Notes On Koine Greek: Part 59

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1. The Pluperfect Middle Indicative: The building of the Pluperfect Middle

Indicative is quite similar to the formation of the Pluperfect Active Indicative. In
fact, they pretty much work the same exact way, which is as follows:

Past-Time Morpheme + Reduplicated Morpheme + Lexical Morpheme + Person-Number Suffix Morpheme

2. Where the Pluperfect Middle fits in the Middle Voice:

Imperfect
Aorist
Pluperfect
Perfect
Present  Future

“I myself was helping” “I myself helped” “I myself had helped” “I myself have helped” “I myself am helping” “I myself will help”

3. The Pluperfect Table:

1 ev|le|lu,|mhn
2 ev|le,|lu|so
3 ev|le,|lu|to
Pluperfect Middle Indicative
Singular
I had loosed myself
I had loosed for myself
I myself had loosed
You had loosed yourself
You had loosed for yourself
You yourself had loosed
He had loosed himself
He had loosed for himself
He himself had loosed
Plural
We had loosed ourselves
ev|le|lu,|meqa We had loosed for ourselves
We ourselves had loosed
You (all) had loosed yourselves
ev|le,|lu|sqe You (all) had loosed for yourselves
You (all) yourselves had loosed
They had loosed themselves
ev|le,|lu|nto They had loosed for themselves
They themselves had loosed

4. Tips: Note that with the Pluperfect Middle, the suffix morphemes all follow the
same pattern of the secondary middle suffixes. Note also the reduplicated and
past-time (augment) morphemes. Note also that the past-time (augment)
morpheme is optional (as in the Active Indicative).