Table of Contents

CON..............................................................................................1
DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................... 1
A2: STADIUMS GOOD......................................................................................... 1
1) Increases crime rates........................................................................... 1
2)Outside the United States......................................................................2
A2: STADIUMS ARE WORTH THE COST...................................................................4
1) Expensive............................................................................................. 4
2) Takes money away from other more important projects......................5
A2:REFERENDUMS............................................................................................ 6
A2: TEAMS MOVE LOCATIONS.............................................................................. 8
A2: HOSTING MAJOR EVENTS...............................................................................9
Super bowl................................................................................................ 9
World cup................................................................................................ 11
PRO............................................................................................12
A2: Hurts other programs.......................................................................12

Con
Rebuttal
Since these publicly funded stadiums its important that these infrastructures
benefit the common taxpayer foremost.
The pro team needs to prove that the benefits that they render are specific to
public funding for stadiums as opposed to the inherent benefits of building a
stadium in an area

Definitions
1) Beneficial - producing good or helpful results or effects:
producing benefits (http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/beneficial)
2) Stadiums - a very large usually roofless building that has a large open
area surrounded by many rows of seats and that is used for sports events,
concerts, etc.( http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stadiums)

3) Arenas- A level area surrounded by seats for spectators, in which sports,

entertainments, and other public events are held.
(http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/arena)

A2: Stadiums good

1) Increases crime rates
a.
Property crime rates are increased by 7 percentage points per
every 10,000 fans in host communities of stadiums, due to the
displacement of land
Marie, Olivier. "Police and Thieves in the Stadium: Measuring the (Multiple) Effects of Football Matches on
Crime." Unimaas. Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA), Maastricht University and Centre
for Economic Performance (CEP), London School of Economics, May 2010. Web. 25 June 2014. <http%253A
%252F%252Farno.unimaas.nl%252Fshow.cgi%253Ffid%253D21171>.

The main finding of this research is that home game attendance significantly increases property
crime in the borough hosting the event. On the contrary when teams are playing away, an inverse
relationship is observed with property crime dropping as away attendance increases. We find no
evidence of inter-temporal substitution of property crime even after extending the sample period
of analysis to up to three days before and after the event. We calculate that voluntary
incapacitation is responsible of a drop of 3 percent of the incidence of property crimes in a team
home borough for every extra 10,000 fans attending an away match. Using this estimate we are
able to evaluate a net police displacement effect of 7-percentage point increase in property
crimes in the host community. Our overall conclusion is therefore that, assuming that
voluntary incapacitation has a relatively similar impact during home and away games, the
displacement of police forces during football matches increases property crime by almost 7
percentage points for every extra 10,000 fans attending a game. This is in line with a growing
body of evidence that police presence has an important effect on reducing crime. It also raises
important issues of the negative impact of policing of private sporting events at the cost of the
local communities wellbeing. Also it demonstrates the importance of considering all the direct
and indirect channels which may influence crime when investigating such issues.
b.

Crime rights have increased 9 percent in Anacostia

Farmer, Liz. "D.C.'s 'edge' Neighborhoods Seeing Violent Crime Spike | WashingtonExaminer.com." Washington
Examiner. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 June 2014. <http://washingtonexaminer.com/d.c.s-edge-neighborhoods-seeing-violentcrime-spike/article/2505566>.

Overall, the city has seen a 9 percent increase in violent crimes this year, and
gun crimes in particular are on the rise, according to the latest Metropolitan
Police Department data. The increases are highest across the Anacostia River in
Wards 7 and 8, D.C. neighborhoods that have long struggled with poverty and
crime. In the districts where similarly high crime levels have given way to
neighborhood revitalization, certain areas -- like Eastern Market, where Maslin
was found -- are also experiencing spikes in violent crime.

