OBJECTIVES

To learn about the functions about the turning lathe machine

To acknowledge the turning methods using lathe machine
To know and identify the parts of lathe machine and other tools and equipment used
in handling the machine
To know the operation of the lathe machine

INTRODUCTION
The lathe turning machine is a machine in which the work piece is the one rotating against
the cutting tool. This machine has three axes: x and z axes moves right and left while the yaxis moves back and forth. This lathe machine consists of the major component groups:
carriage, tailstock, quick-change gearbox, bed, head stock and a base or pedestal. Also, this
lathe machine can perform several operations such as:
a. Facing

f. Cutoff

b. Taper turning

g. Threading

c. Contour turning

h. Boring

d. Form turning

i. Drilling

e. Chamfering

j. Knurling

APPARATUS

Goggle

Vernier calliper

Centre lathe machine

Solid cylinder

Drill chuck

Centre drill

Drill bit size 7.5

Drill bit size 8.5

Drill bit size 10.0

Chuck wrench

Facing tool

Turning tool

Grooving tool

Chamfering tool

Air compressor

PROCEDURE
For this workshop, the turning process is divided into two parts: turning 1 and turning 2.

TURNING 1
This part consists of several cutting operation and that is turning, facing, centre drill and
drilling, tapering and grooving.
1. Firstly, we need to prepare the work piece 30 mm 75 mm length

2.

The work piece is then were clamped to the three jaw chuck

3. Then, we do the facing process with the spindle speed of 860 rpm to obtain flat and
smooth surface.

4. Next, we do the rough turning process to make 28 mm 52 mm by using the

spindle speed of 860 rpm.

5. After the desired dimensions has been achieved, the spindle speed was change to 430
rpm to perform the finishing process to get a very smooth and flat surface with
dimension of 27 mm 53 mm.

6.

Then, we change back the spindle speed to 860 rpm and removed the centre remover
with drill chuck to perform the rough drilling process to obtain 10 mm 20 depth.
Dont forget to use the coolant while drilling. Step by step we used
i.

Centre drill

ii.

Drill bit size 7.5 mm 19 depth

iii.

Drill bit size 8.5 mm 19 depth

7. After the rough drilling, we change the spindle speed to 430 rpm to perform the
finishing process with 10 mm 20 depth.

8. Finally, we continue with grooving by using grooving tool bit with spindle speed of
430 rpm and coolant.

TURNING 2
This part consists of three parts: facing, turning and chamfering.
1. Firstly, we clamped the work piece to the three jaw chuck for the other side of the
work piece.

2. Then, we do the facing process to obtain flat and smooth surface until the surface is
17 mm.

3. Next, we continue with rough turning process until we obtain the 29 mm

4. After the rough turning, we continue with the finishing turning to get a smooth and
flat surface of 28 mm by using spindle speed of 430 rpm.

5. Finally, we do the chamfering process by 1mm 1mm at the edge of the work piece
with spindle speed of 860 rpm.

RESULTS AND DRAWINGS

Please refer to the figure for results and drawing.

DISCUSSONS
For the first part of the turning process, the demonstrator had briefly explained to us the
procedures, the machines and the tools required to perform the turning process. For the lathe
turning machine there were three axes: x-axis and z-axis moves right and left while y-axis
moves back and forth. We were given three tool bit: turning and finishing, grooving, and
chamfering tool bit. Firstly, we set the reference to zero and then we were asked to do the
facing process to get flat and smooth surface of the work piece.
After that we must measure the work piece using vernier calliper before doing the rough and
finishing turning to get the required dimensions for the work piece. For the rough turning
process, the tool used had 20 mm/rev. So for the rough turning process we were required to
get 52 mm length. So this means 2 complete revolutions and the last round is up until 12 mm
of the x-axis. Same procedure for the finishing process where it required 53 mm length
which means 2 complete revolutions and the last round is up to 13 mm.
For the drilling process, we used three for drill of different diameter. Firstly we use the centre
drill. Our demonstrator said that we can just drill straight using the 10 mm drill but this
would damage both the work piece and the drill. So, to protect them we must follow the steps
of using the drill. We were also reminded to use the coolant while drilling. The coolant which
consists of water and oil helps to reduce the heat produce while drilling process is on
operation. This also can protect both the drill and the work piece from damage.
For the second part of the turning process, this time we used the other part of the work piece.
For chamfering we put the chamfering tool at the edge of the work piece and carefully
chamfered it. To get good results and surface finished we must follow the steps with care and
determination to have a good work piece.

There are several safety rules and precautions that need to be reminded when we perform this
process.

Always wear goggle so that we can protect our eyes from the unwanted work piece
during every process.

Make sure that when we do the drilling and grooving process we used the coolant.
This is to reduce heat produce from those processes and it can protect both the work
piece and the tools.

When we measure the dimensions with vernier calliper, make sure our eyes were
straight with the work piece. This is to avoid parallax error and it can improved our
result in having good final work piece.

Make sure while handling the lathe machine we must always aware and be careful
because if we dont we might hurt ourselves or break the machine or tools.

Make sure every time we put in the drill chuck, while clamping the work piece or
putting in the centre remover we must make sure that we lock the tool. This is to
prevent any loose or to avoid any accident.

Make sure after we finished our work piece we clean up the workshop area to have a
clean and tidy workshop area for other people use.

SUGGESTIONS
There are few suggestions to improve this workshop session.

While we were handling the machine, make sure that we have some information about
the machine: about its operations and functions. We can read the manual first before
coming to workshop and asks the demonstrator or the technician to supervise us while
we handle the machine.

Always ask the demonstration or technician if we had any doubt and do not ever try to
the process without the supervision or permission from them. This is to prevent any
wrong in the processes and to make sure that the tools were not damaged.

While measuring the dimension, we must make sure that we know how to measure
and what to measure so that we dont waste our time and we can get the real
dimensions.

Make sure every time before we start our machine we check every tool, machine,
work piece is in the correct place and tightened and also to check the area around us
even our partner to apply PPE. This is for our own safety and lives.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. Calculate the time required for running a steel shaft with 50 mm diameter and 100
mm length to a 40.4 diameter. The feed given is 0.8 mm/rev for the both rough and
finished turning; the cutting speed is 25 m/min and depth cut is 4 mm.
Cutting time (T) = L / fN ; where the L is length, f and N is the feed and of rough or
finishing turning respectively.
T= L / fN
= 100 / (0.8 25)
= 5 minutes

2. Using the information given above, calculate the MMR of the turning operation.
MMR= diameter avg d f N
= 40.4 50.0 0.8 25.0
= 126920.3 mm3 / min

3.

Determine the feed per minute required to turn a work piece on a lathe at the spindle
speed 1000 rpm and the tool feed is 0.26 mm / rev.
0.26 mm/ rev (1 rev / 360)
= 7.22 10-4 mm / min

Feed, f = V / N
= 7.22 10-4 / 1000
= 7.22 10-7 mm/ rev

CONCLUSION
Overall, we finally finished our workshop session. From this session we get much
information about the lathe machine, tools used and its function. We also get to develop our
skills in handling the lathe turning machine, drilling, measuring and even cleaning. We have
so much fun and we think that this session had made us understand the process involved in

completing the work piece. So, as a conclusion, lathe machine is important as it provides
basics teaching in handling the machine manually and the skills developed can be use in the
industrial engineering to produce greater inventions.
REFERRENCE
MME 11023 Workshop Technology manual
MME 1103 Workshop Technology notes