MATH 230

VECTOR CALCULUS AND ANALYSIS

SECTION 3

Let C be a simple closed smooth curve that lies in the plane x + y + z = 1.

Show that the line integral
!
z dx 2x dy + 3y dz
C

depends only on the area of the region enclosed by C and not on the shape
of C or its location in the plane.
Solution: Let S be the portion of the given plane enclosed by C, and
let D be the projection of S to the xy-plane. Then S has the following
parametrisation:
r(x, y) = "x, y, 1 x y#,
rx = "1, 0, 1#,

ry = "0, 1, 1#,

rx ry = "1, 1, 1#.

Then by Stokes Theorem, we have

!
!
z dx 2x dy + 3y dz = "z, 2x, 3y# dr
C
!C!
=
curl"z, 2x, 3y# dr
! !S
=
"3, 1, 2# dr
! !S
"3, 1, 2# "1, 1, 1# dA
=
D
!!
=
2 dA,
D

and also
A(S) =

!!

|rx ry | dA =

!!

3 dA,

and hence the desired line integral is equal to

!!

!!

3
3
A(S),
2 dA =
3 dA =
2
2
D
D
so it only depends on the surface area of S.
Section 17.9
The questions in this section are not to be turned in with Assignment 14,
since we have not yet covered this section. They are included here to give a
reference for studying for the final.
4. (3 points)
Verify that the Divergence Theorem is true for the vector field F(x, y, z) =
"x, y, z# on the region E, where E is the unit ball x2 + y 2 + z 2 1.

HW #14 SOLUTIONS

Solution: First we compute

""

F dS by using the parametrisation

r(, ) = "sin cos , sin sin , cos #

over the domain D = {(, ) | 0 , 0 2}. A computation as
above shows that
r r = "sin2 cos , sin2 sin , sin cos #.
Thus we have
!!

F dS =

!!

"sin cos , sin sin , cos #

"sin2 cos , sin2 sin , sin cos # dA

!!
=
sin dA
D
! 2 !
sin d d
=
0

= 2[ cos ]0 = 4.
Upon observing that div F = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3, we have
!!!

div F dV =

!!!

3 dV = 3V (E) = 3

4
= 4,
3

just as claimed by the Divergence Theorem.

10. (3 points)
Use the Divergence Theorem to calculate the flux of F(x, y, z) = x2 y i +
xy 2 j + 2xyz k across the surface S of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes
x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, and x + 2y + z = 2.
Solution: Let E be the given tetrahedron, then
!!

F dS =

!!!

div F dV =

!!!

6xy dV.

The region E is given by

E = {(x, y, z) | 0 y 1, 0 x 2 2y, 0 z 2 x 2y},

MATH 230

VECTOR CALCULUS AND ANALYSIS

SECTION 3

and so we have
!!!
! 1 ! 22y ! 2x2y
6xy dV =
6xy dz dx dy
E
0
0
0
! 1 ! 22y
=
12xy 6x2 y 12xy 2 dx dy
0
0
! 1
=
[6x2 y 2x3 y 6x2 y 2 ]22y
dy
0
0
! 1
=
6 4(1 y)2 y 2 8 (1 y)3 y 6 4 (1 y)2 y 2 dy
0
! 1
=8
3(y y 2 )(1 y)2 2y(1 y)3 dy
0
! 1
=8
3y(1 y)3 2y(1 y)3 dy
0
! 1
=8
y(1 y)3 dy
0
! 1
=8
y 3y 2 + 3y 3 y 4 dy
0

3
1
1
= 8 y y3 + y4 y5
2
4
5
#
$
1
3 1
=8
1+
2
4 5
#
$
1 1
8
2
=8

=
= .
4 5
20
5

$1
0

18. (3 points)
Let F(x, y, z) = z tan1 (y 2 ) i + z 3 ln(x2 + 1) j + z k. Find the flux of F
across the part of the paraboloid x2 + y 2 + z = 2 that lies above the plane
z = 1 and is oriented upward.
Solution: Let S be the given part of the paraboloid. The given integral
is too complicated to compute directly; however, we can use the Divergence
Theorem to relate it to the flux of F across the surface S " which is given as
a disc in the plane z = 1, with radius 1, centred at (0, 0, 1). Observe that
S (S " ) is a closed surface with outward orientation (here we write S "
to indicate downward orientation), and so
!!!
!!
!!
!!
F dS =
div F dV,
F dS
F dS =
S

S!

S(S ! )

where E is the region between the two surfaces S " and S. Now we have
div F = 1, and hence writing D for the unit disc, we see that the final

10

HW #14 SOLUTIONS

integral is given by
!!!
! ! ! 2x2 y2
1 dV =
1 dz dA
E
D 1
!!
!
2
2
=
1 x y dA =

1
1
= 2 r2 r4
2
4
Thus

!!

$1

(1 r2 )r dr d

= /2.

F dS = /2 +

!!

S!

F dS,

and S " may be parametrised by r(x, y) = "x, y, 1# with (x, y) D, and hence
rx ry = "0, 0, 1#, hence the flux across S " is
!!
!!
F dS =
"tan1 y 2 , ln(x2 + 1), 1# "0, 0, 1# dA
!
S
! !D
=
1 dA = .
D

Thus in the end we obtain

!!

F dS = /2 + = 3/2.