On
rj
r-
VO
ao
d
s
i5
od
>/->
On
O P W
a
q
ON
ts
Tf
ON
<M
VO
On
Statistical
93
81.2
58.4
38.5
29.8
27.4
25.3
15.8
33.8
31.8
30.5
23.8
ro
87.6
Dm
= s
VO
58.9
40.3
o
rj
ri
ri
84.4
65.4
48.7
35.7
31.8
29.6
27.9
19.8
87.8
65.0
43.2
32.4
30.6
28.8
27.0
17.2
83.8
68.2
50.2
35.3
31.5
29.8
28.6
16.1
84.0
61.2
43.9
33.6
30.5
27.2
24.7
18.2
82.6
68.9
39.2
32.6
30.4
28.2
26.6
21.4
83.1
68.8
52.8
36.2
31.9
30.2
29.1
17.7
84.3
65.9
42.0
32.0
30.3
28.8
27.4
18.9
85.6
64.2
42.9
33.7
31.0
29.1
27.6
18.6
87.1
67.2
50.7
31.3
28.8
27.3
17.2
86.2
64.1
47.8
34.6
31.7
30.0
82.2
70.2
60.0
40.5
32.6
28.6
37.1
28.7
27.1
19.4
8
I
s
B
o
vn
a
a
a
a
a
a
94
Statistical
Step
II.
On
a plot of the
stipulated
is
being met.
lie
The
within the
actual plot
is
x.
If
shown
in. Fig. 7.
It is
seen
stipulated zone.
Appendices
Appendices
95
Appendix
LIST
Number of Standard
IRC 14 1977
:
Title
Recommended,
practice
for
cm
thick
bitumen and
IRC
IRC
151981
Standard specifications and code of practice for construction of concrete roads (First Revision)
171965
dressing
IRC
iv 1977
IRC
201966
IRC
23 1966
IRC
27
bound macadam
(First Revision)
penetration
dressing
1967
Tentative
specification
for
macadam
bituminous
JRC
29
1968
cm
asphaltic concrete
sur-
face course
IRC
361970
Recommended
embankments
IRC
43
1972
Recommended
practice
for road
for
the
construction of earth
works
and applia-
IRC
44
1976
road pavements (For non air entrained and continuously graded concrete) (First Revision)
IRC
IRC
471972
481972
IRC
571974
precoated aggregates
Recommended
in
concrete
pavements
IRC
1976
59
611976
IRC
Tentative
guidelines
IRC SP
161977
of cement
Appendix 2
LIST OF TEST
Number of Standard
Title
IS
2151961
IS
217-1961
IS
2691967
Ordinary,
Rapid-hardening
and
Low Heat
Portland
454-1961
IS
455-1967
456-1964
Code of
IS
for
Practice
(Second Revison)
IS
4601962
IS
5161959
1199-195S
IS
IS
1203-1958
IS
14891967
IS
1514-1959
IS
18341961
Sealing
IS
2386
Methods of Test
II) 1963
Lime and
Particle Size
and Shape
Estimation
of
(Part I)-1963
(Part
for Quick
deleterious
materials
and
Organic
impurities
(Part III)-1963
Specific
Gravity,
Density,
Voids,
Bulking
(k'art
IV) 1963
Mechanical Properties
(Part
V)-1963
Soundness
(Part
VII)-1963
25051968
Alkali-aggregate Reactivity'
IS
IS
IS
25141963
IS
2720
Methods of Test
2506
964
for Soils
Absorption and
99
Appendices
(Part II) 1973
(Part
IV) 1975
(Part
V) 1970
Determination
of
Liquid
and
Plastic
Limits (First
Revision)
(Part
VII)-1974
(Part
VIII)-1974
(Part
X)-
1973
Heavy Compaction
Determination
of
Unconfined
Compressive Strength
(First Revision)
(Part
XVI)- 1965
(Part
XXVII) 1968
(Part
XXVin)-1974
IS
IS
IS
3495-1973
Method of test
4098-1967
62411971
Stripping Value
of
ASTM.D-1138-1952
ASTM
D- 1559- 1965
Test
Appendix 3
No.
