International Conference on Computing and Intelligence Systems

Pages: 1364 1367

Volume: 04, Special Issue: March 2015

ISSN: 2278-2397

Cloud Computing: Introduction and

Research Perspective
M. Sivasakthi,1 M. Nester Jeyakumar2
1
2

HOD of MCA & CS, MASS College of Arts and Science, Kumbakonam
Department of Computer Science, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai

Abstract-Over the last few years, cloud computing

paradigm has witnessed an enormous shift towards its
adoption and it has become a trend in the information
technology space as it promises significant cost
reductions and new business potential to its users and
providers. In this paper, we aim to attain an
understanding of the cloud architecture, cloud styles,
issues and challenges of cloud computing. Further, it
will provide a good foundation to focus the research on
cloud computing.
Keywords-Cloud Architecture; Cloud style; Cloud
computing; Issues; Challenge

I. INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing
services over the Internet. However there are more
than 20 definitions of cloud computing that seem to
only focus on certain aspects of this technology [12].
Mean while, Oracle CEO L. Ellison thinks that cloud
computing is nothing more than "everything that we
currently do" [9].
According to Gartner [11] Cloud Computing is
the first among the top 10 mostimportant
technologies and with a better prospect insuccessive
years by companies and organizations.In July 2010,
Rackspace Hosting and NASA jointly launched an
open-source cloud-software initiative known
as OpenStack which is intended to help organizations
offer cloud computing services running on standard
hardware. In March 1, 2011, IBM announced
the IBM SmartCloud framework to support Smarter
Planet.In June 7, 2012, Oracle announced the Oracle
Cloud. While aspects of the Oracle Cloud are still in
development, this cloud offering is posed to be the
first to provide users with access to an integrated set
of IT solutions, including the Applications (SaaS),
Platform (PaaS), and Infrastructure (IaaS) layers.In
May 2014, HP announced HP Helion and made
available a preview of HP HelionOpenStack
Community, beginning with the IceHouse release. HP
has operated HP Helion Public Cloud on OpenStack
since 2012.
Benefits of Cloud computing are enormous. The
most important one is that the customers dont need
to buy the resource from a third party vendor, instead
they can use the resource and pay for it as a service
thus helping the customer to save time and
money.Cloud is not only for Multinational companies
but its also being used by small and medium
enterprises.Applications of cloud computing are
practically limitless it may be applied to solve

International Journal of Computing Algorithm (IJCOA)

problems in
manydomains of Information
Technology like GIS (Geographical Information
Systems),
Scientific
Research
[8],
eGovernanceSystems [26], Decision Support Systems
[7], ERP [10], Web Application Development [23],
Mobile Technology [29] etc.
The organization of the paper is as follows.
Section 2 depicts cloud computing in India. Section 3
explains the architecture of cloud computing. Section
4 enlightens the types of cloud computing. Section 5
highlights the few research projects in cloud
computing. Section 6 substantiates the research
challenges in cloud computing. Section 7concludes
the paper.
II. CLOUD COMPUTING REVOLUTION IN
INDIA
Oracle has a plan to hire 200 people to ramp up
cloud business in India. With a view to explore the
promise of adopting a cloud-based application and
data access model to revolutionize its e-governance
initiatives, the government of India is planning to
migrate critical information infrastructure on the
cloud. To build the backbone of national egovernance plan, the Department of Information
Technology intends to establish a national cloudbased network which would link all the data centers
of the 28 states and 7 Union Territories (UTs) of the
country. Not only would this enable the states and
UTs to get their own private cloud, this plan would
also assist in the timely implementation and delivery
of varied government to citizen and government to
business services via the cloud. Once implemented,
the infrastructure would help the government to share
critical information across departments via common
IT resources. Another example which shows the
renewed focus of the government on e-governance
projects is the Unique ID Authority of Indias UID
project.The UID system, which is expected to serve
as a repository of over 1.2 billion biometric records,
is set to become one of the largest cloud-based
services in the world.CII (Confederation of Indian
Industry) believes that Cloud Computing as a
disruptive technology and business model offers an
accelerator approach for economic growth as it
connects people to data, information and computing
resources anywhere and anytime.
a

All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) is

cloud based Quality Improvement, Quality

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International Conference on Computing and Intelligence Systems

Pages: 1364 1367
Assurance and Reporting solution for Higher
Education Institutions in India, with modules for
NAAC, AISHE DCF II, Annual reports, IQAC.
III. ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD
COMPUTING

Essential Characteristics
Broad network access: Capabilities are available over
the network and accessed through standard
mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin
or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops,
and PDAs)
Rapid elasticity:Capabilities can be rapidly and
elastically provisioned - in some cases automatically to quickly scale out; and rapidly released to quickly
scale in.
Measured service:Cloud systems automatically
control and optimize resource usage by leveraging a
metering capability at some level of abstraction
appropriate to the type of service.
On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally
provision computing capabilities such as server time
and network storage as needed automatically, without
requiring human interaction with a service provider.
Cloud Service Models are SaaS (Software as a
Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service) and IaaS
(Infrastructure as a Service) (These models are
enlightened in the next chapter).
Cloud Deployment Models
Public Cloud:The cloud infrastructure is made
available to the general public or a large industry
group and is owned by an organization selling cloud
services.
Private Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is operated
solely for a single organization. It may be managed
by the organization or a third party, and may exist onpremises or off-premises.
Community Cloud:The cloud infrastructure is shared
by several organizations and supports a specific
community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission,
security requirements, policy, or compliance
considerations). It may be managed by the
organizations or a third party and may exist onpremises or off-premises.
Hybrid Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a
composition of two or more clouds (private,
community, or public) that remain unique entities but
are bound together by standardized or proprietary

