Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
9716523859
,9716523857
" Of
liquids
a. Separating
Funnel
:
a
mixture
of
2
immiscible
liquids
(e.
Water
&
kerosene
oil)
can
be
separated
by
a
separating
funnel
based
on
the
difference
in
their
densities.
b. Fractional
Distillation
is
used
to
obtain
a
variety
of
products
from
crude
oil
(a
mixture
of
hydrocarbons),
based
on
the
principle
that
lower
hydrocarbons
boil
at
a
lower
temperature
than
higher
ones.
molecules
6.022
X
1023
ammonia
molecules
1
mole
of
Ammonia
NH3
14
+
3
=
17g
molecule
Note
that
:
isotones
are
the
one
with
same
number
of
neutrons
e.g.
H,
He
(2
each).
Isosters
are
molecules/ions
with
same
number
of
atoms
e.g.
N2O
,
C2O
! Structure
of
Atom:
Atomic
number
=
no.
of
protons
=
6
Mass
number
=
no.
of
protons
+
no.
of
neutrons
=
12.
However,
Valency
of
elements
is
defined
as
combining
capacity
of
an
atom
by
gaining
or
losing
valence
electrons
to
gain
octate
state.
E.g.
Chlorine,
atomic
number
=
17,
Configuration
is
2
8
7.
It
needs
only
1
electron
to
complete
octate
=>
its
valency
is
1.
The
maximum
no.
of
electrons
present
in
a
shell
is
given
by
2n2.
! Chemical
Bonding
" IONIC
OR
ELECTROVALENT
BOND:
formed
by
complete
transfer
of
one
or
more
electrons
from
valence
shell
of
one
atom
to
another.
The
ion
losing
electron
gains
positive
charge
and
is
called
cation.
The
one
gaining
electrons
(or
negatively
charged)
is
anion.
Condition
for
the
formation
of
ionic
bonds
:
a. Low
ionization
energy
one
of
the
two
atoms
forming
the
ionic
bond
must
have
low
ionization
energy
so
that
it
can
easily
lose
electron
and
can
form
a
cation.
b. High
Electron
Affinity
-
the
other
atom
which
is
accepting
electron
should
high
electron
affinity
so
that
the
electron
lost
by
the
first
atom
is
readily
accepted
by
the
second
atom.
c. Larger
cation
&
smaller
anion.
d. High
lattice
energy
(energy
given
off
when
oppositely
charged
ions
in
the
gas
phase
come
together
to
form
a
solid.
and
hydration
energy
(Heat
released
when
1
mole
of
gaseous
ions
dissolve
in
sufficient
water
to
give
an
infinitely
dilute
solution).
Properties:
1. Soluble
in
polar
solvent.
2. High
melting
point
and
boiling
point.
3. Good
conductor
in
aqueous
solution.
4. Non-inflammable.
5. Non-volatile.
! Ionisation
Energy:
The
energy
required
to
remove
an
electron
from
the
outermost
orbit
of
an
isolated
gaseous
atom
in
its
ground
state.
Along
a
Period,
Li
<
Be
>
B
<
C
<
O
<
N
<
F
This
pattern
can
be
explained
by
the
factors
given
below:
1. Larger
the
size
of
atom,
lower
will
be
the
ionisation
energy.
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more
downloads,
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2. Nuclear
Charge:
greater
the
nuclear
charge,
greater
will
be
attraction
of
the
nucleus
for
the
valence
electrons,
so
will
be
ionisation
energy.
3. Screening
or
Shielding
effect:
Greater
the
number
of
shells
between
the
nucleus
and
the
valence
electrons,
lesser
will
be
ionisation
energy
e.g.
Lower
ionisation
of
B
than
Be
id
due
to
presence
of
more
screening
effect.
4. Presence
of
sub-shells:
IE
also
depends
upon
the
type
s,p,d
or
f
electrons
which
are
to
be
removed.
S-electrons
are
closer
to
the
nucleus
&
more
tightly
held
hence
ionisation
energy
decreases
in
that
order.
5. Stability
of
Configuration:
Completely
filled
and
exactly
half
filled
sub-shells
impart
extra
stability
which
result
in
the
higher
IE.