Number
Equipments
required
A.
General Equipment
(i)
High
sensitivity
proving ring
(iii)
(iv)
(V)
2.
3.
100 kg Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
200
500
1000
2000
(ii)
kg
kg
kg
kg
2
1
1
Dial Guages
(i)
12
(ii)
25
mm Travel
mm Travel
.6
Balances
7 kg capacity accuracy
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
gm
gm
gm
1
1
(v) Physical
(vi)
4.
Ovens
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Upto
110C-Sensitivity 1C
x 16" x 14"
Size 24"
Upto 400F
rotating
type Determination of
loss
on
heating bitumen
5.
Sieves
(i)
(ii)
6.
set
set
Proving Rings
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Note:
& 200
7.
1
1
5 ton capacity
All
to ISI specifications
and
shall bear, IS
Markings, as
far as possible.
Appendices
101
Dial Guages
8.
(i)
1"
(ii)
2"
Load frame
9.
6
6
'
speed control
10.
11.
Stop watches
12.
Glass ware
13.
Miscellaneous
14.
Hot
B.
Sub-surface Investigations
Truck
1.
*2.
1^
& rock
3.
Soil
4.
Vane shear
*5.
*6.
7.
*8.
m depth
drilling kit
kit
resistivity
(TERRASOOUT)
survey
*9.
12.
Borehole Camera
10.
1
Undisturbed
soil
samplers (Dension
13.
14
Thin
vvall
&
1
1
Piston Sampler)
sampling tubes
(100
& 50 mm
15.
SPT
C.
Soils
dia.
and
0.75
100 each
long)
type
1.
WatterSiill
2.
3.
Sampling pipette
fitted
with
pressure and
10 ml. capacity
4.
suction
inlets,
Appendices
102
5.
Modi6ed
6.
7.
8.
9.
PH
lb.
etc.
meter
&
10.
Constant head
11.
Unconfined compression
4 springs and masks
12.
Lab.
13.
Field
apparatus
test
12
with a set of
moulds
14.
15.
Shear box
16.
test
equipment
equipment
17.
Consolidation
18.
19.
Post hole auger 4" dia. with extensions and Shelby tube
test
21.
22.
23.
24.
Triaxial testing
toiis
26.
27.
Core
28.
Soil lathe
29.
Vaccum pump
30.
*31.
D.
1.
cutter
Consolidation
test
equipment
Bitumen
Constant temperature bath
2.
3.
Ring
4.
(BRTA) Viscometer
5.
&
with 4
mm and
10
mm cups
103
Appendices
6.
7.
8.
and 2 viscomeiers
9.
still
(copper) and
othjcr accessories
10.
11.
12.
mm size
30
eft.
13.
14.
Equipment
15.
Hveem
16.
E.
Rock
for distillation
gears
x 2' dia.
stabilometer
testing equipment
1.
Rock sample
2.
Rock
3.
*4.
F.
height guage
hammer
classifaction
1.
Water
2.
3.
Moulds
(i) r X
(ii)
still
4"
test
with plungers
X 20'
Cubical 6". 4
12
2.78'
each
size
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
capacity
eft.
capacity
9.
eft.
X 3 load 200
'
lbs.
Aggregate crushing
test
apparatus
apparatus
10.
Aggregate impact
11.
12.
test
104
Appendices
2
13.
14.
Concrete laboratory
15.
16.
UTM
17.
G.
set
up
equipment,
test
hammer &
pachometer
for tension,
tests
1
1
1.
Current meter
2.
H.
Beam
1.
lienkelman
Profile meter
(hand towed)
*3.
*4.
I.
Traffic Engineering
*1.
2.
3.
4.
*5.
6.
J.
trafiSc counter
Multi-bank event recorder
Multi-pen event recorder
Time lapse photography camera and projector unit
Electronic
6
1
1
*2.
Pocket stereoscope
Stereoscope with Parallex Bar
K.
Mobile Laboratory
*1.
2
1
*1.
Laboratory Truck
*2.
Equipment
L.
*l,
M.
*1.
on
N.
