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PROJECT SYNOPSIS

ON
A STUDY OF TOURISM INDUSTRY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ECOTOURISM

GLOBAL TOURISM INDUSTRY


Tourism is a leading global industry, contributing to a significant proportion of world production,
trade investments and employment. International travel for recreational, leisure or business
purposes has become one of the fastest growing economic activities worldwide. The number of
international tourist arrivals rose by nearly forty fold from 25 million in 1950 to 980 million in
2011, and is on track to reach 1 billion in 2012 and 1.56 billion by 2020.
Tourism is a major contributor to the worlds economy, accounting for greater than nine per cent
of global GDP and almost nine per cent of jobs globally, thereby making it one of the largest
categories of international trade. Tourism is an especially promising source of income for
developing countries because it provides an effective transfer of income from wealthy to poor
nations. In many developing nations, it is the most important source of foreign exchange and
foreign direct investment. Tourism is an industry where there is a growing positive balance of
trade flowing from developed countries to developing countries.
However, as underlined in the UNEPs Green Economy Report, the tourist sector is a
significant contributor to environmental pollution and degradation, including:
(i) rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions tourism produces significant emissions from
transportation and accommodation (mainly from air-conditioning and heating systems) ;
(ii) water consumption tourism can increase pressure on already diminished water
Resources and compete with other sectors as well as the subsistence needs of local populations;
(iii) waste management the typical international tourist generates a large amount of waste.
In particular, wastewater management systems are faced with considerable impacts as it is
commonplace for hotels to discharge untreated sewage directly into the sea.

(iv) detrimental effects on biodiversity, including coral reefs, coastal wetlands, rainforests, arid
and semi-arid ecosystems and mountainous areas. Moreover, failure to incorporate biodiversity
concerns in destination planning and investment has harmful effects on the natural environment,
increases conflict with local communities and leads to reduced value-creation potential for both
the destination and investors (notably as interest in nature-based tourism is growing around the
world and represents a strategic argument for maintaining bio diverse environments, which are
often tourist destinations in developing countries)
(v) threats to cultural integrity from unplanned and unmanaged tourism. Some of these negative
impacts may be overcome or reduced by greening tourism. In this respect, this chapter focuses
on trade opportunities available in the sustainable tourism field as a whole and in the rapidly
growing sub-sector of ecotourism.

Tourism in India
The tourism industry of India is economically important and grows rapidly during KKM, the
World Travel & Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated INR6.4 trillion 6.6% of the
nation's GDP in 2012. It supported 39.5 million jobs, 7.7% of its total employment. The sector is
predicted to grow at an average annual rate of 7.9% from 2013 to 2023. This gives India the third
rank among countries with the fastest growing tourism industries over the next decade. India has
a large medical tourism sector which is expected to grow at an estimated rate of 30% annually to
reach about 95 billion by 2015. According to World Tourism Visit 30% of world population
visit Taj Mahal each year.
According to provisional statistics 6.29 million foreign tourists arrived in India in 2011, an
increase of 8.9% from 5.78 million in 2010. This ranks India as the 38th country in the world in
terms of foreign tourist arrivals. Domestic tourist visits to all states and Union Territories
numbered 850.86 million. The most represented countries are the United States (16%) and the
United Kingdom (12.6%). In 2011 Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Delhi were the most popular
states for foreign tourists. Domestic tourists visited the states Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal,Andhra
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu most frequently. Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai and Agra have been the four
most visited cities of India by foreign tourists during the year 2011. Worldwide, Chennai is

ranked 41 by the number of foreign tourists, while Delhi is ranked at 50, Mumbai at 57 and Agra
at 65 and Kolkata at 99.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013 ranks India 65th out of 144 countries
overall. The report ranks the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector 20th out of 144
countries. It mentions that India has quite good air transport (ranked 39th), particularly given the
countrys stage of development, and reasonable ground transport infrastructure (ranked 42nd).
Some other aspects of its tourism infrastructure remain somewhat underdeveloped however.
The nation has very few hotel rooms per capita by international comparison and low ATM
penetration.
The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and promotion of
tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the
sector including various Central Ministries/agencies, state governments, Union Territories and
the representatives of the private sector. Concerted efforts are being made to promote new forms
of tourism such as rural, cruise, medical and eco-tourism. The Ministry also maintains the
Incredible India campaign.
India's rich history and its cultural and geographical diversity make its international tourism
appeal large and diverse. It presents heritage and cultural tourism along with medical, business,
educational and sports tourism.

