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    BBA-401

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    Bba 401

    Hochgeladen von

    nirali
    assignment

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    von 10

    BBA401- E-COMMERCE

    1) a. listing the opportunities and explaining :1. Tourism and Travel Sector: This sector has updated its system with
    ecommerce services.
    2. Banking Sector: Most banks have changed their working style by
    making
    their services available online through their respective websites.
    3. Health Care Sector: This sector is large and uses a major part of
    government expenses.
    4. Stock Sector: In the stock exchange sector, e-commerce services
    provide demat account facilities for customers who can do an overall
    analysis of the status of the stock areas and do their respective transactions.
    5. Financial Sector: In India, the financial sector has adopted ecommerce services and the users make maximum use of the same.
    b. listing the main advantages :1. All-time processing: Customers can use the marketplace at all times
    with the use of e-commerce services.
    2. Better service: Customers are fully satisfied and receive better service.
    3. No mediators: Customers can directly contact the suppliers and
    remove all mediators.
    4. Data on consumer performance: Using the e-commerce services,
    onecan understand consumer behaviour, for example, websites, products,
    schemes and modes of payment which are preferred by the customer.
    5. Time saving: Customers can save time because they can purchase
    anything through the merchant websites.
    listing the disadvantages:1. Lack of customer awareness: People who have no knowledge about
    electronic communication like the Internet, and computers find it difficult
    to transact electronically.
    2. Not for small business: Small businessmen do not want to take any
    extra burden because they have no knowledge of e-commerce functions.
    3. Does not support all types of businesses: Some types of businesses
    are not fit for e-commerce services.
    4. Legal formalities: Before implementing e-commerce services in the
    business, it is necessary to complete certain legal formalities like
    authorization and authentication.

    2) Write short note on Hyper Text Markup Language


    (HTML) with example
    Characteristics : Gateway routers are used to connect dissimilar LANs and perform all
    thefunctions of bridges and routers. It operates as all seven layers of
    theOSI Reference Model.
    Gateways provide full protocol conversion from one proprietary LAN
    technology to another.
    Gateway uses higher layers of the OSI model, perhaps through layer
    7,the application layer.
    1. Application:- Represents data to the user plus encodingand dialog
    control.
    2. Transport:- Support communication between diversedevices across
    diverse networks (usingTCP/IP).
    3. Internet:- Determines the best path through the Network ( using
    gateway).Controls the hardware devices and media
    4. Network Layer that make up the network .
    explanation on HTML :HTML is a method where ordinary text can be converted into hypertext. It
    is a
    set of special codes included to control the layout and appearance of the
    text.
    Technically, HTML is not a programming language.
    The following is the structure of HTML:
    <html>
    <head> about authors </head>
    <title> First Page </title>
    <body>
    <h1> Hello this my Home page!
    </body>
    </html>
    < HTML>: This tag defines the top most elements, identifying it as an
    HTML document.
    <Head>: This tag contains information about your HTML file.
    <Title>: This tag is nested within the head tag. It identifies your page to
    the rest of the world. Output of tag is displayed on your browsers title bar
    but does not appear as part of the page.
    <body>:This is a body part of your HTML web page. Within this tag all the
    various tag is used. Every tag has prespecified attributes and there possible

    Levels of Heading: Six different levels up to <h1>,<h2>,<h3>,<h4>,


    <h5>,<h6>
    Adding a comments:<! - - and ends with >
    Creating List: There are two types of list : ordered list and unordered list.
    Ordered List:
    <ol>
    <li> MS-Windows
    <li> MS-Excel
    <li> MS-Word
    </ol>
    Unordered List:
    <ul>
    <li> MS-Windows
    <li> MS-Excel
    <li> MS-Word
    </ol>
    Creating Definition Lists:
    A glossary consists of three tag elements:
    <dl>: Define the List
    <dt>: Define term
    <dd>: Define the definition
    Inserting Images:
    To insert images in your page use <img> tag as follows:
    <img src=flower.gif height=100" width=100" border=1">
    Linking the HTML page:
    To link one HTML to another use anchor tag as follows:
    <a href = first.html > Click me </a>
    Setting font size:
    We can set font of text by using font tag as follows:
    <font face=Arial size=4" color=red>
    Marquee tag:
    This tag offers some movement from up, down, left, right of given text:
    <marquee direction=up bgColor=red behavior=scroll> MY Moving
    Text
    is displayed here </marquee>
    Table tag:
    Page layout on the web has to be set by using tables because HTML has no
    method to set margin or columns.
    Form tag:

