Experiments Data:

No
.
1.

Procedure

Hypothesis

Observation

Conclusion

Preparation of double salt

CuSO4.5H2O (s) +
(NH4)2SO4 (s) + H2O (l)
CuSO4.
(NH4)2SO4.6H2O (s)

Double salt: CuSO4.

(NH4)2SO4.6H2O has mass
0.98213 g
the percentage rendement
is 49.17%

2.

Preparation of complex salt

NH4OH (aq) +
CuSO4.5H2O (s)
Cu(NH3)4SO4.5H2O (s)
Complex salt is formed
from two substances
which one has role as
central atom and the other

Before:
CuSO4.5H2O (s) = blue,
1.24 grams
(NH4)2SO4 (s) = white,
0.66 grams
After:
Both mixed + H2O
become clear blue (+++
++)
After placed in ice bath,
blue crystal is formed.
Mass of crystal formed
= 2.218 grams
Mass of crystal after
dried:
w1 = 0.9908 grams
w2 = 0.9781 grams
w3 = 0.9776 grams
Before:
CuSO4.5H2O (s) = blue,
1.24 grams
Ammonia = colorless,
5mL
Ethanol = colorless
After:

Complex salt:
Cu(NH3)4SO4.5H2O
has mass 0.7226 g
the percentage rendement
is 41.35%

as ligand.

3.

Test for double salt

With aquadest
CuSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O +
H2O Cu2+ + 2SO42- +
2NH4+ + 7H2O
With NaOH
CuSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O +
NaOH NH4OH +
Na2SO4

CuSO4.5H2O + ammonia
= blue turbid (+)
Added ethanol = blue
turbid (++)
After 30 minutes, there
are two layers, upper is
colorless and bottom is
blue (++)
Washed by ammonia =
blue solid (+++)
Mass of crystal formed
= 2.4076 grams
Mass of crystal after
dried:
w1 = 0.7288 grams
w2 = 0.7195 grams
w3 = 0.7194 grams
Before:
Double salt crystal =
blue (+)
Aquadest = colorless
HCl = colorless
NaOH = colorless
After:
Double salt crystal +
aquadest = clear blue (+
++)
Double salt + aquadest =

With aquadest, double salt

is ionized well.
With HCl, double salt is
ionized well.
With NaOH, double salt
forms new compound.

clear blue (++)

Double salt + HCl =
clear blue (++)
Double salt + NaOH =
turbid blue (++)

Test for complex salt

With aquadest
Cu(NH3)4SO4.5H2O + H2O
NH4OH (aq) + CuSO4
(s) + 5H2O (l)

Before:
Complex salt crystal =
blue (+)
Aquadest = colorless
HCl = colorless
NaOH = colorless
After:
Complex salt crystal +
aquadest = turbid blue
(+++)
Complex salt + aquadest
= turbid blue (+)
Complex salt + HCl =
colorless
Complex salt + NaOH =

Addition of aquadest,
HCl, and NaOH can cause
the changing of ligand in
complex salt.

turbid blue (+)

Double salt:
CuSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O
CuSO4 + (NH4)2SO4 +
6H2O
Complex salt:
Cu(NH3)4SO4.5H2O
CuSO4 + 5H2O + NH3
Flame test will give green
color because it has cupric
anhydrate.

Double:
After heated = tosca.
After tested by litmus
paper = blue color (base)
After tested by spatula
with HCl = green
Melting point = 250C
Complex:
After heated = green.
After tested by litmus
paper = red color (acid)

Flame test of complex salt

give green color (cupric).
Double salt has base
characteristic.
Melting point of double
salt is 250C.
Complex salt has acid
characteristic.
Melting point of complex
salt is 310C.

Double salt has ionic

bond, the melting point is
285C
Complex salt has
coordination of covalent
bond, the melting point is
360C

After tested by spatula

with HCl = green
Melting point = 310C

ATTACHMENT
Calculation
1. Preparation of double salt
n CuSO4.5H2O = 0.005 moles
molar mass CuSO4.5H2O = 249.5 g/mole
mass CuSO4.5H2O = molar mass CuSO4.5H2O x mole CuSO4.5H2O
mass CuSO4.5H2O = 249.5 g/mole x 0.005 moles
mass CuSO4.5H2O = 1.2475 grams
n (NH4)2SO4 = 0.005 moles
molar mass (NH4)2SO4 = 132 g/mole
mass (NH4)2SO4 = molar mass CuSO4.5H2O x mole CuSO4.5H2O
mass (NH4)2SO4 = 132 g/mole x 0.005 moles
mass (NH4)2SO4 = 0.66 grams
v H2O = 5mL
mass H2O = v H2O . H2O = 5mL x 1g/mL = 5 grams
molar mas H2O = 18 g/mole
mol H2O = mass H2O /molar mass H2O
mol H2O = 5/18 = 0.2778 moles
Reaction:
Initial
Reaction
Remains