1
actual needs)
identified
1
in Field
Miscellaneous
Electronic
Desk Calculator
*2.
Slide Projector
*3.
Camera
*4.
Photostat Machine
Appendices
105.
No.
1.
Additional Equipment
Discipline
Soils
moisture
tester;
pump;
Genco
Abbot's cylinder;
needle;
PVC
Distillation
compactor;
tus;
soil
centrifuge
meter.
apparatus:
float test
new model
calcimeter;
test
electro-hydraulic
kneading
appra-
versa tester;
Concrete and
Prestressing bed;
Bridges
coring equipment;
twisting
plant;
machine;
Universal
supersonic tester;
testing machine;
Acrow weighmore
internal
vibrator;
shutter
boring
consisto-
oven;
vibrator;
muflBe
masonry
machine;
bend
fatigue tester;
cold
test;
Askamia
vibrator;
4.
Aggregates
Page impact
and polishing
test;
test;
machine.
5.
Traffic
decelcro-meter;
Road
Testing
Skyke's
for
tracing
track
tally counter.
Appendices
106
ment
Electric/
Photographic/
sound equip-
enlarger;
Electronic
and other
fier;
miscellane-
Varistant;
ous equip-
pallet
ment
measuring
strain
bridge;
oscolo
trucks;
G.K.
script;
machine;
electric tube,
REGIONAL LABORATORY
S.
No.
Particulars of
1.
Equipment
Nos. required
GENERAL
Balances:
(i)
7 kg to 10 kg capacity-semi-self indicating
(lii)
Accuracy 1 gm
type
500 gm capacity-semi-self indicating typeAccuracy 0.001 gm
Chemical Balance-100 gm capacity-Accuracy 0.0001
(iv)
Pan Balance
(ii)
(v) Physical
(vi)
(i)
gm
kg capacity
0.001 gm accuracy
300 kg capacity
Balance
Platform scale
Ovens
(ii)
Upto 110C
Upto 200C
Sensitivity
LC.
heating bitumen
Sieves
(i)
LS.
80
10
(ii)
mm,
mm,
I.S.
Sieves
mm.
mm,
of sizes 100
63
12.5
lid
and pan
set
set
consisting of 2.36
mm,
1.18
mm,
107
Appendices
4.
mm and 300 mm
Proving rings
5.
charts
(iii)
Dial
(i)
7.
250 kg capacity
2000 kg capacity
5 tonnes capacity
(i)
(ii)
6.
2
2
Guage
25
mm travel-O.Ol
mm/division
2 Nos.
electrically
operated
8.
9.
10.
No.
sec.
testing
machine
accuracy
&
1 dOk..
each
funnels
11.
Hot
12.
Enamel
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
plates 200
mm oia. (1
no 1500 watt)
2 Nos.
trays
mm
600
x 450
450 inm x 300
300
x 250
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
x 50
x 40
x 40
Circular plates of 250
dia
mm
6
6
mm
SOILS
1.
2.
Water
still
3.
Sampling pipette
10 ml. caoachy
4.
5.
Modified
and suction
inlets,
as per l.S.
1
8.
2720-Part VlIi-1974
7.
Vll-1974
6.
No.
XXVIIM974
doz.
2 doz.
Lab C.B.R.
per
I.S.
(i)
test
CBR
test as
CBR
mm
moulds 150
dia. 175
mm
complete with
ht,
(iii)
(iv)
mm
dial
guage holder
dia. 2.5
hole.
(V)
(vi)
(vii)
mm dia., 47.7 mm
ht.
with handle
CBR
moulds each
operated
datum
central
hole (47.7
9.07 kg
bar, 254
and one
I-section
of 1.25 metre
items
(i)
plates 25.4 mm
in thick and dia 762 mm (30 in.)
mm (26 in.) 558 mm (22 in.) 457 mm (18 in.)
305 mm (12 in.) 228 mm (9 in.) and 154 mm (6 in.)
M.S
(1
660
(ii)
iii)
(iv) Ball
bearing plates 25
mm thick
and 100
mm dia. with
centre groove
(v)
Datum Bar
clamps
Standard Penetration
test
equipment
3.
