OBJECTIVES

Find out what programmable functions are included with the machine and learn
how they are programmed

To learn more about turning process using the computerized function

To get the comparison between the manual machine and the computerized machine

To master how to generate the code of the machine

Understand the machines basic components.

Know the machines directions of motion or axes.

Familiarize yourself with any machine equipped accessories.

INTRODUCTION

CNC equipment offers important benefits.The abbreviation CNC stands for computer
numerical control, and refers specifically to a computer "controller" that reads G-code
instructions and drives the machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to
fabricate metal components by the selective removal of metal. CNC does numerically
directed interpolation of a cutting tool in the work envelope of a machine. The operating
parameters of the CNC can be altered via software load program.
Improved automation has dramatically cut down the need for a machine operator and
CNCs can run unattended during an entire machining cycle, freeing the operator for
other tasks. CNCs today are unbelievably accurate, especially in repeatability
specifications. The flexibility of a CNC can run a variety of different programs and have
work pieces leading to fast changeovers and set ups. Motion control is the basic function
of any CNC machine.

APPARATUS

Machine: CNC Turning Center

CNC Machine Center

Paper

Stationary

PROCEDURE
1. The on/off button is switched on.
2. The reference point is set. It also called as positioning or homing.
3. The dimension of the workpiece is taken to make us easy to generate the code.
4. Consider what the tool will be machining.
5. Adjust the tool offsets for the tool to machine to size and check to see what
direction its leaving excess stock.
6. The offset setting is created.
7. Allow the tool to completely machine the workpiece.
8. Measure what the tool has done, rerun the tool, and confirm measurements that
the new offset values are correct.
9. When offset setting done,input the codes.
10. Turning process is fully done.

RESULT
TURNING

FACING

INTRO: 02104;
G28 U0W0;
S500 M03;
T07 07;

INTRO:08256;
G28 U0W0;
S500 M03;
T07 07;

BODY:G00 Z10;
G00 X18;
G01 Z30 . F0.5;
G00 X40;

BODY: G00 Z-1;

G00 X20;
G01 X-5 . F0.5;
G00 Z20;

END:G28 U0 W0;
M30;

END: G28 U0 W0;

M30;

DISCUSSION
In this CNC Turning session we learn more about turning process using CNC
machining.Athough we have not given the workpiece to do by ourselves,we are shown
the process by the demostrater.Processes that produce cylindrical parts as small as
cylindrical screws for eyeglass-frame hinges and as large as turbine shaft for
hydroelectric power plants.
This CNC machine use federate system.Feedrate is referred to how much the cutting tool
will cut the workpiece in 1 minute. Different feedrate will cause the different type of
surface. So, we have to make sure that the feedrate is suitable with the surface area of the
workpiece before create the program code.
Turning process using CNC machine have reference point that must be set before the
process is run.Reference point is divided into two types. They are machine datum and the
other one is workpiece datum. Datum is a measurement of dimension. But in this process,
datum is not very stressed out. CNC Turing only have two axis that are X and Z axis
compared to CNC milling process have three axis that are X, Y, and Z axis.
In this process we have offset setting.A better way of assigning program zero is through
offset. Offsets in your CNC control are storage locations into which numerical values can
be placed, keeping you from having to keep entering the number again and again with
redundant calculations. Machining center controllers call it fixture offsets. Turning center
manufacturers refer to it as geometry offsets.
In order to operate this machine we have to know about the code,this machine use Gcode system and also M-code.G-codes are also called preparatory codes, and are any
word in a CNC program that begins with the letter G. Generally it is a code telling the
machine tool what type of action to perform, such as:

rapid move
controlled feed move in a straight line or arc
series of controlled feed moves that would result in a hole being bored, a
workpiece cut (routed) to a specific dimension, or a decorative profile shape
added to the edge of a workpiece.
change a pallet
set tool information such as offset.

There are three basic motion types:

1. Modal---they remain in effect until changed.
2. End point---this motion is specified in each motion command.
3. Rapid---this motion type is used to command motion at the machines fastest
possible rate to minimize non-productive time during the machining cycle.

SUGGESTIONS
During do the CNC turning we have to be carefull because it is a machine that is quite
dangerous to us without any knowledge.So that,before we operate the machine especially
CNC turing machine we have to know how to use or perfume it.Beside that, we have to
make sure the screen of protection is closed during the process to prevent the chips from
entering our eyes.Lastly,do not set a tool when a machine is running.

CONCLUSSION
We are successfully achieved the objectives of this experiment.Now, we have been able
to generate the codes and run the program successfully without any error. Now we know
how to adapt with any style of CNC machine tool.We are capable in make the program
running in turning process. Learning how to operate a CNC machine is simply knowing
when each procedure is required and following the basic sequence to attain the machines
desired function.We realize that CNC machining is important in industries nowdays in
order to live in our country toward development.

REFERENCE

MME 1103 Workshop Technology Manual

MME 1103 Workshop Technology notes

The briefing from the demonstrator, Bro.Mohd Shahdan b.Mat Said

ANSWERS FOR QUESTIONS

1.List the steps of operating the machine starting with;
i.
ON/OFF the machine
o Switch the isolating switch
o Switch machine switch
o Press on NC power
o Release emergency button
o Press the sinusoidal sign

ii.

Reference set-up
o Press on positioning button (POS)
o Press ALL at the choice menu
o Refer to machine column
o Press handwhell button (hw)
o Select axis
o Select speed X1(fatest)
o Rotate the toggle
o Press on 0 return button
o Press on cycle start (enter button)

iii.

Tool offset set-up

o Press offset setting button
o Press offset
o Press Geom
o Use tool T11
1. Set Z as 0
-move the tool until it touch the surface
-key in Z as 0
-press major
2. Set X as 0
-measure the diameter
-touch tool at the
-key in X30.5
-press measure
o When offset setting done,input the codes
o When want to run code
-press auto button
-press single block
-press coolant

2.Write a program on turning and facing process

TURNING

FACING

INTRO: 02104;
G28 U0W0;
S500 M03;
T07 07;

INTRO:08256;
G28 U0W0;
S500 M03;
T07 07;

BODY:G00 Z10;
G00 X18;
G01 Z30 . F0.5;
G00 X40;

BODY: G00 Z-1;

G00 X20;
G01 X-5 . F0.5;
G00 Z20;

END:G28 U0 W0;
M30;

END: G28 U0 W0;

M30;

3.Give 3 advantages of using CNC turning machine compare to

conventional machine.
-

it will give better accuracy

it will reduce errors
it will cause less errors
make the workpiece nice and neat.