(IE
of
Nitrogen
is
greater
than
oxygen
because
Nitrogen
has
stable
half
filled
2P
sub
level)
! COVALENT
BOND:
formed
by
mutual
sharing
of
electrons
between
atoms.
Conditions:
a. Smaller
the
size,
higher
the
covalency.
b. Electronegative
element
+
Electronegative
element
c. High
ionisation
energy
&
d. High
electron
affinity.
CO-ORDINATE
COVALENT
BOND:
characterized
by
one-sided
sharing
of
electrons.
!
One
of
the
combining
atoms
contributes
both
the
electrons
that
form
a
bond
between
them.
Other
atom
does
not
contribute
any
of
its
own
electrons
but
acquires
stable
configuration
by
sharing
the
pairs
of
electrons
contributed
by
the
1st
atom
e.g.
HNO3
Nitrogen
has
completed
its
octate
by
sharing
3
electrons
with
oxygen
atoms
but
still
contributes
its
2
electrons
through
one-sided
sharing
to
the
third
oxygen
atom.
Properties
of
Elements
Atomic
Size
Ionisation
Potential
Electronegativity
CHEMICAL REACTION
Chemical
Reaction
is
the
process
in
which
new
substances
with
new
properties
are
formed.
During
a
chemical
reaction,
atoms
of
1
element
do
not
change
into
atoms
of
another
element.
Only
a
rearrangement
of
atoms
takes
place.
Rate
of
Reaction
=
Change
in
concentration
of
a
reactant
Time
taken
for
change
! Factors
affecting
the
rate
of
reaction:
1. Concentration
of
reactants.
2. Temperature.
3. Catalyst.
4. Presence
of
light
affecting
photochemical
reactions.
5. Physical
nature
of
reactants
and
6. Chemical
nature
of
the
reaction.
! Types
of
Reaction
a. Exothermic
Reaction:
chemical
reaction
in
which
heat
is
evolved.
C
+
O2
->
CO2
+heat
b. Endothermic
Reaction:
chemical
reaction
in
which
heat
is
absorbed.
CaCO3
+
heat
->
CaO
+
CO2
Note
that
all
decomposition
reactions
are
endothermic.
c. Combination:
2/more
substances
combine
to
form
a
new
substance.
2Mg
+
O2
->
2MgO
d. Decomposition:
A
compound
splits
into
2/more
simpler
substances.
CaCO3
->
CaO
+
CO2
e. Displacement:
one
element
takes
the
place
of
another
in
a
compound.
CuSO4
+
Zn
->
ZnSO4
+
Cu
f. Double
Displacement:
those
reactions
in
which
2
compounds
react
by
an
exchange
of
ions
to
form
2
new
compounds.
AgNO3
+
NaCl
->
AgCl
+
NaNO3
Silver
replaces
sodium
in
sodium
chloride
and
sodium
replaces
silver
in
silver
nitrate
forming
silver
chloride
and
sodium
nitrate
respectively).
g. Oxidation
:
reactions
involving
addition
of
oxygen
and/or
removal
of
hydrogen.
Reduction
:
reactions
involving
addition
of
hydrogen
and/or
removal
of
oxygen.
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more
downloads,
visit
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Oxidising
agent
is
ferrite
because
it
helps
in
oxidation
of
CO.
Reducing
agent
is
CO
because
it
absorbed
oxygen
from
ferrite.
h. Disproportion
Reaction:
where
only
1
substance
gets
oxidised
as
well
as
reduced.
Cl2
+
H2O
->
HCl
+
HOCl
(redox
reaction
where
Cl
is
oxidised
as
well
as
reduced)
i. Neutralisation
reaction:
acid
reacts
with
base
to
form
salt.
NaOH
+
HCl
->
NaCl
+
H2O
! CHEMICAL
EQUILIBRIUM
:
a. At
Equilibrium,
both
the
forward
&
the
backward
reactions
proceed
at
the
same
rate
and
hence,
the
equilibrium
is
dynamic
in
nature.
b. At
Equilibrium,
all
macroscopic
properties
such
as
pressure,
concentration,
density,
colour
etc.
of
the
system
become
constant
and
remain
unchanged
thereafter.
c. Chemical
Equilibrium
can
be
established
only
when
none
of
the
product
is
allowed
to
escape
out.
d.