BITUMEN
test
controlled.
Appendices
2.
Petrol
109
gas
alternative
laboratory)
3.
Penetrometer automatic type, adjustable weight arrangement, and needles as per I.S. 1203-1958.
4.
complete
with
extraction
thimbles, etc.
5.
electrically
fitted
apparatus complete
6.
Hubbard-field stability
7.
test
AST M
1559-62
mm (18
in.) fall
8.
1.
Water
2.
still
3.
Moulds
(i)
(ii)
100
mm
mm
x 100
Cubicais 150
mm,
mm
mm (each
x 500
100
size)
4.
5.
6.
7.
Variable frequency
1
metre
<
Flakiness index
9.
Aggregate Impact
test
cu.
ft.
capacity
metre, as per
8.
I.S.
table
size
2514-1963
apparatus
test
apparatus as per
I.S.
2386 Part
IV-1963
10.
No
Los-Angeles abrasion
apparatus
as
per
I.S.
2386 Part
IV 1963
11.
Flow
12.
13.
4
4
Nc
No
No
Appendices
110
2
14.
15.
5.
2.
staff
set
set
3.
4.
Camber templates
5.
6.
Single lane
Double lane 2
Requirement
S.
No.
Particulars
(1)
For testing
1.2
1.3
1.4
Field oven
1.5
Electric
oven
1.6
Proctor
Mould
1.7
Proctor needle
1.8
Balance
(ii)
1.9
1.10
1.12
1.13
~
_
& hammer
kg
gramms
CBR
(5
tonnes
CBR
Moulds
Equipment for testing LL
Speedy moisture motors
& PL
2 (Optional)
2
11
12
11
11
(2)
selection)
capacity)
1.11
Field (each
level
5 to 7
500
Sub DnI
soil
1.1
(1)
Dnl
level
9
1
2.1
Impact
equipment
2.2
test
Appendices
(3)
3.1
3.2
Slump cone
Moulds
(i)
12
70.7
12
12
mm
(i)
(ii)
(4)
mm
IQJ X
50 X 50 X 50
(ill)
moulds
70 X 7
(ii)
3.3
111
Bitumen
4.1
Test trays
4.2
Thermometers
12
4.3
Spring balance
To
programmes, help
in
as directed.
(ii)
(iii)
To
guidelines to
issue
regional
the
Quality
Control
Executive
rials
methods and
K & D
and
elsewhere.
(iv)
To frame and
organise the
training
programmes
for
the
new
To
Officers
and
issue
To
To
provide
all
assistance
compliance of the
(iii)
Superintending
Engineer concerned to ensure quality control.
To carry out tests on construction and road materials locally available and to suggest use of alternative materials.
(iv)
fv)
To
To
rials
also the
(vi)
(vii)
sites for
tests.
Appendix 4
for the
lest results
Road Works
(1)
Q/R/1
(2)
Q/R,2
Characterstics of
Borrow Materials
(3)
Q/R/3
Q/R/4
(5)
Q/R/5
(6)
Q/R/6
(7)
Q/R/7
(8)
Q/R/8
(9)
QR
Temperature Record
for Bituminous
(10)
Q/R/10
(11)
Q/R
Water
(12)
Q/R/12
Cement Concrete
Note
11
Work
Frequency of the
test to
Works
The
tained
in
ments of
serially
bills
Appendices
113
U
u
do
Recorded
c/)
by
^<
con-
soil
ON
tent
Moist-
ure
comp1
acted
Lab
sity
Den-
)a3)no3 djn)
JOd^QOO
VO
1
snonsppG
<
OC
Ed
Ref
CBR
8
Ref
O
o
2
ctor
Disity
o
cc
OC
o
OQ
b
O
5"
T3
Ref
P.L
value
c/2
ill
H
E
H
(J
<
OC
<
X
OS
a 9
00
2e
through
g I ii
o
5
1
GRADING
passing
0.
