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MATRIC NO.
A13KP0064
EMAIL
ameerul13@spe.petroleum.utm.my
A13KP0122
A13KP0119
sridaar13@spe.petroleum.utm.my
sitinurhawa13@spe.petroleum.utm.m
y
Executive Summary
This experiment was conducted to calculate the API Gravity for several fluid samples by
using Hydrometer method. API gravity is thus an inverse measure of the relative density of a
petroleum liquid and the density of water, but it is used to compare the relative densities of
petroleum liquids. For example, if one petroleum liquid floats on another and is therefore less
dense, it has a greater API gravity. In oil industries, the measurement of the API gravity for the
sample is important in order to study the quality of the oil in the reservoir. Through API Gravity
measurement the oil can be classified into heavy and light oil.
Introduction
API stands for the American Petroleum Institute, which is the major United States trade
association for the oil and natural gas industry. The API represents about 400 corporations in the
petroleum industry and helps to set standards for production, refinement, and distribution of
petroleum products. They also advocate on behalf of the industry. One of the most important
standards that the API has set is the method used for measuring the density of petroleum. This
standard is called the API gravity.
Specific gravity is a ratio of the density of one substance to the density of a reference
substance, usually water. The API gravity is nothing more than the standard specific gravity used
by the oil industry, which compares the density of oil to that of water through a calculation
designed to ensure consistency in measurement. Less dense oil or light oil is preferable to
more dense oil as it contains greater quantities of hydrocarbons that can be converted to gasoline.
API gravity is calculated using the specific gravity of an oil, which is nothing more than
the ratio of its density to that of water (density of the oil/density of water). The value used in this
scale was 141.5. Specific gravity for API calculations is always determined at 60 degrees
Fahrenheit and atmospheric pressure. API gravity is found as follows:
These are only rough valuations as the exact demarcation in API gravity between light
and heavy oil changes depending on the region from which oil came.
Experimental