Chemical
Equilibrium
can
be
approached
from
either
direction.
! Ionic
equilibria:
1. Chemical
reactions
also
takes
place
in
solution
in
which
generally
ions
participitate.
2. The
substances
which
furnish
ions
are
known
as
electrolytes
which
may
be
acids,
bases
or
salt.
3. The
equilibrium
is
present
between
the
unionized
molecules
of
a
particular
substance
and
the
ions
formed
in
the
solution.
4. Equilibrium
constant
is
related
to
the
strength
of
electrolyte.
! ACIDS
&
BASES
Acids
1. Tastes
sour
2. Reacts
with
carbonates
to
form
CO2
3. e.g.
HCl
Theories
of
Acids
&
Bases
Arrhenius:
acids
give
H+
ions
in
Bases
Tastes
bitter,
soapy
in
touch
React
with
acids
to
neutralise
them
e.g.
NaOH
Limitations
Only
limited
to
aqueous
solutions.
Cannot
explain
how
CO2,
SO2
are
acids
or
NH3,
Na2CO3
are
bases.
AlCl3,
BF3,
SnCl2
are
acids.
" Importance
of
pH
a. In
agriculture
:
by
determining
the
type
of
the
soil
and
deciding
on
fertilisers
to
be
used
and
crop
to
be
sown.
b. In
biological
processes
:
by
knowing
the
pH,
we
can
adjust
the
medium
of
biological
processes
like
fermentation,
enzyme
hydrolysis,
sterilization
etc.
c. In
corrosion
research
:
by
measuring
the
pH
of
sea-water,
the
effect
of
alkaline
sea-water
on
the
material
used
for
building
ships
and
submarines
is
studied.
! Buffer
Solution:
a
solution
whose
pH
does
not
change
when
small
amount
of
an
acid
or
a
base
is
added
in
it.
Its
of
three
types:
a. Simple
Buffer-
weak
acid
+
weak
base
e.g.
CH3COONH4
,
amino
acids.
b. Acidic
buffer-weak
acid
+
its
conjugate
base
or
its
salt
formed
with
strong
base
e.g.
mixture
of
acetic
acid
&
sodium
acetate.
c. Basic
Buffer-
weak
base
+
its
conjugate
acid
or
i
ts
salt
formed
with
strong
acid
e.g.
mixture
of
NH4OH
and
NH4Cl
in
equimolar
quantities.
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more
downloads,
visit
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SALTS
Common
Salt
NaCl
PREPARATIONS
NaOH
+
HCl
->
NaCl
+
H2O
Sodium
Hydroxide
Electrolysis
of
brine
2NaCl
+
2H2O
->
2NaOH
+
CL2
+
H2
USES
-Preservative
in
pickle,
for
cooking
-Manufacture
soap
-Textile
fibre
Manufacture
Paper
-Oil
Refining
-Cleansing
Agent
-Remove
hardness
of
water
-Manufacture
glass
Washing
Soda
NaCl
+
NH3
+
H2O
+
CO2
->
NaHCO3
+
(Na2CO3.10H2O)
NH4Cl
2NaHCO3
->
Na2CO3
+
CO2
+
H2O
Na2CO3
+
10H2O
->
Na2CO3.10H2O
Baking
Soda
NaCl
+
NH3
+
H2O
+
CO2
->
NaHCO3
+
-Used
as
antacid
(NaHCO3)
NH4Cl
-
fire
extinguishers
-cakes
&
breads
Bleaching
Ca(OH)2
+
Cl2
->
CaOCl2
+
H2O
-disinfecting
powder
or
drinking
water
chloride
of
lime
Passing
chlorine
gas
over
dry
slaked
-manufacture
(CaOCl2)
lime
chloroform
-making
wool
unshrinkable.
Plaster
of
Paris
CaSO4.2H2O
->
CaSO4.1/2H2O
+
-setting
fractured
CaSO4.1/2H2O
3/2H2O
bone,
toys
etc.