2)Outside the United States

a.
250,000 people evicted from their homes in Brazil to build
the world cup stadium

Ling, Anthony. "Brazil Is Using The World Cup To Destroy Communities."The Daily Caller.
N.p., n.d. Web. 28 June 2014. <http://dailycaller.com/2014/06/10/brazil-is-using-the-worldcup-to-destroy-communities/>

Who would ever think that something as beautiful as a soccer

championship could be destructive? The World Cup has become a
social and public policy disaster for Brazil. Im an architect and
entrepreneur living in So Paulo, so I care what happens to my city. I
need to speak out, because politicians are busy spending money we
dont have to build a stadium we dont need and wont use again, and
to build infrastructure that we know will only make our transportation
problems worse, while making it nearly impossible for entrepreneurs to
provide services to the mass of people who are coming. Thats not
even the worst of it. The attempt to produce a legacy does not only
have a financial cost, but also an invaluable social cost, possibly the
largest loss of all generated by the World Cup. Research done by
NGOs such as ANCOP and Conectas estimates that around 250
thousand people will be evicted from their homes because of
new public works related to the event.
The large majority of them live in informal communities that
happen to be in public land instead of private land. That detail
eliminates their legal right of homesteading, which had it been
private land, they would have earned long ago. Most of the mass
evictions arent in recent communities, but in real neighborhoods that
should have been formally recognized a long time ago. After a century
of not receiving their property titles or any public investment, the
oldest of them and possibly the first Brazilian favela Morro da
Providncia in Rio de Janeiro is now getting R$ 75 million to build a
cable car to serve tourists. Instead of trying to solve their problems,
the city will create a spectacle for the elite, removing people and
houses that stand in the way.
A2:Publicworksprojects

Privateteamsdontcareaboutthecommongood
Teams wont move to areas they dont believe will attract tourists

Webber, Amanda. Abstract. Copenhagen: U of Copenhagen, Department of Cross-Cultural

and Regional Studies, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, 2006. OSWEGO.
OSWEGO State University of New York. Web.
<http://www.oswego.edu/Documents/wac/Deans'%20Awards,%202012/politics2.pdf>.

Teams wont move to areas where there no potential consumer base

However, at the moment it is important to note the shift in
methodology of generating support, and therefore to note the
argument for the prestige of major league cities. The main argument

is that by becoming a so called major league city a city will

gain a spot on the map and hopefully draw more positive
attention and possibly tourism. This can be difficult to
accomplish. Teams will not move to a city that does not have
the potential fan base to make a profit from, meaning that
there is likely at least a growing, if not already strong,
business sector within the city. This being said, it can be rather
difficult for a team to transition a major manufacturing city to
a city with many cultural attractions and a hotspot for tourism.
It is therefore unlikely that a sports team would be what would pull the
city onto the map as a cultural center and popular tourist destination.

A2: Stadiums are worth the cost

1) Expensive
a.
In order for teams in poor areas to keep one of their main
streams of revenue they agree to pay for sports stadiums which end up
costing the city over twice as much as originally agreed
ALBERGOTTI, REED, and Cameron MCWHIRTER. "A Stadium's Costly Legacy Throws
Taxpayers for a Loss." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, n.d. Web. 28 June
2014.
<http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704461304576216330349497852>.

Here in Hamilton County, where one in seven people lives beneath the poverty
line and budget cuts have left gaps in the schools and sheriffs department,
residents are bracing for more belt-tightening: rollback of a property-tax break
promised as part of a 1996 plan to entice voters to pay for two new stadiums.
The tax hit is just the latest in a string of unforeseen consequences from what has
turned into one of the worst professional sports deals ever struck by a local
governmentsoaking up unprecedented tax dollars and county resources while
returning little economic benefit.
With a combined estimated cost of $540 million, the stadiumsone for football's
Bengals, the other for baseball's Redswere touted by the teams and county
officials as a way to generate cash and jobs. The Bengals, who had threatened to
relocate if they didn't secure a new home, drove negotiations. And it is that
dealthe more lucrative arrangement struck with the teamsthat has fanned
the county's current struggles.
At its completion in 2000, Paul Brown Stadium had soared over its $280 million
budgetand the fiscal finger-pointing had already begun.

