Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
cristina.machado@cnpmf.embrapa.br
159
diameter), 5 qualitative traits (leaf color, presence of spines along the borders of the
leaves, fruit shape, colors of the fruit and the pulp) and 43 RAPD (Random Amplified
Polymorphic - DNA) molecular markers.
A combined analysis of the quantitative, qualitative and molecular data was
accomplished for determination of the genetic distance, based on the algorithm described
by Gower (1971). The hierarchical clusters of the accessions were obtained by the
UPGMA - Unweighted Pair-Group Method With Arithmetic Averages (Sneath and Sokal,
1973). The validation of the clusters was determined by the cophenetic correlation
coefficient (Sokal and Rohlf, 1962) and its significance was calculated by the test of
Mantel with 10,000 permutations (Mantel, 1967).
A statistical software was used (R Development Core Team, 2006) for the
calculation of the algorithm of Gower (Gower, 1971). The cophenetic correlation
coefficient was calculated using the Genes software (Cruz, 2008) and the dendrogram was
generated based on the matrix distance using the software Statistica (Statsoft, 2005).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The dendrogram of dissimilarity obtained through the algorithm of Gower
(Gower, 1971) in the evaluation of 11 quantitative traits, 5 qualitative traits and 43
molecular markers is represented in Figure 1. The dissimilarity matrix mean calculated
from the UPGMA method (0.15) provided the formation of 10 groups. On Table 1 the
listed accessions belong to each one of the 10 formed groups.
The cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC) was 0.92** (significant by the test
of Mantel with 10,000 permutations). The high CCC value indicates high correlation
between the original distance matrices and the cluster matrix; Mohammadi and Prasanna
(2003), Podani and Schmera (2006) and Gonalves et al. (2008) came to the same
conclusion.
The analysis through the algorithm of Gower (Gower, 1971) was efficient in
expressing the degree of genetic diversity among the pineapple accessions evaluated,
demonstrating that the combined analysis of quantitative and qualitative data with the
molecular markers provides a greater efficiency in the knowledge of the genetic diversity.
According to Gonalves et al. (2009), the type and number of the variables chosen can
jeopardize the efficiency of the combined analysis, especially in the case of using a large
number of data from molecular markers, in the quantification of the genetic diversity.
CONCLUSION
The pineapple accessions of the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Cassava and
Tropical Fruits show high genetic variability based on quantitative, qualitative and
molecular traits.
Literature Cited
Cole-Rodgers, P., Smith, D.W. and Bosland, P.W. 1977. A novel statistical approach to
analyze genetic resource evaluations using Capsicum as an example. Crop Sci.
37:1000-1002.
Cruz, C.D. 2008. Programa genes (verso Windows): aplicativo computacional em
gentica e estatstica. Viosa: UFV.
Gonalves, L.S, Rodrigues, R., Amaral, A.T.Jr., Karasawa, M. and Sudr, C.P. 2009.
Heirloom tomato gene bank: assessing genetic divergence based on morphological,
agronomic and molecular data using a Ward-modified location model. Genet. Mol.
Res. 8:364-374.
Gonalves, L.S.A., Rodrigues, R. and Amaral Jnior, A.T. 2008. Comparison of
multivariate statical algorithms to cluster tomato heirloom accessions. Genetics and
Molecular Research 7:1289-1297.
Gower, J.C. 1971. A general coefficient of similarity and some of its properties.
Biometrics, Arlington 27:857-874.
Mantel, N. 1967. The detection of disease clustering and generalized regression approach.
160
Accessions
FRF-632
Guiana
Perolera
RBR-1, SNG-3
SNG-2 (Quinari)
FRF-678, FRF-762, FRF-1399, Pao de Acucar
LBB-1384, LBB-1374
LBB-1385
Hbrido-3607, Natal Queen, Puerto Rico I-67, Smooth Cayenne,
Smooth Cayenne 3, Smooth Cayenne 2
AltoTuri, AUST-2480, BGA-25, Boituva, Champaka F-153, Codazzi.
Comum, Fazenda Barreiro, Fernando Costa, FFR-1200, FRF-11, FRF-1202,
FRF-1208, FRF-1220, FRF-1221, FRF-1226, FRF-1358, FRF-1369,
FRF-1396, FRF-1403, FRF-150, FRF-154, FRF-156, FRF-160, FRF-162,
FRF-168, FRF-235, FRF-250, FRF-297, FRF-351, FRF-585, FRF-609,
FRF-634, FRF-640, FRF-652, FRF-680, FRF-684, FRF-7, FRF-733,
FRF-737, FRF-770, FRF-8, FRF-800, FRF-820, FRF-845, G-79, G-80,
Inerme de Rondnia, Jupi, Jupi 2, Jupi-TO, LBB-1383, LBB-1386,
LBB-1396, LBB-1413, LBB-1444, LBB-1450, LBB-569, LBB-612,
LocaldeTef, MD-2, Muito Rstico, Prola, Primavera, Rondon 2, Rondon 3,
Roxo deTef, Semi-Selvagem, SNG-1, SNG-4, TD-240
161
FRF-632
Guiana
Perolera
LBB-569
RBR-1
SNG-3
SNG-2 (Quinari)
FRF-678
FRF-762
FRF-1399
Pao de Acucar
LBB-1384
LBB-1374
LBB-1385
Hbrido-3607
Natal Queen
Puerto Rico I-67
Smooth Cayenne2
Smooth Cayenne 3
Smooth Cayenne
Jupi-TO
FRF-845
LBB-1386
FRF-1221
Fazenda Barreiro
AUST-2480
Inerme de Rondnia
TD-240
LBB-1383
FRF-770
Roxo deTefe
Semi-Selvagem
Muito Rstico
FRF-800
FRF-1220
LBB-1413
FFR-1200
BGA-25
FRF-737
G-79
LBB-1450
Fernando Costa
AltoTuri
Primavera
LBB-1444
Rondon 3
Rondon 2
FRF-820
FRF-684
LocaldeTef
SNG-4
FRF-1396
Champaka F-153
MD-2
FRF-1403
Codazzi
FRF-351
G-80
Boituva
LBB-612
FRF-235
SNG-1
FRF-7
FRF-156
FRF-634
FRF-160
FRF-250
FRF-585
FRF-652
FRF-640
FRF-168
FRF-154
FRF-162
FRF-150
LBB-1396
FRF-609
Comum
Jupi 2
FRF-1202
FRF-1358
FRF-1369
FRF-733
FRF-680
Jupi
FRF-1208
FRF-1226
FRF-11
FRF-297
FRF-8
Prola
Linkage Distance
Figures
0.4
0.3
162
0.2
0.1
0.0