Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Nathan Siegel
Bucknell University
DOE Annual Merit Review
16.05.2012
Overview
Timeline
Project Start Date: 10/2008
Project End Date: 10/01/2012*
Project Complete: 75%
Barriers Addressed
U: High temperature thermochemical
technology.
V: High temperature robust materials.
X: Coupling solar and thermochemical
cycles.
Budget
Partners
Total project funding to date
University of Colorado, Boulder CO
DOE share: $4002K (2008-2012)
Prof. Alan Weimer
Contractor share: $548K
Mr. Darwin Arifin
Funding for FY11
Bucknell University, Lewisburg PA
$175K (SNL)
Prof. Nathan Siegel
Planned Funding for FY12
$625K (SNL $408K) (CU $217K)
*Project
eere.energy.gov
Relevance
DOE Objective: Develop high-temperature thermochemical cycles driven by
concentrated solar energy to produce hydrogen that meet the DOE threshold cost
goal of <$2.00/gge at plant gate.
Project Objective: Develop a high-temperature solar-thermochemical reactor for
efficient hydrogen production. The successful development of this reactor will
provide a solar interface for most two-step, non-volatile metal oxide cycles.
2011-2012 Objectives:
Discover and characterize suitable materials for two-step, non-volatile metal
oxide thermochemical cycles.
Establish a screening protocol for candidate reactive materials and structures.
Design particle receiver-reactor concepts and assess feasibility.
Construct and test reactor prototypes.
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Approach
Systems analysis.
Derive REALISTIC estimate for H2 production cost
THEORETICAL performance must meet DOE cost targets
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Approach
MILESTONE
50%
100%
50%
100%
100%
75%
30%
COMPLETE
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Approach
Surface analysis.
Surface Raman, XPS
Material properties.
BET surface area
SEM-EDX, TEM-EELS, XRD
Kinetic measurements.
Stagnation flow reactor
500 W CW NIR laser heating
Modulated beam mass spectrometer
Analysis.
Variable T, P, [H2O]
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Approach
CeO2 CeO2 + O2
2
Elevator/recuperator
CeO2 + H 2O CeO2 + H 2
U.S. Patent Filed, 2011
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d
= k[Y H0 O (t t shift )] exp[ E / RT ] f ( )
2
dt
Numerical procedure.
YH02
dYHn2
dt
d
dt
= (YHn21 YHn2 )
Stiff integrators
Global least squares optimization
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H2O oxidation
dY H02
T
d
= k1 exp[ E1 / RT ] ( eq ) m1
dt
T1
dt
d
= k 2 [Y H02O (t t shift )] exp[ E2 / RT ] (1 ) 2
dt
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CoFe2O4 MOx:CeO2-
m-ZrO2
10 mol%
Mn, Ni, Co,
Mo, & Fe
CeO2
Al2O3
ceria
Al2O3
perovskites
La1-xSrxCr1-yMnyO3-
X
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
Y
0.5
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Fe-CeO2
O2 (moles/s/g)
Mn-CeO2
time (s)
temperature
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Oxide heating.
Oxide thermal reduction.
Feedstock heating (steam).
Pumping.
Electrical/mechanical work.
n H 2 HHVH 2
PS
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Low DNI
Increased
heat recovery
&
Decreased pO2
High
efficiency
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Reactor parts and reactive oxide must not react with each other, even at TH.
Multiple bare and coated materials tested under realistic conditions.
Alumina compatible with ceria to at least 1550C.
SiC compatible with ceria to 1400C.
Alumina-coated SiC compatible to 1450C (coating thickness, method, and
stability critical).
Ceramic component manufacturers identified.
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Collaborations
18
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Evaluate particle flow and attrition as a function of particle and elevator dimensions
Evaluate steam flow through particle bed in the H2 production chamber
Measure particle bed permeability and gas flow between reactor chambers
Test reactor performance in a solar furnace or solar simulator (T > 1400C)
Systems analysis.
Critically evaluate central receiver performance
Detailed annual average performance analysis
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Summary
Developed a novel analytical approach to characterizing reactive materials.
Used to generate high fidelity predictions of CeO2 kinetic behavior
Used to establish and test performance metrics for both reactor designs and materials
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Technical Backup
21
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Technical Backup
Thermal
~44%
22
22
~25% solar to H2
annual average
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Technical Backup
n H 2 HHVH 2
PTH
23
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Technical Backup
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Technical Backup
Pumping speed requirement is a likely limit to minimum designpoint pO2 or maximum solar power input per device.
25
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