The county says the final cost was $454 million. The team's estimate, which
doesn't include infrastructure work around the stadium, puts the tab at $350
million.
But according to research by Judith Grant Long, a Harvard University professor who
studies stadium finance, the cost to the public was closer to $555 million once
other expenditures, such as special elevated parking structures, are factored
in. No other NFL stadium had ever received that much public financing.
b.

Stadiums go over budget and dont bring economic policies to areas

Waldron, Pat Garofalo and Travis. "If You Build It, They Might Not Come: The Risky
Economics of Sports Stadiums." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 07 Sept. 2012. Web.
29 June 2014. <http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/09/if-you-build-it-theymight-not-come-the-risky-economics-of-sports-stadiums/260900/>.
This is an altogether too common problem in professional sports. Across the country, franchises
are able to extract taxpayer funding to build and maintain private facilities, promising huge
returns for the public in the form of economic development.
For instance, just three of the NFL's 31 stadiums were originally built without public funds. In two
of those cases, public funding was later used to upgrade the stadium or surrounding facilities,
even as all 32 of the NFL's teams ranked among Forbes' 50 most valuable sporting franchises in
the world in 2012. (Only MetLife Stadium, shared by the New York Jets and New York Giants,
received no public funding.)
Time after time, politicians wary of letting a local franchise relocate -- as the NBA's Seattle
Supersonics did, to Oklahoma City before the 2008-2009 season -- approve public funds,

selling the stadiums as public works projects that will boost the local
economy and provide a windfall of growth.
However, according to leading sports economists, stadiums and arenas
rarely bring about the promised prosperity, and instead leave cities and
states mired in debt that they can't pay back before the franchise comes
calling for more.

2) Takes money away from other more important projects

a.

Duetotheoutragescostsofthestadiumcausedthecitytohavetocutsomeoftheir

otherprogramslikeYouthInc,whichworkedwithtroubledadolescence

ALBERGOTTI, REED, and Cameron MCWHIRTER. "A Stadium's Costly Legacy Throws
Taxpayers for a Loss." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, n.d. Web. 28 June
2014.
<http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704461304576216330349497852>.

Given the national economic slump, the county budget would have run into trouble
with or without the Bengals deal. But county officials say the cuts are deeper and
longer lasting because of it. Unlike most areas of the budget, the stadium can't
be pared.
"It's the monster that ate the public sector," says Mark Reed, Hamilton
County's juvenile court administrator.
Like many other items in the budget, the juvenile court has seen its funding
slashedby $13.4 million from 2008 to 2010. It was forced to nix funding for
programs like Youth, Inc., which worked with troubled adolescents.

b.
In Glendale, future tax dollars were allocated to help build the
Coyotes stadium, in order to do that they had to lay off 49 public
workers and considered putting up its city hall and police station as
collateral to obtain a loan the stadium was completed in 2003 and the
cities budget gap for 2012 is 35 m due to the stadium.
Waldron, Pat Garofalo and Travis. "If You Build It, They Might Not Come: The Risky
Economics of Sports Stadiums." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 07 Sept. 2012. Web.
29 June 2014. <http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/09/if-you-build-it-theymight-not-come-the-risky-economics-of-sports-stadiums/260900/>.
To put the deal in perspective, Glendale's budget gap for 2012 is about $35 million.
As the city voted to give a future Coyotes owner hundreds of millions of taxpayer
dollars, it laid off 49 public workers, and even considered putting its city hall and
police station up as collateral to obtain a loan, according to the Arizona Republic.
(The latter plan was ultimately scrapped.) Overall, Glendale is not only on the hook
for $15 million per year over two decades to a potential Coyotes owner, but also a $12
million annual debt payment for construction of its arena. In return, according to the

Republic, the city receives a measly "$2.2 million in annual rent payments, ticket
surcharges, sales taxes and other fees." Even if the Coyotes were to dominate the
league like no other in recent memory and return to the Stanley Cup Finals year after
year, the city would still lose $9 million annually.

A2:Referendums

a.

