Abstract

Article focuses on the influence of some factors on the formation of human

resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Article reviewed the ways and methods of
solving the current situation in the formation of human resource. Have been put
forward our own measures to improve the situation by means of a qualitative
approach in the field of external migration.

Key words
Migration processes
Gross domestic product
Higher education
Human resource
External migration

Main issues of human resource formation in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Separate studies in recent years clearly show that in general Kazakhstan and
Kazakh companies in particular in the near future will face serious challenges in the
field of human resources. This is illustrated as a simple comparison of a number of
macroeconomic indicators, as well as more in-depth analysis.
Since 1999, there has been a steady growth of Kazakhstan's GDP, despite the clear
manifestation of the global financial crisis, a significant impact on sectors of the
economy. Since the volume of Kazakhstan's GDP in 2013 amounted to about 231.9
billion. US dollars, per capita GDP - 12.45 thousand. US $ [1]. Average GDP growth
in recent years amounted to about 19%, even in unfavorable in 2009, according to
preliminary results of the GDP grew by 0.5-1% [2].
Against the background of a more or less steady growth in gross domestic product
for the entire period of reforming the country's economy develops negative
demographic trends. Since 1991, the population declined steadily due to reduced
fertility, reduced life expectancy at birth, particularly among men, and emigration.
The greatest decrease in population accounted for 1994-1995. Now the population
of Kazakhstan on January 1, 2015 17,048,000 people [3], and the country has one of
the world's lowest population densities.
The situation is complicated by migration processes - so during the first years of
economic reforms Kazakhstan demonstrated consistently negative migration
balance. Despite the fact that in recent years the exodus from the country as a
whole has stopped, and the last number of years, in contrast, are characterized by
positive net migration, the structure of the migration dynamics on fair According to
some researchers, is negative - it is "virtually in permanent" brain drain and
qualifications "as a significant portion of immigrants - qualified personnel "[4].
The dynamic structure of the population by level of education is interesting as well.
"Popularity" of higher education in recent years in Kazakhstan is growing rapidly,
while the prestige of working professions is falling. The number of graduates in
2014 was 130.7 thousand versus 55.4 thousand in 1999 [5]. The proportion of the
educated population to the total population in the whole of Kazakhstan in 1999
amounted to about 35% [6]. Education index in 2014 was 0.960, which is high,
providing in turn a fairly high rate of human development index in Kazakhstan [7].
However, the quality of higher education raises serious doubts. This idea suggests
a simple comparison of the growing number of students in higher education with
decreased over the past few years the number of teachers. This is confirmed by
other data. In particular, it was conducted a study during which a questionnaire
survey among employees of government agencies, research and educational
institutions, non-financial institutions was conducted in order to identify the impact
of education. Obtained after processing with the help of the program EViews results
suggest that the returns to education of the surveyed takes place only in the field of
education, which in Kazakhstan refers to areas with relatively low levels of income.
Hence it is logical to conclude that in the context of Kazakhstan's economy
incentives for investment in education, at least at the level of decision-making of
individual economic agents are mild. Apparently, given the steady increase in the
number of people receiving higher education - a diploma of education is the only
"ticket to the workplace", not providing a higher level of income, and further
increase the level of education and is not rewarded in the majority of economic
activities except for certain. This idea supports the view of some researchers,
according to which the post-Soviet system of education should be the so-called filter
theory. According to this theory, the problem of the education system - not a

transfer of knowledge and skills, but check abilities of students that existed before
and apart from studying. Therefore, the presence of higher education confirms the
high level of potential productivity and actually serves as a "pass" for the best jobs.
As a result, it leads to "diplomomaniya" - a developing process leading to a deep
structural imbalances and depreciation of education and the country receives
graduates of poor quality.
Comparison of these facts leads to predictions that in Kazakhstan in the near future,
most likely, there will be significant deficit of human resource both skilled and
unskilled, and reserves to replenish it not so much - the natural increase of the
population is still very small, in addition, I outlined only the last few years. The only
option - the use of relatively inexpensive and are usually low-skilled labor from rural
areas, as well as the inflow of illegal migrants from neighboring Central Asian
countries. However, these migration flows can not be unambiguously assessed as a
positive development, because they will lead to the final decline of production in the
rural areas, which, unlike the industry is still not able to "revive" As for illegal
migration - in its negative consequences for the economy, and for the social
situation in the country, no doubt.
Thus today, Kazakhstan needs a clear large-scale program to build high-quality
human capital differentiated skill level at both the macro and micro levels. Such a
policy must include measures aimed at improving the quality of education, health,
development of corporate social responsibility, encouraging him to pursue a policy
of qualitative and quantitative growth of investment in education of employees,
macroeconomic management of migration flows, and so on. It should be borne in
mind that the policy of human resource should be a structural element of the
general economic policy of the country in an integrated manner.
Proposed solutions to existing problems
External migration
1. Development and implementation of the information system of migration police
of Internal Affairs, containing information on the personal data of migrants, their
health status, the fact that the offenses referred to the Administrative Code and the
Criminal Code.
2. Improvement of national legislation in accordance with international standards for
the protection of the rights of migrant workers, the World Trade Organization.
3. Formation of a modern national system of border and migration control and
network of temporary detention of foreign nationals and stateless persons, persons
who do not have a specific legal status, while checkpoints Border Service of the
Republic of Kazakhstan.
4. As part of the expansion of the information field of migrants, the ministry of
foreign affairs, MLSP, MIA, MEBP RK create an open and accessible system for
effective communication of foreign citizens and stateless persons, migrant workers
about the rules of entry and residence in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan
on migration law, labor and social rights in the country of employment, the
addresses of NGOs and human rights organizations of migrants.
5. Develop criteria for determining regions for the resettlement of ethnic migrants
and the conditions for their reception