(gypsum)
-
its
fire-proof
Physical
Properties
Malleable*
&
Ductile**
Hardness
Good
conductors
of
heat
Good
conductors
of
electricity
Lustrous
Sonorous
State
at
room
temperature
Melting
&
boiling
points
Density
METALS
NON-METALS
Yes
Generally
hard
except
Na
&
K
Yes
except
lead
Yes
except
iron
&
mercury
Yes
Yes
Generally
solid
High
except
Na,
K
High
except
Na,
K
With
water
With
acids
With
Chlorine
With
Hydrogen
NON-METALS
Form
basic
or
amphoteric
Form
acidic
or
neutral
oxides
(those
who
show
both
oxides
e.g.
CO2,
H2O.
acidic
and
basic
behaviours
e.g.
Al2O3
and
ZnO2)
Form
oxide
or
hydroxides
and
No
reaction
produce
hydrogen
gas
Only
those
metals
displace
No
reaction
hydrogen
which
are
above
hydrogen
in
the
reactivity
series
2Na
+
2HCl
->
2NaCl
+
H2
Cu
+
HCl
->
no
reaction
higher
reactive
metals
displaces
lesser
reactive
one
CuSO4
+
Zn
->
ZnSO4
+
Cu
Electrovalent
chlorides
:
NaCl
Metal
hydrides
eg.
NaH
! Metalloids
:
which
exhibit
some
properties
of
metals
and
some
other
properties
of
non-metals.
Eg.
Boron,
Silicon
&
Germanium.
! Minerals
&
Ores
:
The
natural
materials
in
which
the
metals
or
their
compounds
are
found
in
earth
are
called
minerals.
Those
minerals
from
which
the
metal
can
be
extracted
conveniently
and
profitably
are
ores.
Relative
Abundance
of
metal
on
earth
:
Al
>
Fe
>
Ca
>
Na
>
K
>
Mg
>
Ti
The
various
process
involved
in
extraction
of
metals
from
their
ores
and
refining
:
a. Concentration
of
ore/
benefication
:
removing
unwanted
material
by
" Hydraulic
washing
:
difference
in
density
of
ore
&
gangue
" Magnetic
Separation
" Froth
floatation
process
:
for
sulphide
ores
" Leaching
:
ore
is
treated
with
suitable
re-agent
which
dissolves
ore
leaving
behind
impurities.
This
is
used
for
bauxite.
(Al
ore)
b. Calcination:
the
process
of
heating
ore
below
its
melting
point
in
the
presence
of
air
to
remove
impurities
and
convert
into
metal
oxides.
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more
downloads,
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Composition
Uses
Magnalium
ALNICO
Al + Ni + Co + Fe
Duralumin
Stainless
steel
Fe
+
Cr
+
Ni
+
C
Fe
+
Ni
Nickel
Steel
Steel
Fe + C
Brass
Cu + Zn
Bronze
Cu + Sn
German silver Cu + Zn + Ni
Ornaments
Rolled gold
Cu + Al
Cheap ornaments
Gun metal
Cu + Sn + Zn + Pb
Dutch metal
Cu + Zn
Artificial jewellery
Solder
Pb + Sn
Amalgam
Hg + others
! Isomers
:
the
organic
compounds
having
same
molecular
formula
but
different
structure
are
called
isomers
e.g.
structural
isomers
of
propanol
(C3H7OH)
Note
that
when
acetylene
and
pure
oxygen
are
burned,
then
acetylene
burns
completely
producing
a
blue
flame
with
high
heat.
This
oxy-acetylene
flame
is
used
of
welding.
! Unsaturated
Cyclic
hydrocarbon
:
Benzene
C6H6
(aromatic
compound)
! Polymerization
:
the
process
of
formation
of
big
molecule
(polymer)
by
the
combination
of
a
large
number
of
molecules
(its
monomers).
Thermoplastic
polymers
" These
are
neither
very
strong
nor
very
weak
and
have
no
cross-links
between
the
chains.
" They
are
linear
or
slightly
branched.
" They
are
capable
of
softening
on
heating
and
hardening
on
cooling
Thermosetting
polymers
" These
are
cross-linked.1
" These
are
heavily
branched.
" On
heating,
it
undergoes
extensive
cross
linking
between
polymer
chains
to
give
a
3D
solid
and
again
become
infusible.
" Bakelite,
urea-formaldehyde
resins
etc.