Referendumsconfusevoters
Seshadri, Archith. "Voters Find Statewide and Referendum Ballot Questions Wordy." WJBF-TV ABC 6 Augusta-Aiken News, Weather, Sports. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 June 2014.
<http://www.wjbf.com/story/21697552/voters-find-statewide-and-referendum-ballotquestions-wordy>.
Voters say lots of issues were on their mind this election including the
economy, health care and terrorism. And while candidates advocated
those policies, the statewide and referendum questions on the ballot
were not so cut and dry.
Most voters knew about the candidates but it was a different story
when it came to those ballot questions. Melanie Pilkinton stopped to
cast her ballot at Savannah Rapids Pavilion. Pilkinton: "If you didn't do
your research in advance, then you might have a lot of questions about
what they're really talking about." Pilkinton researched about the
candidates and the statewide and referendum questions before she
cast her ballot. On this year's ballot, those questions ranged from
contracts to trauma center tag fees. Pilkinton: "Yeah, the trauma
center, I pretty much understood that one. The first one was really
vague." Voters say those questions can get confusing because
they're long, wordy and mostly in legal talk. Voters like Barbara
Murphy. Murphy: "I think they're always a little difficult to understand.
You have to read them over." Before the elections, you see street signs
and commercials for the candidates. But what you don't see are the
statewide and referendum questions. And that leaves some voters
confused.
b.

Evenwhenreferendumsarevoteddownstadiumsarestillbuilt

Webber, Amanda R. Abstract. Copenhagen: U of Copenhagen, Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies,
Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, 2006. The Democratic or Undemocratic Public Referendum and Publicly Funding
Private Sports Facilities. State University of New York, College at Oswego College Honors Program, Sept. 2011. Web.
<http://www.oswego.edu/Documents/wac/Deans'%20Awards,%202012/politics2.pdf>.

The public referendum is a process of direct democracy. It is meant to give

people more of a say in the actions of their government. Progressives hoped that direct
democracy would help keep the interests of wealthy individuals, special interest groups,

and large corporations at bay while allowing the voice of the people to be heard. As we
have seen in each of these cities, direct democracy has not had that desired effect, but
why? In Pittsburgh, wealthy team owners were able to strong-arm tax dollars from
Pennsylvania voters even when the citizens had voted down funding for the new
stadiums . After team owners had presented their ultimatum. Had the results of the
referendum been followed, the stadiums would not have been built.

Referendumsarebasedonfaultyinformationandinmostsituations
stadiumsendupusingmorepublicfundingthenreferendumsgrantthem
c.

Webber, Amanda R. Abstract. Copenhagen: U of Copenhagen, Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies,
Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, 2006. The Democratic or Undemocratic Public Referendum and Publicly Funding
Private Sports Facilities. State University of New York, College at Oswego College Honors Program, Sept. 2011. Web.
<http://www.oswego.edu/Documents/wac/Deans'%20Awards,%202012/politics2.pdf>.

ThesituationinSanDiegowasabitdifferent.Votersfeltthattheywereinformedontheissueconsidering
thattheinformationthattheyweretakinginwasfromthelocalgovernment.Cityofficialsfalsely
portrayedwherethefundingwouldbecomingfrom,thesizeandlayoutofthestadiumandthegrounds
surroundingit,andthenumberofhotelsthatwouldbebuilttohelpcoverthecostsofconstruction.Itwas
nothesameastheadvertisingcampaigninPittsburgh.Thepeoplevotedwithinformationthatthey
thoughttheycouldtrust.Thisbeingsaid,theproblemofhavinginformedvotersinthissituationis
difficulttoanalyze.Heretheproblemliesinthefactthatdirectdemocracywasnotreallyinexistence
fromthestart.