    Form tag is an important element for doing online business. Forms are
    necessaryfor gathering user information, conducting surveys, or even
    providing interactive services. Forms are supported by both client and
    server for successful implementation. A number of features are available for
    building forms, includingtext boxes, check boxes, radio buttons, submit
    buttons and text area. A user can enter text, selects items from a list, check
    boxes, and then submit the information to the server.
    3) It allows you to edit the website yourself through a
    Content Management System
    (CMS). What is the need for an intelligent website?
    As per the recent statistics, over 60% of the new websites are built using
    Content Management System (CMS). It is rapidly gaining popularity among
    the website owners and developers since it's very user-friendly and easy-tomaintain.
    Regardless of the size of your business and the niche it caters to, creating
    and managing your website has to be less time-consuming. CMS allows you
    the ability to quickly and easily update your website and its content
    yourself. Using the powerful Content Management System tools such as
    WordPress, Joomla and Drupal, we, at e-Intelligence, enable you to
    manage, market and measure your business on the web, more effectively
    and effortlessly.
    Work with the Award-winning CMS Website Designing Agency
    The main reason why we stand taller than the rest of the agencies, is that
    we never compromise on quality and user experience. Right from
    conceptualization of your website to its delivery and maintenance,
    perfection is our motto. When developing your dynamic seo-friendly CMS
    website, our team works closely with your team to identify and thoroughly
    understand your requirements. This helps us in creating a sharp, subtle and
    professional website design, which can easily adapt to the future growth
    requirements of your business. Its our job to make your website look
    impressive, regardless of what device your visitors are viewing it on.

    4) Explain the different methods of encryption technique


    1. Secret key or symmetic key cryptography

    In this scheme, both the sender and the recipient possess the same key to
    encrypt and decrypt the data.
    Data Encryption Standard
    Data Encryption Standard (DES) is an example of secret key cryptography.
    It was developed by IBM. DES is block cipher-based scheme which encrypts
    a 64-bit data block using a 56-bit key.
    Drawbacks of secret key cryptography
    If there are n correspondents, you have to keep track of n different
    secret keys. If the same key is used by more than one correspondent,
    the common key holders can read each others mail.
    2. Triple Encryption
    As discussed, the DES is a block cipher and employs shared secret
    encryption.But, nowadays DES is considered unsafe for various
    applications primarily due to the 56-bit key size which is too small.
    3. Public key cryptography
    This scheme operates on a double key, called pair key, one of which is used
    to encrypt the message and the other is used to decrypt it.
    Encryption and Decryption
    Data encrypted with a public key can only be decrypted with a private
    key.
    Data encrypted with a private key can only be decrypted with a public
    key.
    Advantages of public key cryptography
    Message confidentiality can be proved: The sender uses the
    recipients public key to encrypt a message, so that only the private key
    holder can decrypt the message, and no one else.
    Authenticity of the message originator can be proved: The
    receiver uses his private key to encrypt a message, to which only the sender
    has access.
    Easy to distribute public key: The public key of the pair can be easily
    distributed.
    Hash function:
    Hash function is a formula that converts a message of a given length into a
    string of digits called a message digest. A mathematical transformation is
    used
    by the hash function to encrypt information such that it is irreversible. The
    encrypted ciphertext message cannot be decrypted back to plaintext.
    (a) The sender generates a message.
    (b) A Message Digest of the message is created using the hash function.