(b)
Silver
(c)
Lithium
(d)
Lead
2 Pitchblende
C. Thorium
3 Bauxite
D. Lead
4 Galena
Haematite
(a)
5
3
2
4
(b)3
2
4
1
(c)
3
2
1
4
(d)2
3
1
5
7
Q)
Diamond
is
an
allotropic
form
of
(a)
silicon
(b)carbon
(c)
sulphur
(d)germanium
8
Q)
Air
is
a/an
(a)
compound
(b)
element
(c)
mixture
(d)
electrolyte
9
Q)
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
conductor
of
electricity?
(a)
Ordinary
water
(b)
Sea
water
(c)
Boiled
water
(d)
Distilled
water
10
Q)
Balloons
are
filled
with
(a)
helium
(b)
oxygen
(c)
nitrogen
(d)
argon
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more
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21
Q)
Which
one
among
the
following
is
not
a
periodic
property
i.e.,
does
not
show
any
trend
on
moving
from
one
side
to
the
other
in
the
Periodic
Table?
(a)
Atomic
size
(b)
Radioactivity
(c)
Valency
(d)
Electronegativity
22
Q)
Which
one
of
the
following
is
used
as
an
anti-freezer,
which
effectively
depresses
the
freezing
point
of
water
in
an
automobile?.
(a)
Ethylene
glycol
(b)
Propanoic
acid
(c)
Glutamic
acid
(d)
Glycolic
acid
23
Q)
Aqua-regia
used
by
alchemist
to
separate
silver
and
gold
is
a
mixture
of
(a)
concentrated
HNO,
and
concentrated
H2SO4
(b)
concentrated
HC1
and
concentrated
H2SO4
(c)
concentrated
HN03
and
concentrated
HCl
(d)
dilute
HN03
and
dilute
HCl
24
Q)
"Metal
used
to
make
wires
for
safety
fuses
must
have
"
(a)
very
low
resistivity
and
high
melting
point
(b)
high
resistivity
and
low
melting
point
(c)
low
resistivity
and
low
melting
point
(d)
high
resistivity
and
high
melting
point
25
Q)
Which
of
the
following
is
not
a
natural
polymer?
(a)
Wool
(b)
Silk
(c)
Cotton
(d)
Teflon
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Oxides
of
sulphur
Oxides
of
nitrogen
Oxides
of
carbon
List II
(Elements)
(Ores/Minerals)
A. Copper
1. Corundum, Bauxite
B. Iron
2. Malachite, Azurite
C. Lead
3. Galena, Lanarkite
D. Aluminium
4. Haematite,Limonite
(a)
2
4
3
1
(b)
2
3
4
1
(C)
4
3
1
2
(d)
4
1
3
2
31
Q)
Vermicompost
is
a/an
(a)
inorganic
fertilizer
(b)
toxic
substance
(c)
organic
bio
fertilizer
(d)
synthetic
fertilizer
36
Q)
Which
one
among
the
following
statement
about
an
atom
is
not
correct?
(a)
Atoms
always
combine
to
form
molecule
(b)
Atoms
are
the
basic
units
from
which
molecules
and
ions
are
formed
(c)
Atoms
are
always
neutral
in
nature
(d)
Atoms
aggregate
in
large
numbers
to
form
the
matter
that
we
can
see,
feel
and
touch
37
Q)
"The
light
emitted
by
firefly
is
due
to
"
(a)
radioactive
substance
In
the
titration
between
weak
bases
and
strong
acids,
the
indicator
such
as
methyl
orange
is
commonly
used.
In
the
titration
between
a
weak
acid
and
a
strong
base,
the
indicator
such
as
phenolphthalein
is
commonly
used.
Which
of
the
statements
given
above
is/are
correct?"
(a)
Only
I
(b)
Only
II
(c)
Both
I
and
II
(d)
Neither
I
nor
II
40
Q)
Which
one
among
the
following
polymers
is
used
for
making
bullet-proof
material?
(a)
Polyvinyl
chloride
(b)
Polystyrene
(c)
Polyethylene
(d)
Polyamide
41
Q)
Which
one
of
the
following
is
the
softest?
(a)
Sodium
(b)
Iron
(c)
Aluminium
(d)
Copper
42
Q)
Ethanol
mixed
petrol
is
being
sold
in
various
states
wef
January
1,
2003.