A2: Teams move locations

NFL
NFL teams need of the leagues approval to relocate
NFL OFFICAL RULES. "Policy and Procedures for Proposed Franchise Relocations." Policy
and Procedures for Proposed Franchise Relocations (n.d.): n. pag. Volume I,
Administrative/Business Operations General Administration/Policies. Web.
<http://www.leg.state.mn.us/webcontent/lrl/issues/FootballStadium/NFLFranchiseRelocation
Rules.pdf>.
Article 8.5 of the NFL Constitution and Bylaws vests in the
Commissioner the authority to interpret and from time to time
establish policy and procedure in respect to the provisions of the
Constitution and Bylaws and any enforcement thereof. Set forth below
are policy and procedures to apply to future League consideration,
pursuant to Section 4.3 of the Constitution and Bylaws, of any
proposed transfer of a clubs home territory. Article 4.3 requires
prior approval by the affirmative vote of three-fourths of the
member clubs before a club may transfer its franchise or
playing site to a different city either within or outside its
existing home territory. Article 4.3 confirms that each clubs
primary obligation to the League and to all other member clubs is to
advance the interests of the League in its

home territory. This primary obligation includes, but is not limited to,
maximizing fan support, including attendance, in its home territory.
Article 4.3 also confirms that no club has an entitlement to
relocate simply because it perceives an opportunity for
enhanced club revenues in another location. Indeed, League
traditions disfavor relocations if a club has been wellsupported and financially successful and is expected to remain
so. Relocation pursuant to Article 4.3 may be available, however, if a
club's viability in its home territory is threatened by circumstances that
cannot be remedied by diligent efforts of the club working, as
appropriate, in conjunction with the League Office, or if compelling
League interests warrant a franchise relocation.
MLB
MLB relocation

Zepfel, Evan. "League Regulations and Stadium Subsidies in American Professional Sports." Sports in Law. N.p., 20 Mar.
2014. Web. <http%3A%2F%2Fsportinlaw.com%2F2012%2F03%2F20%2Fleague-regulations-and-stadium-subsidies-in-americanprofessional-sports-excerpt%2F>.

Notwithstanding the existence of these geographic domains, relocation is

possible, although difficult, under the constraints of the rules. A team
wishing to relocate must obtain of the votes of the owners in
the affected league, plus a simple majority in the other league.[6]
However, any team can block another major league or minor league team
from playing within 15 miles of its territory.[7] Since 1990, only one
MLB team has successfully relocated (the Montreal Expos to
Washington, D.C., becoming the Washington Nationals).
NBA
NBA relocation

Zepfel, Evan. "League Regulations and Stadium Subsidies in American Professional Sports." Sports in Law. N.p., 20 Mar.
2014. Web. <http%3A%2F%2Fsportinlaw.com%2F2012%2F03%2F20%2Fleague-regulations-and-stadium-subsidies-in-americanprofessional-sports-excerpt%2F>.

The rules regarding relocation in the National Basketball Association

Constitution impose restrictions similar to those in Major League Baseball.
[20] They prevent teams from relocating without the consent of
the NBA Board of Governors, and take into account factors like
the proximity of other teams to the proposed relocation
destination, the profitability of the new destination for the team
and for the league, as well as any state or local laws or regulations that
might inhibit or prohibit an NBA teams success in a new destination.
Despite the perceived restrictiveness of the NBAs relocation rules, their
actual implementation is considerably more liberal when considered in the

light of the specific case law that has helped to define and apply them.
Unlike Major League Baseball, the NBA does not enjoy an antitrust
exemption, and is thus subject to rule of reason analysis in cases
regarding relocations.[21] Although the league has attempted to utilize
MLBs exemption in its own relocation cases, the league has not been
successful in transporting its application from the MLB to the NBA.

A2: Hosting major events

*****If some one runs any of these one of the questions in CX should
be in general which is more important human life or economic gains
*****
Super bowl
a.

Largest breeding ground for prostitution

Goldberg, Eleanor. "Super Bowl Is Single Largest Human Trafficking Incident In U.S.: Attorney
General." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 03 Feb. 2013. Web. 29 June 2014.
<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/03/super-bowl-sex-trafficking_n_2607871.html>.

