The analysis of refusal expressions in bargaining between javanese sellers and buyers in klewer

market (a socio-pragmatics approach)

Misbakhum Munir
This research was conducted to describe the types of refusal employed by Javanese sellers and buyers in
Klewer market, the way each type of refusal employed, and the reasons why the Javanese sellers and buyers
applied certain types of refusal in Klewer market. This research uses socio-pragmatics approach with the
speech act as the scope of the analysis. It is a descriptive qualitative research. It employs purposive sampling
technique. The conversations containing speech acts of refusal employed by Javanese sellers and buyers in
Klewer market were taken as data. There were 47 data found in the research. . The 47 data were classified
into five types of refusal based on certain criteria. The criteria were based on the same type of refusal, the
same social distance between the speakers, and the same way to express the refusal. If there were two data
containing the same criteria, the researcher only presented one datum which represented the two data. The
data were then interpreted to figure out the types of refusal employed by Javanese sellers and buyers in
Klewer market, how the Javanese sellers and buyers used refusal, and why the Javanese sellers and buyers
used the refusal. The research used Suseno Kartomihardjos research of refusal in Malang to answer the
types of refusal employed by Javanese sellers and buyers in Klewer market. SPEAKING formula and
Geertzs theory of Javanese speech level were used to find out how the Javanese sellers and buyers used
the refusal. The research used Holmes social dimensions to figure out why the Javanese sellers and buyers
used the refusal. The result of the analysis can be seen as follows: First, there are five types of refusal
employed by Javanese sellers and buyers in Klewer market. They are refusal which uses ora (no) or other
similar words (36,2%), refusal which uses reason (25,5%), refusal which uses suggestion or choice (17%),
refusal which uses thanking expression (10,6%), and refusal which uses comment (10,6%). Second, the
Javanese sellers and buyers in the Klewer market employ direct and indirect refusal by using ngoko, krama,
and mixture language to perform their refusal. Third, there are some reasons why each type of refusal are
employed by Javanese sellers and buyers in Klewer market. The reasons are the relationship between the
participants, the distance between the participants, the status of the participant, to express politeness, to
show respect, to affect the interlocutors, and to ease conversation. Based on the results above, it is expected
that the research will give beneficial input to the other researchers in studying refusal. The researcher
suggests the other researchers who are interested in socio-pragmatics study to conduct a research about
bargaining system in the market.

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