Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Imprint
Published by:
Evonik Industries AG
Catalysts Business Line
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4
63457 Hanau
Germany
Responsible for the content:
Dr. Jrgen Krauter
juergen.krauter@evonik.com
Concept and design:
United Arts
Agency for Communication and Design
Bahnhofstrae 2
65239 Hochheim
Germany
km@united-arts-web.de
Photography:
Robertino Nikolic
www.robertinonikolic.com
Contents
Introduction
Precious Metal Powder Catalysts
04
05
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
Questionnaire and
Ineractive Calculation Tool
16
17
18
19
Our Services
Brochures available from Catalysts
Accelerating
Your Chemistry
04
05
Evonik is a member of
Markets
Industrial Chemicals
and Intermediates
Polymers
Products
Supports for
Ziegler-Natta type catalysts
Batch
Continuous
Processes
Silane donors
Batch / Continuous
06
07
Our mission
Our vision
Sales offices
Production sites
Introduction
Precious Metal
Powder Catalysts
examples of possible
combinations
High activity
High selectivity
Good filterability
Good recyclability
precious metal
support
doping
Pd
Pt
Rh
Ru
C
Al2O3
SiO2
CaCO3
Fe
Pb
Cu
V
08
09
Precious Metal
Powder Catalysts
powdered,
heterogeneous catalysts
catalysts for
slurry phase reactions
precious metal
mounted on a support
highly dispersed,
stable metal crystallites
The Precious
Metal Cycle
Precious Metal Losses
in the Process
The fresh Precious Metal Powder Catalyst is used in
the catalytic process and recycled (i.e. re-used) where
this is applicable. In the chemical process precious
metal losses may occur which has various reasons:
Losses while handling the powder catalysts
Precious metal leaching in the process
Losses of fine catalyst particles in the filtration step
However, our technical experts are more than happy
to assist you to minimise the precious metal losses.
Treatment of Spent Catalysts
After the final usage of the catalyst, it is filtered off and
collected. The spent catalyst does not only contain the
precious metals, but also other chemicals originating from
the chemical process. These compounds can be solvents,
reactants and any other chemical that was in contact with
the catalyst. The spent catalysts should be contaminated
as little as possible with product and solvents. As a rule
of thumb, the cleaner a spent catalyst is, the lower the
refining costs.
Precious Metal Powder Catalysts need to be washed or
steamed before being packed and shipped to the refinery.
The spent catalyst should not be too wet or contain a
separate water layer. The filter cloths can be shipped in
the same drum as the spent catalyst if the filter cloths can
be burnt and if this is compatible with the refining process
(precious metal sampling after combustion, process 2,
below). If the precious metal content is determined
directly from the spent catalyst (precious metal sampling
before burning), no filter cloths or any other solids apart
from the catalyst are allowed. If the spent catalyst drums
contain filter cloths, it is advisable to use material that is
combustible. Filtration aids based on silica may entrap
precious metals, which lowers the recovery rate.
Refining
the Spent Catalyst
The precious metal cycle starts with the manufacture
of precious metal salt solutions from pure precious
metals. The solutions are used as a raw material in the
manufacture of Precious Metal Powder Catalysts, which
are shipped to you for use in your catalytic processes.
The spent catalysts are shipped to a metal refinery, where
the precious metals are extracted. This process leads
to a complete destruction of the catalyst, so this is not a
regeneration step, in which the material remains intact.
Once the precious metal is recovered this takes several
weeks it is booked to your precious metal weight
account. You own the precious metal weight account and
can close this account at any time. Precious metal is taken
from this account for the production of fresh catalyst.
This completes the precious metal cycle.
There is no recycling process without losses. As described, they can occur in the catalytic process and in the
metal refinery. Typically, the precious metal loss in the
catalytic process lies between 2 and 3 %. Figures above
5 % are considered high. Also, in the refining and
recovery process small losses cannot be avoided. The
precious metal loss depends on the nature of the spent
catalyst, the type of precious metal, and the refining
process. To keep the cycle filled with precious metal and
to compensate the unavoidable losses, small amounts
need to be bought.
Please note, you have to own only approximately 40 %
of the precious metal that is turned over in your process
to keep the cycle running. For example, if you consume
1 tonne of catalyst containing 50 kg of precious metal,
you only have to buy approximately 20 kg precious metal
to maintain the cycle.
10
11
catalyst production
catalytic process
substrate
product
1
2
3
Process 1
spent catalysts
combustible
homogenisation
of spent catalyst
sampling
combustion
chemical
desintegration
Process 2
spent catalysts
combustible
combustion
homogenisation
of ash
sampling
chemical
desintegration
Process 3
spent catalysts
not combustible
homogenisation
of spent catalyst
sampling
pyrometallurgical
processing in high
temperature furnace
electrolysis
sampling
The Recovery
Process
12
13
separation
of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru
precious
metal sponge
precious
metal solution
production of
fresh catalyst
2. Analysis
The samples are analysed using state-ofthe-art analytical methods. Our customers
can also take a sample of the homogenised
material to check the results independently.
The result of the analytical investigation
is the basis for billing and crediting the
precious metal to the weight account.
The amount of precious metal that is
credited is calculated from the analytical
result multiplied by the recovery rate. The
recovery rate, which takes precious metal
losses in the process into account, typically
varies between 90 and 99 % depending on
the process and the precious metal.