The Super Bowl is the greatest show on Earth, but it also has an ugly underbelly," Texas
Attorney General Greg Abbott told USA Today in 2011 when his state was gearing up
to host the event. "It's commonly known as the single largest human trafficking
incident in the United States." The influx of fans fosters the optimal breeding ground
for pimps looking to boost their profits. Experts say that the sheer number of men looking
to pay for sex substantially increases demand and the massive crowds allow for pimps and
victims to essentially go unnoticed, newsnet5.com reports. "It's not so much that you become
a victim at the Super Bowl, but that many victims are brought in to be used for all the men at
the Super Bowl," Stephanie Kilper, a representative for Operation Freedom Taskforce in
Akron, Ohio -- an organization which aims to end to human trafficking - told newsnet5.com
According to Forbes, 10,000 prostitutes were brought to Miami for the Super Bowl in
2010 and 133 underage arrests for prostitution were made in Dallas during the 2011
Super Bowl. Prostitution of minors is considered trafficking under federal law.

b.
Trafficking decreases revenue locally and increases funding for criminal
organizations
Malinowski, Radoslaw. "Can We Afford to Tolerate Human Trafficking in Our
Society?" Conference of Radoslaw Malinowski Can We Afford to Tolerate Human Trafficking
in Our Society? (n.d.): n. pag. International Website of the Missionaries of Africa. Web.

<http://www.mafrome.org/Human_Trafficking_Radek_Talk_Feb_Tangaza_Nairobi_2013.pdf
>.
Human capital is a necessary component for development and as we examine
successful cases of development (for example the East Asian Miracle), investing in
human capital (i.e. health, education etc.) was a main component of successful
development policies (Stiglitz). Human trafficking causes lost opportunities
domestically including an irretrievable loss of human resources and future
productivity. (US Department of State 2011). Interestingly, some activists like
Rebecca Clay (Clay, 2011), an American psychologist engaged in ending human
trafficking, nickname human trafficking as a silent epidemic, while describing
the social cost of this phenomenon. Using such a phrase, often unintentionally,
describes human trafficking as a form of an epidemic with all its negative
social effects. As Epidemiology has a concept of the "Burden of Disease" which
looks at the financial and social cost of the disease. While taking into consideration
the difficult task of calculating the cost of human trafficking, calculating a Social
Burden of Human Trafficking should be a future field of professional studies.
Loss of human capital is also followed by the loss in remittance as the victims
generate the profit that is either transferred abroad, or used by traffickers to
fuel their criminal activities. In cases of child labour, the loss of human capital
is more severe as children's health, psychology and overall capacity is not
ready to handle the heavy labour.
c.
Decreases human security: 2 main aspects, safety and protection from
interuptions
Malinowski, Radoslaw. "Can We Afford to Tolerate Human Trafficking in Our
Society?" Conference of Radoslaw Malinowski Can We Afford to Tolerate Human Trafficking
in Our Society? (n.d.): n. pag. International Website of the Missionaries of Africa. Web.
<http://www.mafrome.org/Human_Trafficking_Radek_Talk_Feb_Tangaza_Nairobi_2013.pdf
>.
The loss of human capital is not the only negative effect of human trafficking on
society. Its effects are felt in other sectors like public health, gender balance, rule of
law, and social development. We can sum up those components using the concept
of human security. Since there are many approaches on the definition of human
security we can use the most common definition presented in the UNDP report of
1994, which states that: Human security can be said to have two main aspects.
It means, first, safety from such chronic threats as hunger, disease and
repression. And second, it means protection from sudden and hurtful
disruptions in the patterns of daily life-whether in homes, in jobs or in
communities. The Human Security Paradigm contains different elements such as
health security, the rule of law, food security used by policy makers and analysts on
different occasions. Once all those elements are summed up in two common strains
that are the subject of human security and the content, the impact of human
trafficking will become more visible.

World cup
a.

Sex trafficking during the World Cup in 2010

Lopez-Hodoyan, Katia. "Sex Trafficking - Big Business During the World Cup - New America
Media." Sex Trafficking - Big Business During the World Cup - New America Media. N.p., 06 July 2010.
Web. 30 June 2014. <http://newamericamedia.org/2010/07/sex-trafficking---big-business-during-the-worldcup.php>.