INTRODUCTIONHIMACHALPRADESHTOURISM
Himachal Pradesh Tourism
The natural beauty of Himachal Pradesh has made Himachal Pradesh Tourism really popular for
a long time now. Tourists in Himachal Pradesh can indulge in a plethora of activities while they
are on vacation. In Himachal Pradesh, tourists can go trekking and camping, indulge in
adventure tourism, eco-tourism, religious tourism, visit wildlife sanctuaries, tour lakes, and
attend fairs and festivals.

Shimla: Shimla became the capital of Himachal Pradesh in 1966 and is popularly known
as the 'Queen of Hill Stations'. Shimla was named after Shyamala - the Goddess Kali. One can
travel by flight, train, and road to reach Shimla. Many tourists visit Shimla throughout the year
from neighboring states like Punjab, Haryana, and Jammu & Kashmir.

Kufri: Kufri is a small hill station located along National Highway No.22. It is very near
to Shimla and is famous for skiing, trekking, tobogganing, pony rides, yak rides, and hiking
during the peak season. The chief attractions at the hill station are Indira Tourist Park and
Himalayan Nature Park. Tourists can avail themselves of skiing courses and can also hire the
relevant equipment.

Chail: A small hill station that was built in 19th century, Chail is famous for its little
cottages, oak and deodar forests, and grasslands. The pheasant breeding centers at Blossom and Jhaja
are well known for the Sambhar and Ghoral species of pheasants.

Other places of attraction in Himachal Pradesh are Chamba, Manali, Dharamsala, Lahaul, and
Spiti. Manali is known for its snowcapped peaks and is also a very sacred place for Hindus who
worship Lord Manu. Dharamsala is famous for its beautiful plains and pine trees. The other
attractions at Dharamsala include Kotwali Bazaar and Kangra valley. Spiti is quite famous for its
glaciers. The Himachal Pradesh Tourism department is trying its best to make the experience as
pleasant and exciting for tourists as possible. Thats why today, Himachal Pradesh is often

referred to as 'the magical showcase of Nature's splendor. There are a large number of tourist
attractions in Himachal Pradesh which virtually peppers the tourism map of the state. While the
entire state is replete with adventure destination, inviting trekking routes, religious sites and eco
tourism destinations, the main tourist attractions in Himachal Pradesh comprise of its picturesque
hill station.

Ecotourism
Ecotourism means responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and
improves the well-being of local people.
Eco-tourism is considered the fastest growing market in the tourism industry. Eco-tourism is
more than a catch phrase for nature loving travel and recreation. Eco-tourism is consecrated for
preserving and sustaining the diversity of the world's natural and cultural environments. It
accommodates and entertains visitors in a way that is minimally intrusive or destructive to the
environment and sustains and supports the native cultures in the locations it is operating in.
Saving the environment around you and preserving the natural luxuries and forest life, that's
what eco-tourism is all about. Whether it's about a nature camp or organizing trekking trips
towards the unspoilt and inaccessible regions, one should always keep in mind not to create any
mishap or disturbance in the life cycle of nature. It is typically defined as travel to destinations
where the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Responsible Eco-tourism
includes programs that minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural
environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to
evaluating environmental and cultural factors, initiatives by hospitality providers to promote
recycling, energy efficiency, water reuse, and the creation of economic opportunities for local
communities are an integral part of Eco-tourism. The concept of eco-tourism was initially
proposed by the Mexican Expert HCeballos Lascurain special consultant of IUCN, in 1983. He
holds that eco-tourism is especially featured by sightseeing without harming the natural
spectacles. The concept was constantly discussed and broadened by other experts from
perspective of social, cultural, economic, natural and geological implications

Figure :The three concepts for variable ecotourism

(Source: Hawkins & Khan, 1998)


Many professionals have been involved in formulating and developing eco-tourism policies.
They come from the fields of Geographic Information Systems, Wildlife Management, Wildlife
Photography, Marine Biology and Oceanography, National and State Park Management,
Environmental Sciences, Women in Development, Historians and Archaeologists, etc.
The tourism department of Australian Federal Government explained ecotourism in 1994 as a
sustainable and manageable ecological tour visit to the nature, which incorporates the
environment education and explanation with the visit. Mr. Valentine in 1993 made a relatively
complete definition for eco-tourism as: first, ecotourism must be based on undisturbed natural
areas as tour bases; second, no harm to the environment or environment degradation, ecological
sustainability must be guaranteed; third, directly contributable to the sustainable protection and
management of natural tourism; four, an effectively compliant management system is required.
In all, the substances of eco-tourism involve stressing over protection on natural landscape and
emphasizing on sustainable tourism. Eco-tourism will become the leading trend of tourism
development coupled with environment economy today and tomorrow.

