Assoc. Prof.

Raafat Ibrahim

ENERGY

(joules)

Conservation of ENERGY
IF,
In a mass system where internal friction forces are sufficiently
small to be neglected

AND
No work is done on the system during an interval of motion
by external force (other than gravitational force)

THEN The net energy of the system remains constant

That is,
4

Conservation of ENERGY
The net energy of the system remains constant

That is,

EXAMPLE 1
The 3kg slider is released from rest at position 1 and slides with
negligible friction in a vertical plane along the circular rod. The
attached spring has a stiffness of 350 N/m and has an unstretched
length of 0.6m. Determine the velocity of the slider as it passes
position 2.

EXAMPLE 1
The 3kg slider is released from rest at position 1 and slides with
negligible friction in a vertical plane along the circular rod. The
attached spring has a stiffness of 350 N/m and has an unstretched
length of 0.6m. Determine the velocity of the slider as it passes
position 2.

EXAMPLE 1
The 3kg slider is released from rest at position 1 and slides with
negligible friction in a vertical plane along the circular rod. The
attached spring has a stiffness of 350 N/m and has an unstretched
length of 0.6m. Determine the velocity of the slider as it passes
position 2.
Substituting in conservation of energy equation

Linear momentum of a system of particles

Linear momentum (G) = mv

Cm

For a particle of mass

system

of the

Linear momentum of the system

is the vector sum of the linear
momenta of all its particles
(1)
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Linear momentum of a system of particles

Velocity of mass

w.r.t O

Substituting in Eq. (1)

velocity of center of mass

velocity of
w.r.t translating
reference frame moving with Cm

Cm

From the definition of center of mass

Therefore,

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Linear Impulse-Momentum principle

Product of force and time Linear Impulse

Total external linear impulse (impact force) on the particle equals the
corresponding change in the linear momentum
11

EXAMPLE 2

mg

y
12

Angular momentum of a system of particles

Cm

13

Angular momentum of a system of particles

Cm

14

Angular momentum of a system of particles

Cm

15

Angular Impulse-Momentum

16

EXAMPLE 3

17

Conservation of Momentum
In the absence of an external impulse, the momentum of a system
remains unchanged

18

EXAMPLE 4
The 25Mg flatcar supports a 7.5Mg vehicle on a 5o ramp built on
the flatcar. If the vehicle is released from rest with the flat car
also at rest, determine the velocity v of the flatcar when the
vehicle has rolled s =12m down the ramp just before hitting the
stop at B. Neglect all friction and treat the flatcar as particles.

5o

x
s

y
19

EXAMPLE 4

5o

y
20

EXAMPLE 4

5o

x
s

21

EXAMPLE 4

5o

x
s

22

What You Learned!

Work and Energy
Conservation of Energy

Impulse and Momentum

Linear Impulse and Momentum
Angular Impulse and Momentum
Conservation of Momentum