The
percentage
of
ethanol
in
petrol
is
(a)
10%
(b)
7%
(c)
6%
(d)
5%
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more
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46
Q)
Vinegar
is
used
as
a
condiment,
and
in
the
pickling
of
vegetables
and
other
foods.
What
is
the
constituent
of
vinegar?
(a)Butanoic
acid
(b)
Methanoic
acid
(c)
Ethanoic
acid
(d)
Hexanoic
acid
47
Q)
Which
of
the
following
pesticide
is
applied
to
the
foundation
of
buildings
to
prevent
termites?
(a)
Aldrin
(b)Malathion
(c)
Atrazine
(d)Carbaryl
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49
Q)
Liquid
sodium
is
used
for
the
heat
transfer
medium
in
some
of
nuclear
reactor
because
(a)
sodium
has
high
rate
of
vapourisation
(b)
sodium
has
low
density
and
high
viscosity
(c)
sodium
has
high
specific
heat
than
the
most
liquid
metals
(d)
All
of
the
above
50
Q)
Which
one
of
the
following
petroleum
refinery
products
has
the
lowest
boiling
point?
(a)
Kerosene
(b)
Gasoline
(c)
Diesel
(d)
Lubricating
oil
Ans 1).
Ans 26)
Ans 2)
Ans 27)
Ans 3)
Ans 28)
Ans 4)
Ans 29)
Ans 5)
Ans 30)
Ans 6)
Ans 31)
Ans 7)
Ans 32)
Ans 8)
Ans 33)
Ans 9)
Ans 34)
Ans 10)
Ans 35)
Ans 11)
Ans 36)
Ans 12)
Ans 37)
Ans 13)
Ans 38)
Ans 14)
Ans 39)
Ans 15)
Ans 40)
Ans 16)
Ans 41)
Ans 17)
Ans 42)
Ans 18)
Ans 43)
Ans 19)
Ans 44)
Ans 20)
Ans 45)
Ans 21)
Ans 46)
Ans 22)
Ans 47)
Ans 23)
Ans 48)
Ans 24)
Ans 49)
Ans 25)
Ans 50)
QUESTIONAIRE PART II
60
Q)
Assertion
(A)
On
mixing
with
water,
plaster
of
Paris
hardens.
Reason
(R)
By
combining
with
water,
plaster
of
Paris
is
converted
into
gypsum.
(a)Both
A
and
R
are
true
and
R
is
the
correct
explanation
of
A
(b)Both
A
and
R
are
true
but
R
is
not
the
correct
explanation
of
A
(c)A
is
true
but
R
is
false
(d)A
is
false
but
R
is
true
61
Q)
"The
bleaching
action
of
chlorine
occurs
in
the
presence
of
"
(a)
moisture
(b)
sunlight
(c)
pure
oxygen
(d)
pure
sulphur
dioxide
62
Q)
Which
one
among
the
following
polymers
is
re-synthesised
from
the
naturally
occurring
polymer?
(a)
Kevlar
(b)
Teflon
(c)
Rayon
(d)
Cellulose
63
Q)
Food
wrapped
in
newspaper
is
likely
to
get
contaminated
with
(a)
aluminium
(b)
lead
(c)
iron
(d)
magnesium
64
Q)
Which
one
of
the
following
has
been
producing/can
produce
light
by
a
chemical
change?
65
Q)
Which
one
of
the
following
chemical
compounds
is
responsible
for
the
stimulation
of
tear
glands
by
the
onion?
(a)A
phosphate
compound
(b)A
nitrate
compound
(c)A
sulphide
compound
(d)A
chloride
compound
66
Q)
"Many
communities
put
salt
on
their
roads
after
a
snowfall,
Why?
"
(a)To
enhance
the
freezing
and
hardening
of
snow
(b)To
control
the
slipping
of
vehicles
(c)To
keep
the
melted
snow
from
refreezing
(d)None
of
the
above
67
Q)
Assertion
(A)
All
liquids
are
conductors
of
Electricity.
Reason
(R)
Under
the
condition
of
low
pressure
and
high
voltage,
liquids
can
be
made
conducting."
(a)Both
A
and
R
are
true
and
R
is
the
correct
explanation
of
A
(b)Both
A
and
R
are
true
but
R
is
not
the
correct
explanation
of
A
(c)A
is
true
but
R
is
false
(d)A
is
false
but
R
is
true
68
Q)
Which
one
among
the
following
would
expand
the
most
on
being
heated?
