Q1:What are our three sources of minerals and other

resources to make all the substances that we use in modern

world?
Ans: Three sources are the Earth crust , atmosphere and the
oceans. They are our only sources of all the minerals and
other resources that we use to make the substances that we
need for modern world.

Q2: sketch a diagram of the earth and label the main layers
Ans: The earth main layers are core , mantle and crust.

Crust
Mantle

Core

Q3: A hardboiled egg is a simple model of the structure of

the Earth. Compare the structure of an egg with the
structure of the Earth. Give some weakness with this model?

Ans: The structure of the Earth is similar to the egg. The egg
has a shell and the earths structure has a crust so thats
why the earth crust is like a shell of an egg. The earth has a
mantle and the egg has an egg white so thats why its mantle
is like egg white and the core is like the yolk.
Q4a :What are tectonic plates? (b)How fast ado Tectonic

plate move? (c)What causes tectonic plate to move?

Ans: Tectonic plates are crust and the upper part of the
mantle is cracked into several very large pieces these are
called tectonic plates. Tectonic plates can move towards or
away from each other and also move past each other.
Tectonic plates move few centimeters per year. Convection
current in mantle causes tectonic plates to move.
Q5: why do volcanoes and earth quake develop at plate
boundaries?

Ans: when plates move past, over, under or apart from each
other hot magma from the mantle can escape, resulting in a
volcano. Friction between the moving plates can make them
move in sudden jerks producing earthquake.
Q6: Why is it important that scientists do not make

predictions about earthquake and volcanic eruption that do

not happen?

Ans: Because volcanic eruptions and earthquake are

unpredictable. And unpredictable warning from scientist
causes disruption and economic loss, and reducing trust in
future warnings.

Year

Amount of lava
erupted / million m

1794

Numbers of year
since previous
eruption
34

1858

64

120

1872

14

20

27

1906

34

80

1929

23

12

1944

15

25

Q7: Table 1 data on how much lava has erupted from

Mount Etna , Sicily , in recent eruptions.

Q7a : Use the data in Table 1to plot a graph with a line of
best fit to show how the amount of lava changes with the
number of years since the last eruption.

Q7b: what is the relationship shown by graph?

Ans: The relationship shown by the graph is that the results
are anomalies.
Q7c : Estimate how much lava would erupt if Mount
Vesuvius erupted tomorrow?
Ans:

Q8: Give some warning signs that earthquake and volcanic

eruption may be about to happen. Explain why it is

important to predict earthquake and volcanic eruption but

why it is hard to predict exactly when they may happen?
Ans: Warning before an earth quake are increased seismic activity
small shocks that may not be detected by people but are detected by
scientific instrument ,water level in well falls and some animals acts
strangely. Warning before a volcanic eruption is increasing
temperature of the volcano due to magma moving underground ,
ground level rising due to the build-up of magma and more sulfur
dioxide gas given out. It is important to predict earthquake and
volcanic eruption because then people can be moved in safer areas
and provide protection. It is hard to predict volcano eruptions and
earth quakes because volcanic eruptions and earthquake are
unpredictable. And unpredictable warning from scientist causes
disruption and economic loss, and reducing trust in future
warnings.