    (c) The sender attaches the digital signature to the end of the message.
    (d) The sender encrypts both message and signature with the receivers
    public
    key.
    5) Explain the different categories of electronic
    payment system in detail:Electronic Token-based Payment System
    electronictoken (e-token) in the form of electronic cash/cheque has been
    developed. It is
    recognized as equivalent to cash and is backed by banks.
    Types of electronic tokens: There are three types of e-tokens.
    (a) Type 1- In this type of electronic business deal, the cash transaction is
    completed with the exchange of electronic currency
    (b) Type 2 Debit or prepaid: In this type of transaction, users have to pay
    in
    advance for any product or services.
    (c) Type 3Credit or Postpaid: In this type of transaction, a central server
    verifies the customer and checks with the bank whether funds are sufficient
    before any interchanges are made.
    1. Electronic Cash
    Electronic cash (e-cash) is a form of electronic payment system based on
    encryption. This means it is a secure payment system. Before a product is
    bought or services availed cash has to be obtained from a currency server.
    How to purchase e-cash
    The buying of e-cash from an online currency server (or bank) involves two
    steps:
    (a) Establishing an account
    (b) Keeping an adequate amount of money in the bank to back the
    purchases
    Currently, in most e-cash trials, all customers must have an account with
    a central online bank. Transactions must be available to access and pay for
    foreign services or national services.
    The customer applies for the amount and denomination of e-cash that
    he/she needs. This amount is debited from the customers account.
    To digitally sign the note for the given amount, the bank uses its private
    key and sends the note back to the customer.
    For encoding a message into a cipher text, a locking key is used.
    While the key that encodes is kept private, the key that decodes is
    made public.

    The bank gives to all its customersboth sellers and buyersits


    publickey.
    In e-cash, transaction takes place in three steps as follows:
    Step - 1: Getting electronic cash
    (a) The consumer requests his/her bank to transfer money to the currency
    server to get e-cash.
    (b) The consumer bank transfers money from the consumers account to
    the
    currency server.
    (c) The e-mint sends e-cash to the consumer. The consumer receives his/
    her cash.
    Step - 2: Purchasing with electronic cash
    (a) The consumers select the goods and transfer the e-cash to the merchant.
    (b) The product is made available to the customers by the merchant. Step
    step - 3: Redeeming cash by the merchant
    (a) The merchant may send the e-cash to its bank and the bank in turn
    redeems the money from the currency server.
    (b) The currency server transfers money to the merchants bank for
    crediting
    the merchants account.
    Currency Server
    The currency server is a special term used in EPS. The customer and the
    merchant can exchange the different currencies depending upon the
    machineused.
    Properties of e-cash
    The following are the four properties of e-cash:
    (a) Monetary value: Although one bank creates e-cash but other banks
    accept
    it.
    (b) Interoperability: E-cash is negotiable as payment for paper currency,
    goods
    and services.
    (c) Retrieval and storage: The other quality of e-cash is that it is storable
    and
    retrievable.
    (d) Security: E-cash is not easy to copy.
    Advantages of e-cash
    E-cash is best suited for small transactions.
    Authentication is not an issue. Who pays is not important as long as
    themerchant gets his payment.

    E-cash can be issued in very small denominations that can be used to


    pay for small transactions.
    The low cost of e-transactions makes it feasible for merchants to
    charge
    small amounts without losing profit.
    2. Electronic Cheques
    Electronic cheque (e-cheque) is a form of e-token. E-cheque is planned to
    accept individuals or a group who prefers to pay on credit or through some
    method, but not through cash. An electronic cheque has all the same
    features as a paper cheque.
    Step - 1: Purchasing goods
    (a) The consumer accesses the merchant server and the merchant server
    presents its goods to the consumer.
    (b) The consumer selects the goods and purchases them by sending an
    electronic cheque to the merchant.
    (c) The merchant may validate the electronic cheque with its bank for
    payment
    authorization.
    (d) Assuming the cheque is validated, the merchant closes the transaction
    with the consumer.
    Step - 2: Depositing cheques at the merchants bank
    (a) The merchant electronically forwards the cheque to the bank.
    (b) The merchant bank forwards the e-cheque to the clearing house for
    cashing.
    (c) The clearing house with the consumer bank, clears the cheque and
    transfers the money to the merchants bank, which updates the merchant
    account.
    (d) The consumers bank updates the consumer with the withdrawal
    information.
    FSTC system
    The Financial Services Technology Corporation (FSTC) is a consortium of
    banks and clearing houses that has designed the electronic cheque.
    The electronic cheque system uses digital signature for signing and
    endorsing. FSTC offers users the choice of payment instruments that allow
    them to designate an electronic cheque as a certified cheque or an
    electronic charge card slip for greater flexibility.
    Cyber cash electronic cheque
    Cyber cash is an extension of a wallet for credit cards. Unlike the cyber cash
    credit card system, cyber cash will not serve as an intermediate party for
    processing cheques.

