1.

Plotting Diff Eq's of first, second and third order

solution families
1.1 Plotting first order solution families
Ques. 1: Solve the first order differential equations, y' = x^3 - x^2 - 1 with y(0) = k, k = 0, 1,
2, 3, as y1,y2,y3,y4 respectively(use legend).
Clear@allD
y '@xD == x ^ 3 - x ^ 2 - 1
DSolve@y '@xD == x ^ 3 - x ^ 2 - 1, y@xD, xD
DSolve@y '@xD == x ^ 3 - x ^ 2 - 1, y, xD
DSolve@8y '@xD == x ^ 3 - x ^ 2 - 1, y@0D k<, y, xD
Plot@y@xD . % . 88k 0<, 8k 1<, 8k 2<, 8k 3<<,
8x, - 2, 2<, PlotStyle 8Thick, Blue<D
y @xD - 1 - x2 + x3
::y@xD - x -

x3

x4
+

+ C@1D>>
4

::y FunctionB8x<, - x ::y FunctionB8x<,

1
12

x3

x4
+

+ C@1DF>>
4

I12 k - 12 x - 4 x3 + 3 x4 MF>>

10
8
6
4
2

-2

Observations-

-1

Practical-1.nb

Ques. 2: Solve the first order differential equations, y' = x^4 - x - 1 with y (0) = k, k = 4, 5,
6, 7, as y1,y2,y3,y4 respectively(use legend).

Clear@allD
y '@xD == x ^ 4 - x - 1
DSolve@y '@xD x ^ 4 - x - 1, y@xD, xD
DSolve@y '@xD == x ^ 4 - x - 1, y, xD
DSolve@8y '@xD == x ^ 4 - x - 1, y@0D k<, y, xD
Plot@y@xD . % . 88k 4<, 8k 5<, 8k 6<, 8k 7<<,
8x, - 2, 2<, PlotStyle 8Thick, Blue<D
y @xD - 1 - x + x4
::y@xD - x -

x2

x5
+

+ C@1D>>
5

::y FunctionB8x<, - x ::y FunctionB8x<,

1
10

x2

x5
+

+ C@1DF>>
5

I10 k - 10 x - 5 x2 + 2 x5 MF>>

8
6
4
2

-2

-1

1
-2

Observations-

Practical-1.nb

1.2 Plotting second order solution families

Ques. 3: Solve the IVP, as second order differential equation y'' + 3 y' + 2 y = 0 with y(0) =
1, y' (0) = k and Plot the Solution for k = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, as y1,y2,y3,y4 respectively(use
legend)

Clear@allD
y ''@xD + 3 y '@xD + 2 y@xD == 0
DSolve@y ''@xD + 3 y '@xD + 2 y@xD == 0, y, xD
DSolve@8y ''@xD + 3 y '@xD + 2 y@xD == 0, y@0D 1, y '@0D == k<, y, xD
Plot@y@xD . % . 88k - 2<, 8k - 1<, 8k 0<, 8k 1<, 8k 2<<,
8x, - 1, 5<, PlotStyle ThickD
2 y@xD + 3 y @xD + y @xD 0

99y FunctionA8x<, -2 x C@1D + -x C@2DE==

99y FunctionA8x<, -2 x H- 1 + 2 x - k + x kLE==
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5

-1

1
-0.5
-1.0

Observations-

Practical-1.nb

Ques. 4: Solve the second order differential equation y'' + y' - 6y = 0 with arbitrary
constants k1 and k2 and Plot the Solution for (C1, C2) =(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1), (-1, 1),
(5, 1), (1, 5) as y1, y2, y3, y4, y5, y6 and y7 respectively(use legend)

Clear@allD
y ''@xD + y '@xD - 6 y@xD == 0
DSolve@8y ''@xD + y '@xD - 6 y@xD == 0<, y, xD
Plot@y@xD . % . 88C@1D 1, C@2D 0<, 8C@1D 0, C@2D 1<, 8C@1D 1, C@2D 1<,
8C@1D 1, C@2D - 1<, 8C@1D 5, C@2D 1<, 8C@1D 1, C@2D 5<<,
8x, - 1, 1<, PlotRange 8- 5, 15<, PlotStyle ThickD
- 6 y@xD + y @xD + y @xD 0

99y FunctionA8x<, -3 x C@1D + 2 x C@2DE==

15

10

-1.0

-0.5

0.5

-5

Observations-

1.0

Practical-1.nb

1.3 Plotting third order solution families

Ques. 5: Solve the IVP, as third order differential equation y''' + 3 y'' + 4 y' + 12 y = 0 with
y(0) = 0, y' (0) = k, y'' (0) = 0 and Plot the solution for k = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, as y1, y2, y3,
y4, y5, y6 and y7 respectively(use legend).

Clear@sD
y '''@xD + 3 y ''@xD + 4 y '@xD + 12 y@xD == 0
DSolve@y '''@xD + 3 y ''@xD + 4 y '@xD + 12 y@xD == 0, y, xD
DSolve@8y '''@xD + 3 y ''@xD + 4 y '@xD + 12 y@xD == 0, y@0D 0, y '@0D == k, y ''@0D == 0<, y, xD
Plot@y@xD . % . 88k - 2<, 8k - 1<, 8k 0<, 8k 2<<, 8x, - 1, 10<, PlotStyle ThickD
12 y@xD + 4 y @xD + 3 y @xD + yH3L @xD 0

99y FunctionA8x<, -3 x C@3D + C@1D Cos@2 xD + C@2D Sin@2 xDE==

::y FunctionB8x<,

1
k Sin@2 xDF>>
2

1.0

0.5

-0.5

-1.0

10

Practical-1.nb

Ques. 6: Solve the IVP, as second order differential equation y''' - 6 y'' + 5 y' + 12 y = 0
with y(0) = 0, y' (0) = k, y'' (0) = 0 and Plot the solution for k = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, as y1, y2, y3,
y4, y5 respectively(use legend).

Clear@sD
y '''@xD - 6 y ''@xD + 5 y '@xD + 12 y@xD == 0
DSolve@y '''@xD - 6 y ''@xD + 5 y '@xD + 12 y@xD == 0, y, xD
DSolve@8y '''@xD - 6 y ''@xD + 5 y '@xD + 12 y@xD == 0, y@0D 0, y '@0D == k, y ''@0D == 0<, y, xD
Plot@y@xD . % . 88k - 2<, 8k - 1<, 8k 0<, 8k 1<, 8k 2<<,
8x, - 1, 10<, PlotStyle ThickD
12 y@xD + 5 y @xD - 6 y @xD + yH3L @xD 0

99y FunctionA8x<, -x C@1D + 3 x C@2D + 4 x C@3DE==

::y FunctionB8x<, -

1
20

-x I7 - 15 4 x + 8 5 x M kF>>

2 109

1 109

2
-1 109

-2 109

10