International Journal of Computing Algorithm (IJCOA)

Volume: 04, Special Issue: March 2015

ISSN: 2278-2397

technology that enables data and application

portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing
between clouds).
IV. MAJOR CLOUD COMPUTING STYLE
The services of cloud computing are Software-asa-Service (SaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) [30][1].
SaaS: This kind of cloud computing transfer
programs to millions of users through browser. In the
users views, this can save some cost on servers and
software. Salesforce.com is so far the most famous
company that provides this kind of service. SAAS is
commonly used in human resource management
system and ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning).
Google Apps such as: gmail, google docs, google
calendar etc, Microsoft 365, Salesforce and Zoho
Office is also providing this kind of service.
PaaS: Platform as a service, another SAAS, this
kind of cloud computing providing development
environment as a service. You can use the
middlemans equipment to develop your own
program and transfer it to the users through internet
and servers. examples are Google App Engine [9] and
Microsofts Azure Services Platform.
IaaS: Infrastructure-as-a-Service is the delivery of
huge computing resources such as the capacity of
processing,storage and network. Sometimes the IaaS
is also called Hardware-as-a-Service (HaaS). Google
Compute Engine, Amazon Web Services (AWS)
EC2 and S3 (http://aws.amazon.com/) are popular
IaaS examples.
V. CLOUD COMPUTING REEARCH
PROJECTS
Such ongoing research projects around the globe are
[3][5]
Country
INDIA

Name of the
project
Meghraj

U.S

Nebulas

U.S

CloudViews

Rationale/purpose
To accelerate delivery
of e-services in the
country,
while
optimizing
information
and
communications
technology (ICT).
to use "distributed
voluntary resources -those donated by enduser hosts -- to form
nebulas"
It is a HadoopHBasesupported common
storage system being
developed by the
researchers "to
facilitate collaboration
through protected

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Germany

Trusted
Cloud
Computing
Platform

U.S

Private
Virtual
Infrastructure
(PVI) and
Locator Bot

U.S

Trading
storage for
computation

inter-service data
sharing."
To enables
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
providers such as
Amazon EC2 to
provide a closed box
execution
environment that
guarantees
confidential execution
of guest virtual
machines.
To
provide
a
symbiotic
security
stance that can be very
powerful
provided
both user and provider
hold up their end of
the agreement.
Researchers
are
looking at the tradeoffs between storing
data, including data
that might not be
called on that often,
and
simply
recalculating results as
needed

VI. RESEARCH CHALLENGES IN CLOUD

COMPUTING
Security & privacy includes ensuring security and
privacy of sensitive data held by banks, medical and
research facilities [2]. Security and privacy issues
become even more serious when governmental
institutions use the cloud [33]. Security and privacy
of data spans issues such as authentication [31],
encryption [14], and detection of malware, side
channel attacks [27] and other kinds of attacks [15]
both internal and external to an enterprise [4].
Data management is enabling more data-intensive
applications at the extreme scale; the demand is
increasing for effective data management systems [1].
One main topic in this category is data storage
[6][32].
Service management is an urgent need for
automating service provisioning and making it more
dynamic [22]. Automatic combination of services has
also been suggested [25]. Another challenge is related
to the ability to provide customizable and more
context-aware [22] services. Infrastructure including
topics likeSaaS placement problems, server allocation
optimization, load balancing and many other [18].
Interoperabilityisthe major adoption barrier because
of the risk of a vendor lock-in such problems are: the
lack of standard interfaces and open APIs, and the

International Journal of Computing Algorithm (IJCOA)

Volume: 04, Special Issue: March 2015

ISSN: 2278-2397

lack of open standards for VM formats [16] and

service deployment interfaces [22].
Software challenges in the Cloud is not abundant but
it covers a wide range of topics. Mohagheghiet al.
[20] discussed the challenges associated with
migrating legacy systems to the cloud Software
evolution is another major challenge according to
[24] given that it could result in service unavailability
and version inconsistency in multi-tiered systems.
Legal issues, Laws and regulations vary widely
across different regions and jurisdictions as to where
and how data should be stored, processed, and used
[19].
VII. CONCLUSION
Cloud computing has the potential to become a
frontrunner in promoting a secure,virtual and
economically viable IT solution in the future.As the
development of cloud computing technology is still at
an early stage, this paper presents better
understanding of cloud computing including its
architecture and style, the research challenges in
cloud computing. Further, the review concludes that
more number research project in cloud computing by
U.S. and the security issues are most widely repeated
area forresearch.
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Volume: 04, Special Issue: March 2015

ISSN: 2278-2397

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