CuSO4.5H2O +
0.2778 mol
0.005 mol
0.2728 mol

(NH4)2SO4 +
0.005 mol
0.005 mol
-

H2O
0.005 mol
0.005 mol
-

Mass of reaction is 1.9975 grams

Remain substance of H2O
n CuSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O = 0.005 moles
n H2Oremain = 0.2728 moles
mass H2Oremain = mol H2O x molar mass H2O
mass H2Oremain = 0.2728 moles x 18 g/mole
mass H2Oremain = 4.9104 grams
v H2Oremain = mass/ = 4.9104/1 = 4.9104 mL
Mass of double salt (rendement):
w1 = 0.9908 grams
w2 = 0.9781 grams
average of w = 0.9822 grams
% = (average of mass / mass of reaction) x 100%
% = (0.9822/1.9975) x 100%
% = 49.17%

CuSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O
0.005 mol
0.005 mol

w3 = 0.9776 grams

2. Preparation of complex salt

n CuSO4.5H2O = 0.005 moles
molar mass CuSO4.5H2O = 249.5 g/mole
mass CuSO4.5H2O = molar mass CuSO4.5H2O x mole CuSO4.5H2O
mass CuSO4.5H2O = 249.5 g/mole x 0.005 moles
mass CuSO4.5H2O = 1.2475 grams
v NH4OH = 5mL
NH4OH = 0.91 g/mL

mass NH4OH = v NH4OH . NH4OH = 5mL x 0,91 g/mL = 4.55 grams

molar mas NH4OH = 35 g/mole
mol NH4OH = mass NH4OH /molar mass NH4OH = 4.55/35 = 0.13 moles
Reaction:
Initial
Reaction
Remains

CuSO4.5H2O +
0.005 mol
0.005 mol
-

NH4OH
0.13 mol
0.005 mol
0.125 mol

Cu(NH3)4SO4.5H2O
0.005 mol
0.005 mol

Mass of reaction is 1.7475 grams

Remain substance of NH4OH
n CuSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O = 0.005 moles
n NH4OH remain = 0.125 moles
mass NH4OH remain = mol NH4OH x molar mass NH4OH
mass NH4OH remain = 0.125 x 35 = 4.375 grams
Mass of complex salt (rendement):
w1 = 0.7288 grams
w2 = 0.7195 grams
w3 = 0.7194 grams
average of w = 0.7226 grams
% = (average of mass / mass of reaction) x 100%
% = (0.7226/1.7175) x 100%
% = 41.35%

ATTACHMENT
Answer of Question
1. Calculate the percentage result from experiment 1 and 2!
Answer:
The percentage result from experiment 1 is:
% = (average of mass / mass of reaction) x 100%
% = (0.9822/1.9975) x 100%
% = 49.17%
The percentage result from experiment 2 is:
% = (average of mass / mass of reaction) x 100%
% = (0.7226/1.7175) x 100%
% = 41.35%
2. Write the reactions from experiment 1, 2 and 3!
Answer:
Experiment 1:
CuSO4.5H2O (s) + (NH4)2SO4 (s) + H2O (l) CuSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O (s)
Experiment 2:
NH4OH (aq) + CuSO4.5H2O (s) Cu(NH3)4SO4.5H2O (s)
Experiment 3:
For double salt + aquadest
CuSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O + H2O Cu2+ + 2SO42- + 2NH4+ + 7H2O
For complex salt + NaOH
CuSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O + NaOH NH4OH + Na2SO4For double salt + NaOH
3. Explain the different characteristics between double salt and complex salt according
to 3rd experiment!
Answer:
Adding aquadest in complex salt will make the complex salt become its origin
compound (back reaction), while adding aquadest in double salt will make the
compound containing is ionized well.
Adding HCl in complex salt will make the ligand of complex salts solution
change, while adding HCl in double salt will make the compound containing is
ionized well.
Adding NaOH in complex salt will make the ligand of complex salts solution
change, while adding NaOH in double salt will make the compound containing is
forming new compound.
By heating both salts, we know that the complex salt has base characteristic while
the double salt has acid characteristic.
By testing spatula that contains of HCl, both of salts give green color, means that
both salt has cupric for its contain.
The melting point of complex salt is higher than the melting point of double salt, as
complex salt has coordination covalent bond while double salt has ionic bond.
4. What is the melting point of double salt and complex salt from your synthesis?
Compare the melting point of double salt and complex salt according to theory! If it
has differences, what is the reason? Explain!
Answer:

The melting point of double salt is 250C and the melting point of complex salt is
310C. both of them is appropriate with the theory that say the melting point of
complex salt is higher than the melting point of double salt. This is because the
bonding of complex salt makes the more attractive bond than the bonding of double
salt. So, when both of them is melted, the salt that has stronger bond will be difficult
to be broken. It make the melting point of complex become higher as to broke its
bond needs higher energy.

ATTACHMENT
Calculation
The substances that using:

CuSO4.5H2O (s) dan (NH4)2SO4 (s)

Preparation of complex and double salt:

Complex salt

Double salt

Test for complex salts solution

Before:

Heating process:

Test for double salts solution

After:

Before:

After:

Test the melting point:

Before

Heating

After tested by litmus paper