6. MCI of RK needs to create a program and arrange for the development of

intercultural skills of migrants in order to strengthen the development of tolerance
and inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations.
7. Establishing links with international and non-governmental organizations in the
countries of origin of migrants - Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, for their Pre-departure
training (with a focus on Kazakhstan).
8. With the participation of NGOs to form the institution of public control over the
activities of public authorities dealing with migrants.
9. MLSP, MEBP, MJ, MES RK, local authorities and regions to budget package regions
of the state social order for NGOs involved in the protection of the rights of migrant
workers and their families.
10. The development of cooperation in the framework of the Common Economic
Space (with consultations with EurAsEC countries) in the field of security conditions
and wages, social security and protection of the rights of migrant workers and their
families.
11. Monitoring of migrant workers engaged in labor activities in the framework of
the Agreement on the Legal Status of Migrant Workers and Members of Their
Families, perfect in St. Petersburg November 19, 2010
12. Strengthening of international cooperation in the field of labor migration and
protection of the rights of migrant workers residing in Kazakhstan from the countries
of Central Asia.
13. Conduct a qualitative assessment needs in the labor personnel, including
specialists in the broad and narrow specialization.
14. MLSP, SARK, MEBP Kazakhstan to hold a separate special study on measures to
enhance the attractiveness of the labor market of the Republic of Kazakhstan for
highly skilled foreign labor.
15. MLSP and MJ RK reform the licensing procedure of employment of migrant
workers in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
16. Establish procedures for the selection, financing, creating a package of
incentives for foreign professionals.
17. Create a list of professions (specialties), which will be subject to a simplified
procedure for attracting foreign professionals
18. Strengthen the interaction of expert communities, civil society institutions and
public authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of migration relations
with similar structures in the Member States of the CIS and EurAsEC.
19. Strengthen national human rights institutions of donor and recipient countries to
protect the rights of migrants.
20. Establish a permanent inter-ministerial working group in the field of migration
policy and protection of the rights of migrant workers.
21. MLSP together with NGOs, business associations to disseminate information in
the form of booklets, brochures, as well as through the media among the workers Workers on voluntary pension contributions.

22. MES RK together with NGOs to conduct propaganda among migrant workers set
the inalienable right of migrant children to secondary education.
23. According to Article 35 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Migration"
foreign workers must have medical insurance. According to the Rules of providing
medical assistance to immigrants MoH medical services not included in the list of
SBP, are on a fee basis, including in the framework of voluntary health insurance or
the employer's expense. MLSP, MOH, together with NGOs and insurance companies
need to disseminate information to migrant workers on voluntary medical
insurance.
24. Organize programs sharing of best practices for the prevention of the facts of
illegal migration, as well as protection of the rights of migrant workers, accumulated
in the United States, Canada and the European Union and Asia.
25. In order to prevent excessive outflow of skilled personnel to the foreign labor
market migration policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to adhere to one of the
following conceptual approaches:
The concept of active regulation. Based on the concept of possibility and
expediency of government interference in the process of intellectual interstate
migration. Importance is given to legal mechanisms of intervention, with the
proposed combination of domestic and international legal acts and agreements
regulating and promoting the return of migrants. Adhere to this concept, mostly
donor countries, carrying large losses from the "brain drain".
The concept of non-interference. Based on the incompatibility of state regulation of
migration and emigration of highly qualified personnel with an inalienable human
right to freedom of movement in the integrated world. This concept is popular
mainly in the recipient countries.
The concept of orientation for the future comes from the fact that for the
management of intellectual migration can only be solved in the future (which is
reflected in its title), subject to the interests of the individual and the state. This
requires the development of international standards that do not violate the rights of
migrants.

Article done by : Yernar Kaldybekov Ms

Almat Yessirkenov Ms

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http://www.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=141587

//

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5. http://www.raexpert.ru/ratings/kazakhstan/table3/
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of living of the population of regions in Kazakhstan //
www.rusnauka.com/12.APSN_2007/Economics/20638.doc.h
tm

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