But amid all the excitement, the World Cup brings a darker side thats seldom exposed.
While some are looking to buy tickets for a soccer match, others are lurking to find a good
deal on renting a sex slave, be it a child or a woman.
This isnt something that may happen, says Danielle Schneider, a lifelong teacher who
trains instructors who work with underprivileged kids near Cape Town, South Africa. Its
something thats already materializing.
Some studies estimate that about 100,000 people may fall prey to human trafficking
schemes during the 2010 World Cup. Most of them women and children. The going
rate is roughly $8,500. But the business is even more lucrative when there is no
purchasing price.
Weve gotten word of abductions that have happened in malls, says Schneider. In one
case, the parents were lucky and found their little one. In a matter of hours, the child had
different clothes on and a different hair cut.

Pro
A2: Hurts other programs
Indict to decrease in public works programs in Hamilton county ( WSJ)
South, Todd. "Hamilton County Juvenile Offense Numbers Drop but Some Areas Remain
Troubled." Timesfreepress.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 June 2014.
<http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2013/jul/24/juvenile-offense-numbers-drop-but-some/>.

Half of all juvenile crimes in Hamilton County can be found in just five areas of Chattanooga.
The 2012 Hamilton County Juvenile Court report shows that while overall juvenile crime is
down 21 percent since the court has kept records, a core of Chattanooga's inner
`11qthat has one-third of its youth population is responsible for 51 percent of juvenile
crimes.
A Times Free Press analysis of court data since 1995 and companion U.S. Census figures
revealed trends and patterns among ZIP codes where the court has collected information.

Highlights of the analysis showed that juvenile crime is down by 47 percent from its
peak in 2003.

One of the best examples of the shift in location from the central city
to
suburban American was the Truman Sports Complex in Kansas City.15
in 1973, the complex was one of the first in America to have two
stadiums located on the same property.16 Arrowhead Stadium, home
of the Kansas City Chiefs, and Royals Stadium, home of the Kansas City
Royals, were located side-by-side surrounded by hundreds of acres of
parking spaces, and situated right next to Interstate 70.17 This
location, which was miles from downtown, made getting to the stadium
very accessible for patrons. Because of the mass exodus of
citizens from city to the suburbs, neglected downtown areas
often became dilapidated. Many cities became nothing more
than a skeleton of a once vibrant body that was the center of
arts and entertainment. Crime rates in downtown areas
steadily increased, causing many people to avoid the area at
all cost.
Our conclusion, and that of nearly all academic economists studying this issue, is
that professional sports generally have little, if any, positive effect on a citys
economy, Humphreys and Coates wrote in a report issued last month by the
Cato Institute in Washington, D.C. The institute commissioned the professors to
study the economic impact of a deal proposed by Anthony Williams, the mayor of
Washington, D.C.; under terms of the agreement, the Major Baseball League
would move the Montreal Expos to the nations capital in exchange for a new,
city-built ballpark.
The professors based their report on new data as well as previously published
research in which they analyzed economic indicators from 37 major metropolitan
areas with major-league baseball, football and basketball teams.
The net economic impact of professional sports in Washington, D.C., and the 36
other cities that hosted professional sports teams over nearly 30 years, was a
reduction in real per capita income over the entire metropolitan area,
Humphreys and Coates noted in the report.
The researchers found other patterns consistent with the presence of pro sports
teams. Among them:
a statistically significant negative impact on the retail and services sectors of the
local economy, including an average net loss of 1,924 jobs;
an increase in wages in the hotels and other lodgings sector (about $10 per

worker year), but a reduction in wages in bars and restaurants (about $162 per
worker per year).
Those employed in the amusements and recreation sector appeared, at first
glance, to benefit significantly from the presence of a pro team, with an average
annual salary increase of $490 per worker, Humphreys said. However, he added,
this sector includes the professional athletes whose annual salaries certainly
raise the average salary in this sector by an enormous amount.