(a)
Water
(b)
Air
(c)
Alcohol
(d)
Glass
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Which
of
the
statements
given
above
are
correct?"
(a)I,
II,
III
and
IV
(b)
I,
II
and
III
(c)
I,
II
and
IV
(d)
III
and
IV
70
Q)
Why
hard
water
does
not
give
lather
with
soap?
(a)
Hard
water
contains
calcium
and
magnesium
ions,
which
form
precipitate
with
soap
(b)
Hard
water
contains
sulphate
and
chloride
ions,
which
form
precipitate
(c)
pH
of
hard
water
is
high
(d)
pH
of
hard
water
is
less
71
Q)
The
most
abundant
metal
in
the
Earth's
crust
is
(a)
Si
(b)
Fe
(c)
Al
(d)
Cu
72
Q)
If
four
balloons
A,
B,
C
and
D
are
filled
with
hydrogen,
oxygen,
helium
and
nitrogen
gases
respectively
and
left
in
air,
which
balloon
reaches
to
the
highest
distance
from
the
Earth?.
(a)
Balloon
A
(b)
Balloon
B
(c)
Balloon
C
(d)
Balloon
D
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74
Q)
Contact
lenses
are
made
from
(a)
polyvinyl
chloride
(b)
polystyrene
(c)
Teflon
(d)
lucite
75
Q)
Which
one
among
the
following
substances
evolved
heat
when
dissolved
in
water?
(a)
Glucose
(b)
Fructose
(c)
Quick
lime
(d)
Salt
peter
76
Q)
The
biological
specimens
in
laboratory
are
preserved
in
the
glass
containing
formalin.
What
is
the
"formalin''?
(a)An
aqueous
solution
of
H2S04
(b)An
aqueous
solution
of
HNOa
(c)An
aqueous
solution
of
formaldehyde
(d)Concentrated
solution
of
HNOa
77
Q)
"Consider
the
following
statements
I.
II.
List II (Compounds)
A. Baking soda
1. Sodium nitrate
B. Washing soda
2. Calcium hydroxide
C. Chile saltpeter
3. Sodium carbonate
D. Slack lime
4. Sodium bicarbonate
(a)
2
4
3
1
(b)
2
3
4
1
(c)
4
3
1
2
(d)
4
1
3
2
List II (Monomers)
A.
Nylon-6
B.
Kevlar
C.
Nylon-66
D.
Bakelite
(a)
2
1
3
4
(b)
2
3
4
1
(c)
3
4
2
1
(d)
3
1
2
4
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81
Q)
Which
one
of
the
following
is
the
hardest
alkali
metal?
(a)
Li
(b)
K
(c)
Na
(d)
Cs
85
Q)
Which
one
among
the
following
agents
is
added
to
domestic
LPG
cylinder
to
help
in
the
detection
of
gas
leakage?
(a)
Methano
(b)Ethanol
(c)
Thioethanol
(d)Chloroform
86
Q)
To
meet
its
rapidly
growing
energy
demand,
some
opine
that
India
should
pursue
research
and
development
on
thorium
as
the
future
fuel
of
nuclear
energy.
In
this
context,
what
advantage
does
thorium
hold
over
uranium?
1. Thorium
is
far
more
abudant
in
nature
than
uranium
2. On
the
basis
of
per
unit
mass
of
mined
mineral,
thorium
can
generate
more
energy
compared
to
natural
uranium.
3. Thorium
produces
less
harmful
waste
compared
to
uranium.
Which
of
the
statement
(s)
given
above
is/are
correct?"
(a)
Only
1
(b)
2
and
3
(c)
1
and
3
(d)
1,
2
and
3
87
Q)
Which
one
among
the
following
will
you
put
into
pure
water
in
order
to
pass
electric
current
through
it?
(a)
Kerosene
(b)
Mustard
oil
(c)
Sugar
(d)
Lemon
juice
88
Q)
Which
one
of
the
following
is
the
metallurgical
operation
in
which
a
metal
is
obtained
in
a
fused
state?