    3. Smart Cards
    Smart cards, containing microprocessors, are able to hold more
    informationthan cards based on the traditional magnetic strips. They help
    the cardholder to perform operations, especially of financial nature. Most of
    these methods areknown as stored value cards or electronic purse system.
    There are two types of smart cards, (a) relationship-based smart credit
    card and (b) electronic purses.
    (a) Relationship-based smart credit card
    As you must be aware, smart credit card is based on some kind of
    relationshipbetween a cardholder and an organization, such as between
    Delhi Metro andits commuters or between the users of toll bridges or
    highways, and the companythat has built them.
    Relationship-based smart credit card offers consumers the following
    options:
    On a smart credit card a customer can access many accounts, such as
    credit, debit, investments or stored value for e-cash.
    There are multifarious uses of smart credit card, such as payment of
    bills,
    access to cash, or funds transfer for selected accounts, etc.
    Smart credit cards provide access to ATMs, a screen phone, a PC, or
    interactive TVs anywhere and at all times.
    (b) Electronic purse and debit cards
    E-purse is a wallet-size smart card with programmable microchips that
    store monetary value in the form of money. After the purse is loaded with
    money at an ATM or through the use of aninexpensive special telephone, it
    can be used to pay for candy, for instance, in a vending machine equipped
    with a card reader.
    Credit Card-based Payment Systems
    So far, we have seen the problems associated with e-cash and electronic
    cheques. The credit card payment system on the Internet provides one
    possible time-tested alternative.
    The credit card provider makes the payment.
    We can divide the credit card system into three basic categories:
    (a) Payment made by simply furnishing the details of the credit card
    (b) Payment made by providing the encrypted details of the credit card
    (c) Payment made on the basis of verification by a third party
    (a) Payment using plain credit card details
    In plain credit card payments, unencrypted information is exchanged
    throughthe Internet or telephone lines. However, this system provides a
    low-level security as any snooper can read a credit card number, and

    programs can be created to scan the Internet traffic for credit card numbers
    and send the numbers.
    (b) Payment using encrypted credit card details
    In this type of credit card system, the credit card data is encrypted and fed
    into a browser or any other e-commerce devices and safely sent through the
    network from the buyers to the sellers.
    (c) Payment using third party verification
    This credit card system uses a third party for security. An organization that
    gathers and allows payments from one client to another is known as third
    party. Working of encrypted credit card system
    A consumer presents his credit card information along with his
    authentication signature (or PIN number) to a merchant server.
    The customers identity as the proprietor of the credit card account is
    authenticated by the merchant server.
    6) Being a regular user ofthe various services without probably
    knowing the technical aspects explain those services in details
    with an example.
    Local Area Network (LAN):- A LAN covers only a limited
    geographically area rangingfrom 0 to 2 Km, such as organizations, home,
    buildings. In a local area network,nodes are connected in a network and
    operating systems are installed on them.
    In this type of networking, generally, Cat 5 cable (8 wires) is used, meaning
    the connection is done through wire. However, there is another option of
    connecting LAN, which is WLAN, where connection is possible without
    wires. LAN storesthe system and application software that can be shared by
    the computers to other computers and peripherals. Most LANs connect
    nodes and computers.
    Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Metropolitan Area Network or
    MAN occupies a larger area compared to LAN, such as a town or
    auniversity/organization premises (which is spread between 05 km to 20
    km). It incorporates a number of LANs to form a network. This bulky
    network comprises of an optical fibre setup.

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