Sl
s|
.2 f
^u BM
U D Z
oC
OQ
o/
/O
J03JO0D pUBS
1
p3sn
SI
jBuajBui
qoiq/w ui
B3JB MOJJOq
|0
UOUBDOl
OM
-S
8"
ui^
Appendices
114
00
I
CO
U
H
OS
o
Z
S
12"
Z
o
.2
<
' I
ill
a>
60
o
u
So
II
a
.2
> ?
^ 3
i;
<u
W3 -
:3q
O O
2.
cs
CO <*5
JO
^
S s
Q
J?
*^ ^ JO
Appendices
115
8.
T3
00
^-
o
a
E
E
4>
CO
CO
Ou
Is
o
&0
*c
ro
0)
k<
u
C/3
00
.S
CO
5iE
O = C
o
00
00
BJ
00
>
Appendices
o
2
o
s
>
o
00
p
o
o
-
S
e
E
CM
'75
118
Appendices
Ref
.6
Be
VO
<N
*r%
to
<
X)
>
o
U
0^
Appendices
119
ed
.9
- 3
I
00
00
.n:
js ja
o o o ^ ^
*>
S S
b
i
2 = 5 3 5
eS
Ui
4)
5 u
eS
rt
>
a>
a a a
E E s e S
o O V V
HH H H H
!l
!l
II
^ ^
H H H
120
Appendices
121
Appendices
T -
3
O
00
00
Si
(J
X)
o
4>
5^1
^ii
S S c
i o 3
>^
c
u
3
aa
Ui
X)
i/)
&8 3
O
Appendices
122
o
u
e00
a
V.C
11
^
At
oi
<
<
QW5
4>
<
C/5Z
<N
Appendices
III
e
*<=>
<^ is
ea
CM w
S JS
<=5
1)
a o
111
z
Soil
6
coZ
124
Appendices
.c
09
l-l
E
o
a
O
(tf
g >
a
is
^1
Appendix 5
A.
be within
shall
gram.
10 per cent of
the specification.
Similarly,
transverse
number of
distribution
cm of the
width of the spray bar. The variation in transverse distribution shall not be
more than 20 per cent from the mean (not counting the extreme 15 cm at
either side of the sprayed area).
placing a
B.
he rate of spread of
grit
by
gritters
known
IN
capacity.
This can also be checked by removing the chippings from small areas
road and weighing them. A sm til square metal frame is laid on the
new dressing and all the chippings within trie enclosed area which is 10 cm
square are collected and washed in solvent to remove the binder, weighed and
of
the
t f spread is measured
metre to 4 metre.
the rate
1
The
transverse
at points
variation
shall
be
less
than
mean.
C.
test
solvent
is
extraction.
126
Appendices
in
to disintegrate the
The
the edge
is
filter
dried, weighed
is
of the bowl.
is
The
machine
is
maximum
increased to a
A number
till
the extract
The
is
is
of 200 ml. solvent additions (not less than three) are used
and not darker than a light straw colour.
clear
ring
to constant weight
follows
at
W\
weight of sample
where
FF,=weight
of
fine
material,
recovered
from
the
extract
>f4= increase
necessary correction
road tar
D.
in the solvent.
OF ASPHALTIC
The metallic tray of the field density unit is kept on a level spot of the
and a hole, 10 cm in dia, is cut to the entire thickness of the
All materials removed from the hole are carefully collected and
carpet.
surface
weighed.
A known
52
B.S.
Steve,
directly over
is
is
127
Appendices
jerk and closed
when
the hole
is
filled
residual
The
in-situ density
where
of the carpet
^
Density
A =
is
filling
calculated as follows
gm
per cc.
Appendix 6
The procedure
straight-edge
(i)
is
rots or
(ii)
to
as follows
a string or a metallic
with
trueness.
(iii)
mm
at
least
mm.
is
to be placed
and
in Fig. 4.
in the
longitudinal
longitudinally
parallel
to
the straight-
profile
the centre
line
of
made
(vi)
The
limitations
vertical curves.
straight-edge
inserted between
it
may
if
Additional templates
and the
test
may be
is
wedge
maximum
marked on
the surface.
129
Appendices
(vii)
workmen
and a
two graduated
will
operate
the
with the