Graphical Representation of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction in The Plane Wall, Long Cylinder, and Sphere

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5S.1
Graphical Representation of
One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction
in the Plane Wall, Long Cylinder, and Sphere
In Sections 5.5 and 5.6, one-term approximations have been developed for transient,
one-dimensional conduction in a plane wall (with symmetrical convection conditions)
and radial systems (long cylinder and sphere). The results apply for Fo ! 0.2 and can
conveniently be represented in graphical forms that illustrate the functional dependence of the transient temperature distribution on the Biot and Fourier numbers.
Results for the plane wall (Figure 5.6a) are presented in Figures 5S.1 through
5S.3. Figure 5S.1 may be used to obtain the midplane temperature of the wall, T(0, t) !
To(t), at any time during the transient process. If To is known for particular values of
Fo and Bi, Figure 5S.2 may be used to determine the corresponding temperature at
any location off the midplane. Hence Figure 5S.2 must be used in conjunction with
Figure 5S.1. For example, if one wishes to determine the surface temperature (x* "
#1) at some time t, Figure 5S.1 would first be used to determine To at t. Figure 5S.2
would then be used to determine the surface temperature from knowledge of To. The
100 50
30
20
10
9
7
6
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
2.5
0.3
2.0
0.2
0
0.1 0.3 0.5
1
2
To T
*o = __o = _______
i Ti T
0.1
0
0.8 1.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.4
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.03
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.02
0.4
0.01
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.002
0.001
90 100
0.2
0
0.05
0
6
5
8
7
14
10 12
25
20
30
Bi 1 = k/hL
50 60 70 80
35 40
45
18
16
4
3
2.5
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.2 1.6
4 6 8 10 121416 18 2022 24262830405060708090
110 130 150
300 400 500 600 700
t* = ( t/L2) = Fo
FIGURE 5S.1
Midplane temperature as a function of time for a plane wall of thickness 2L [1]. Used with permission.
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5S.1
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Representations of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction
1.0
0.2
0.9
0.8
0.4
0.7
x/L
0.6 0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.2 0.9
0.1
1.0
0
0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2
0.5 1.0
2 3 5
10 20
50 100
(k/hL) = Bi 1
FIGURE 5S.2 Temperature distribution in a plane wall of thickness 2L [1]. Used

with permission.
procedure would be inverted if the problem were one of determining the time required
for the surface to reach a prescribed temperature.
Graphical results for the energy transferred from a plane wall over the
time interval t are presented in Figure 5S.3. These results were generated from
Equation 5.46. The dimensionless energy transfer Q/Qo is expressed exclusively in
terms of Fo and Bi.
Results for the infinite cylinder are presented in Figures 5S.4 through 5S.6, and
those for the sphere are presented in Figures 5S.7 through 5S.9, where the Biot
number is defined in terms of the radius ro.
1.0
Qo 0.5
50
20
10
0.6
Q
___
0.7
= 0.
0.00 001
2
0.0
05
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.5
0.9
h L /k
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Bi =
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T T
__ _______
=
o To T
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0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 5
10
104
103
102
101
( )
10
102
103
104
h t = Bi2 Fo
____
k2
FIGURE 5S.3 Internal energy change as a function of time for a plane wall of thickness
2L [2]. Adapted with permission.
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5S.1
1.0
100
50
30
18
0.7
12
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
3.5
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.5
1.0
0.7
3.0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.1
0
25
0.2
To T
*o = __o = _______
i Ti T
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.03
2.0
1.6
1.4
2.5
1.8
0.8
3.5
2.0
2.53.0
50
0.1
60
0.001
70
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.002
80
0.6
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.003
90
12
1.0
0.01
100
14
10
1.2
0.02
Bi 1 = k/hro
20
18
16
45
4
30
35
40
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100 115 130 150200
( t /r o2) = Fo
FIGURE 5S.4 Centerline temperature as a function of time for an infinite cylinder of radius ro [1]. Used with permission.
1.0
0.2
0.9
0.8 0.4
__ _______
T T
=
o To T
0.7
0.6
r/ro
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3 0.8
0.2
0.9
0.1
1.0
0
0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2
0.5 1.0
2 3 5
10 20
50 100
(k/hro) = Bi 1
FIGURE 5S.5 Temperature distribution in an infinite cylinder of radius ro [1]. Used with
permission.
300
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5S.1
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1.0
0.9
0.8
50
20
10
0.5
= 0.
ro /k
0.4
=h
Qo
001
0.00
2
0.00
5
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.6
Q
___
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.7
Bi
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 5
10
104
103
102
101
( )
102
10
103
104
h t = Bi2 Fo
____
k2
FIGURE 5S.6 Internal energy change as a function of time for an infinite cylinder of
radius ro [2]. Adapted with permission.
The foregoing charts may also be used to determine the transient response of a
plane wall, an infinite cylinder, or sphere subjected to a sudden change in surface
temperature. For such a condition it is only necessary to replace T$ by the prescribed
surface temperature Ts and to set Bi%1 equal to zero. In so doing, the convection coefficient is tacitly assumed to be infinite, in which case T$ " Ts.
1.0
50
35
30
100
0.7
14
0.5
0.4
0.3
6
5
0.2
1.0
0 0.2
0
1.4
0.75
2.0
2.6
3.0
0.7
3.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
60
14
0.1
To T
*o = __o = _______
i Ti T
0.1
25
18
12
0.07
2.8 3.0
2.6
0.05
0.04
0.03
2.4
2.2
2.0
0.02
1.8
10
89
45
40
35
3.5
30
1.6
0.01
1.4
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.5
0.35
0.05
0.002
0.001
0.75
1.0
25
1.2
20
18
16
0.2
0.1
Bi 1 = k/hro
50
12
5 6
100
70 80 90
3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 15 20
30
40 45 50 70 90
t* = ( t /r 2o) = Fo
FIGURE 5S.7 Center temperature as a function of time in a sphere of radius ro [1]. Used with permission.
130
170
210
250
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5S.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.2
0.4
__ _______
T T
=
o To T
0.7
r/ro
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.9
0.1
0 1.0
0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2
0.5 1.0 2 3 5
(k/hro) = Bi 1
10 20
50 100
FIGURE 5S.8 Temperature distribution in a sphere of radius ro [1]. Used with permission.
1.0
0.9
0.4
0.3
50
20
10
101
102
0.5
Qo 0.5
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.00
2
0.00
5
0.0
1
0.02
Q
___
Bi =
0.7
hr /
o k=
0.00
1
0.8
0.2
0.1
0 5
10
104
103
( )
10
102
103
h t = Bi 2 Fo
____
2
k
FIGURE 5S.9 Internal energy change as a function of time for a sphere of radius ro [2].
Adapted with permission.
References
1. Heisler, M. P., Trans. ASME, 69, 227236, 1947.
2. Grber, H., S. Erk, and U. Grigull, Fundamentals of Heat
Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961.
104

Graphical Representation of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction in The Plane Wall, Long Cylinder, and Sphere

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4 6 8 10 121416 18 2022 24262830405060708090

110 130 150

300 400 500 600 700

Representations of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction

FIGURE 5S.2 Temperature distribution in a plane wall of thickness 2L [1]. Used

Representations of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100 115 130 150200

Representations of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction

Representations of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction

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