(a)
Calcination
(b)Roasting
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91
Q)
Which
one
among
the
following
when
dissolved
in
water
give
hissing
sound?
(a)
Limestone
(b)Sodalime
(c)
Slaked
lime
(d)Quick
lime
92
Q)
"Consider
the
following
substances
I.
Heavy
Water
II. Graphite
93
Q)
Which
of
the
following
pairs
of
chemical
compounds
has
the
potential
for
carbon
capturing
by
chemical
process
to
reduce
the
global
warming?
(a)Potassium
oxide
and
sodium
oxide
(b)Magnesium
oxide
and
calcium
oxide
(c)Magnesium
oxide
and
potassium
oxide
(d)Calcium
oxide
and
potassium
oxide
94
Q)
Assertion
(A)
The
nuclear
fusion
reaction
releases
less
energy
than
the
fission
reaction.
Reason
(R)
The
nuclear
fusion
reaction
takes
place
in
the
sun
and
other
stars.
(a)Both
A
and
R
are
true
and
R
is
the
correct
explanation
of
A
(b)Both
A
and
R
are
true
but
R
is
not
the
correct
explanation
of
A
(c)A
is
true
but
R
is
false
(d)A
is
false
but
R
is
true
95
Q)
"Consider
the
following
gases
I.
Water
vapour
II.
Nitrous
oxide
III.
CFC
IV.
Methane
Which
of
the
gases
given
above
are
Green
House
Gases
(GHGs)?
"
(a)
All
of
these
(b)
I,
II
and
III
(c)
II
and
III
(d)
II
and
IV
96
Q)
Electronegativity
is
the
ability
of
an
atom
in
a
chemical
compound
io
attract
shared
electrons
towards
itself
where
as
Electron
Gain
Enthalpy
is
the
amount
of
energy
released
when
an
isolated
neutral
gaseous
atom
of
the
element
takes
up
extra
electron
to
form
a
uni-negative
gaseous
ions,
also
called
electron
affinity.
tell
the
element
with
highest
electronegavity
and
the
one
with
highest
electron
affinity?
(a) Fluorine,
Chlorine
(b) Chlorine,
fluorine
(c) Iodine,
Fluorine
(d) Fluorine,
fluorine
97
Q)
Match
the
Following
List
1
List II
(Elements)
(Colour on flame)
A. Barium
1. Yellow
B. Sodium
2. Greenish
C. Silver
3. Turns black
D. Lead Codes
4. Apple green
(a)
2
4
3
1
(b)
2
3
4
1
(c)
4
3
1
2
(d)
4
1
3
2
98
Q)
Making
of
chappathi
is
based
on
(a)
Graham's
law
(b)
Henry's
law
(c)
Charles'
law
(d)
Boyle's
law
99
Q)
The
hair
dye
available
in
the
market
contains
two
bottles,
one
containing
dye
and
other
containing
hydrogen
peroxide.
The
bottles
are
mixed
before
applying
the
dye.
The
function
of
hydrogen
peroxide
is
(a)
to
dilute
the
dye
(b)
to
oxidise
the
dye
to
give
desired
colour
(c)
to
reduce
the
dye
to
give
desired
colour
(d)
to
acidify
the
dye
solution
100
Q)
From
which
one
among
the
following
water
source,
the
water
is
likely
to
be
contaminated
with
fluorine?
(a)
Ground
water
(b)
Rain
water
(c)
River
water
(d)
Pond
water
Ans 76)
Ans 52)
Ans 77)
Ans 53)
Ans 78)
Ans 54)
Ans 79)
Ans 55)
Ans 80)
Ans 56)
Ans 81)
Ans 57)
Ans 82)
Ans 58)
Ans 83)
Ans 59)
Ans 84)
Ans 60)
Ans 85)
Ans 61)
Ans 86)
Ans 62)
Ans 87)
Ans 63)
Ans 88)
Ans 64)
Ans 89)
Ans 65)
Ans 90)
Ans 66)
Ans 91)
Ans 67)
Ans 92)
Ans 68)
Ans 93)
Ans 69)
Ans 94)
Ans 70)
Ans 95)
Ans 71)
Ans 96)
Ans 72)
Ans 97)
Ans 73)
Ans 98)
Ans 74)
Ans 99)
Ans 75)
Ans 100)
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