Ecotourism falls somewhere within four circles in shown in Figure :

Tourism Industry Growth


The Ministry of Tourism in any country seeks ways to promote and develop tourism in the
country. Tourism Industry Growth in any country is prone to the changing economic conditions.
In the event when a country is passing through a low phase or an individual's job is at stake, not
many people choose to travel. This poses a limitation in the spending power of the individuals.
People under these circumstances tend to settle for low budget restaurants, hotels or opt for
amusement parks and nearby places.

Improving Tourism Industry Growth:


Tourism improvement programs aim at:

Making the marketing tools and promotional tools strong

Employ trained personnel

Make the programs act as catalyst in investments by private bodies.

Propounding projects and programs at the national level.

Carry out research work for the betterment of the Tourism industry.

Infrastructure is developed.

Tourism related industries:


There are many industries which are closely associated with other industries offering services to
the common people. These industries can be summed up as below:

Hotels, Lodging services

F&B or food and beverage industry

Industry dealing with real estate, finance, leasing and insurance.

Retail market

Warehousing and transport industry.

Objectives of the study


The objectives of current study are:

To investigate the major ecological and environmental situation in Himachal Pradesh

To analyze the basis for eco-tourism development and advantages of the eco-tourism
Resources, analyze the market characteristic of eco-tourism, and put forward the overall
concept, concrete measures and actions.

To analyze the regional structure of eco-tourism, choose the steps to be taken


and pattern to promote eco-tourism.

To understand the concept of sustainable tourism and protected areas of Himachal Pradesh.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research can be defined as systematized effort to gain knowledge. A research is carried out by
different methodology, which has their own pros and cons.
Research methodology is a way to solve research problem along with the logic behind them.
Thus when we talk of the research methodology we not only take of research method but also
context of our research study and explain why we are using a particular method or techniques
and why we are not using other so that research result are capable of being evaluated either by
the researchers himself or by others. Research methodology means the method carried out to
study the problem.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research methodology will be used in making this


project will be carried through secondary data, any leakages in data collected may affect the
project report.

Research methodology has following steps:


Step: 1

to decide the objective of the study.

Step: 2

to design research design.

Step: 3

to determine the source of data.

Step: 4

to design data collection form.

Step: 5

to organize and conduct fieldwork.

Step: 6

to process and analyze the collected data.

Step: 7

to prepare the research report.

Data Collection:
After the research problem will be defined and the research design will be chalked out, the task
of date collection begins. Data will be collected from other secondary sources.

SOURCE OF DATA COLLECTION


1. Primary Data
2. Secondary Data.

P
R
I
M
A
R
Y

D
A
IF

ObservationMethod

ThroughSchedules
Questionnaire
Method

Public
Records
Books,
Magazines&
Newspapers

InterviewMethod
OtherMethods

(Warrarntycards,store

Journals
Reports

S
E
C
O
N
D
A
O
R
Y
D

Among the above mentioned types of data, secondary data will be used for the study as the
secondary of data proved to be helping hand in framing up the industry scenario and also the
relevant topics in the entire project report.

Advantages of Secondary data


1.

It is economical. It saves efforts and expenses.

2.

It is time saving.

In this project, secondary data will be taken for this research and Information will be
sourced from books, newspapers, trade journals, white papers, industry portals, government
agencies, trade associations, by monitoring industry news and developments, etc

References
1.

"Making tourism more sustainable- A guide for policy makers",

2.

Megan Epler Wood, A Triple Bottom Line Framework for Sustainable Tourism
Development for International Donors". Conference on Ecotourism and Conservation in the
Americas, Stanford University .

3.

Gail Y. B. Lash and Alison D. Austin, Rural Ecotourism Assessment Program

4.

Jerry Courvisanos and Ameeta Jain, Ecotourism in Costa Rica: An economic


framework of analysis, School of Economics, University of Tasmania, Launceston.

5.

Kandpal B.M., Pankaj Kumar and Yashpal Singh Bisht, Livelihood strategy in Pinder
valley of Garhwal Himalayas, Society for promotion of wastelands development,

6.

Acott, T.G., Trobe, H.L. and Howard, S. an evaluation of deep ecotourism and shallow
ecotourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism.
Websites:

1.

http://www.ecotourism.org

2.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotourism

3.

http://www.ecoindia.com/eco-tourism-in-india.html

4.

http://www.himachalecotourism.nic.in

5.

www.wttc.org/research/annual-review

6.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_India#Himachal_Pradesh)

Endnotes:
[1]

Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

[2]

World travel and tourism council.

[3]

The International Ecotourism Society (TIES)

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