Packaging,
Transport and Legislation
Packaging
Process 1:
precious metal
sampling before
burning
Processes 2 & 3:
precious metal
sampling after
burning
14
15
Transport
and Legislation
Classification according
to European Waste Legislation
Questionnaire and
Interactive Calculation Tool
Questionnaire
Some metal refineries require a completed questionnaire that describes the spent catalyst
material. This is necessary to guarantee maximum safety for the operators in the metal refinery
plant. Therefore, we recommend sending the questionnaire together with the spent catalyst.
gross:
net:
dry powder
kg
kg
sludge
filter cake
spheres/extrudates
ca
ca
ca
%
%
%
ca
ca
ca
%
%
%
ca
ca
ca
%
%
%
non combustible
harmless
toxic
Flashpoint > 55 C
LD 50
harmfull
effects:
further information:
irritant
yes
corrosive
no
if yes:
5. Precautions to be observed when handling the material:
protective equipment and / or antidotes:
6. Classification according to transport regulations and dangerous substance- and preparations directives
yes
no
6.2 Dangerous material acc. to dangerous substance- and preparations directive: yes
no
no
yes
OECD-No
We confirm that the above mentioned data are complete and correct
place
date
as no
dangerous
material
16
17
Interactive
Calculation Tool
www.evonik.com/catalysts
kg/a
Calculation
in g and prices in Euro
in troy ounce and prices in US
Amount of precious metal contained therein
kg
kg*
Catalyst price
/kg
Recovery price
(per gram or troy ounce precious metal credited)
/g
/g
Interest Rate
(typically 2 % - 5 %)
%**
1. Catalyst Costs
2. Recovery Costs
4. Interest
Total
/a
/kg
Our Services
Financing
Transition borrowing
Long-term borrowing
Sell and lease-back
Options
Forwards
Futures
Please note:
securities are necessary,
e.g. a bank guarantee.
Brochures
available from
Catalysts
Deloxan
Metal Scavengers
18
19
Related Services
Homogeneous Catalysts
Europe
Evonik Degussa GmbH
Catalysts Business Line
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4
63457 Hanau
Germany
phone +49-6181-59-8721
fax
+49-6181-59-2699
North America
Evonik Degussa Corporation
379 Interpace Parkway
P.O. Box 677
Parsippany, NJ 07054-0677
USA
phone +1-800-422-8773
fax +1-973-541-8504
China
Evonik Degussa (China) Co. Ltd.
55 Chundong Road
Xinzhuang Industry Park
Shanghai 201108
China
phone +86-21-6119-1461
fax
+86-21-6119-1142
South America
Evonik Degussa Brazil Ltda.
Catalysts Business Line
Alameda Campinas, 579
5th floor
01404-000 So Paulo-SP
Brazil
phone +55-11-3146-4114
fax
+55-11-3146-4199
Australia
Evonik Degussa (China) Co. Ltd.
55 Chundong Road
Xinzhuang Industry Park
Shanghai 201108
China
phone +86-21-6119-1460
fax
+86-21-6119-1142
India
Evonik Degussa India Pvt. Ltd.
Krislon House,
Opp. Marwah Centre,
Saki Vihar Road,
Saki Naka,
Andheri ( E ),
Mumbai 400 072
India
phone +91-22-6723-8800
fax +91-22-6723-8811
Indonesia
PT. Jebsen & Jessen Chemicals
Graha Inti Fauzi, 7th floor
Jl. Buncit Raya No. 22
Jakarta 12510
Indonesia
phone +62-21-2753-7177
fax +62-21-2753-7188/89
Iran
Degussa Iran AG
No. 20 Kish St., Africa Ave.
P.O.Box 15875-3998
Jahan-E-Kudak Crossroad
Tehran
Iran
phone +98-21-8877 5249
fax
+98-21-8879 7815
Japan
Evonik Degussa Japan Co. Ltd.
Catalysts Business Line
Shinjuku Monolith 12th floor
P.O. Box 7016
2-3-1 Nishi Shinjuku
Shinjuku-ku
Tokyo 163-0938
Japan
phone +81-3-5323-7363
fax
+81-3-5323-8789
Korea
Evonik Degussa Korea Ltd.
94, Galsan 1-dong, Bupyeong-gu
403-081 Incheon
Korea
phone +82-32-510-2419
fax
+82-32-505-2510
Evonik Industries AG
Catalysts Business Line
catalysts@evonik.com
www.evonik.com/catalysts
www.evonik.com
Middle East
Evonik Degussa Gulf FZE
P.O. Box 293594 Location:
Phase 6 A - East Block Office 511
Dubai Airport Free Zone
Dubai, UAE
phone +971-4-204-5580
fax
+971-4-204-5581
Russia
OOO Evonik Chimia
Zemljanij Val 58a, Building 2
RF-109028 Moscow
phone +7 095 721-2862
fax
+7 095 721-2852
Singapore
Jebsen & Jessen Chemicals (S) Pte Ltd
2 Corporation Rd. #06-03 (Main Lobby)
Corporation Place
Singapore 61894
Singapore
phone +65-6305-3488
fax +65-6305-3461
Thailand
Jebsen & Jessen Chemicals(T) Ltd.
23/110-117 Sorachai Bldg.,
25-29th floor
Soi Sukhumvit 63 (Ekamai),
Sukhumvit Road
Klongton Nua, Wattana,
Bangkok 10110
Thailand
phone +66-2-787-8752
fax +66-2-787-8777
Taiwan
Degussa Taiwan Ltd.
9th floor, 133, Min Sheng East Rd.
Sec. 3, Taipei, Taiwan,
105 R.O.C.
phone +886-2-2717-1242
fax
+886-2-2717-2106