PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MPPT TECHNIQUES OF

PV SYSTEM
A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

by

CH. VIJAYA VANI

(11VV1A0257)

V. MAMATHA PRASOONA

(11VV1A0208)

G. CHANDRA SEKHAR

(11VV1A0207)

N. TRINADH

(11VV1A0244)

S. RAVI TEJA

(11VV1A0210)
Under the esteemed guidance
of

Sri Y.SRINIVASA KISHORE BABU

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING VIZIANAGARAM
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA
VIZIANAGARAM-535003, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA
APRIL, 2015

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING VIZIANAGARAM
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA
VIZIANAGARAM-535003, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA
APRIL-2015

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project report entitled PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
OF MPPT TECHNIQUES OF PV SYSTEM is the bonafide work of
CHELLUBOINA VIJAYAVANI (11VV1A0257), VANGALAPUDI MAMATHA
PRASOONA (11VV1A0208), GUNDA CHANDRA SEKHAR (11VV1A0207)
NANDHIKA

TRINADH

(11VV1A0244)

AND

SANKURI

RAVITEJA

(11VV1A0210) submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

degree in Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering during the
year 2014-15.

(Dr. G. SARASWATHI)
PROFESSOR
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

SRI.Y.SRINIVASA KISHORE BABU

ASST.PROFESSOR
PROJECT GUIDE

ii

Acknowledgement
First and foremost, we wish to thank and to convey our sincere gratitude to Prof. G.
YESURATNAM, Principal for providing us excellent lab facilities. We would like to
express our heartiest gratitude and sincere thanks to Prof.G.SARASWATHI Head Of
the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and our project guide
Sri.Y.SRINIVASA KISHORE BABU, Asst. Professor, Department of Electrical &
Electronics Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University KakinadaUniversity College of Engineering Vizianagaram for providing us the necessary guidance
to carry out our project work. We would like to take this opportunity to thank him for his
constant support and encouragement and guiding us throughout our work which would
not have been possible without his guidance, support and motivation.
Further, we would like to thank all the laboratory and administrative staff members of
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering for their humble cooperation and
support. We would also take this opportunity to give thanks to all others who have helped
us throughout our project and study at our institute.

Project AssociatesCh.VijayaVani

(11VV1A0257)

V.Mamatha Prasoona

(11VVIA0208)

G.Chandra Sekhar

(11VV1A0207)

N.Trinadh

(11VV1A0244)

S.RaviTeja

(11VV1A0210)

iii

INDEX
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT

viii

NOMENCLATURE

ix

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

xi

LIST OF FLOW CHARTS

xi

Chapter1. INTRODUCTION

1.1Introduction about the project

1.2 Organization of Thesis

Chapter2. INTRODUCTION OF PV SYSTEM

2.1 Introduction of Photovoltaic cell

2.2 Series connection of PV cells

2.3 Parallel connection of PV cells

2.4 Photovoltaic module

2.5 Components of PV system

Chapter3. PV MODULE DESIGNING

10

3.1 Single diode model

11

3.2 Modelling of PV module by MATLAB/SIMULINK

13

Chapter4. CUK CONVERTER DESIGN

24

iv

4.1 Basic operation of Cuk converter

25

4.2 Mechanism of load matching

27

4.3 Components selection

29

Chapter5. MPPT TECHNIQUES

34

5.1 Methods of control of MPP at optimal point

37

5.2 Maximum power point techniques

37

5.2.1 Perturb and observe method

37

5.2.2 Incremental conductance method

38

5.2.3 Constant voltage control method

38

5.2.4 Constant current control method

38

5.2.5 Parasitic capacitances

39

5.3 Soft computing techniques

39

5.3.1 Guiding principles

39

5.3.2 Principle techniques

39

Chapter6. INCREMENTAL ALGORITHM

40

6.1 Flow chart

44

6.2 Implementation of code in MATLAB/SIMULINK

45

Chapter7. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

48

7.1 General block diagram

49

7.2 Fuzzification

50

7.3 Inference method

51

7.4 Defuzzification

52

Chapter8. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MPPT TECHNIQUES

53

OF PV SYSTEM
Chapter9. MATLAB AND SIMULINK MODELLING OF MPPT TECHNIQUES

55

Chapter10. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

63

REFERENCES

vi

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MPPT TECHNIQUES OF

PV SYSTEM

vii

ABSTRACT
With increasing concerns about fossil fuel deficit, and increasing fuel prices, global
warming and environmental problems, the promising incentives to develop alternative
energy resources with high efficiency and low emission are of great importance. Among
all the renewable energy resources, the solar energy through the photoelectric effect can
be considered as the most essential and prerequisite sustainable resources because of its
free of cost, huge abundance and sustainability of solar radiant energy and it is easy to
install and maintenance free. The main drawback of the Photovoltaic module is its low
energy conversion efficiency. In order to overcome this problem enormous amount of
work has been carried out to improve the solar cell fabrication technologies and to get
maximum possible efficiency from the PV module. Another alternative for improving the
conversion efficiency is applying MPPT to the PV module. The performance of PV
module is analyzed from I-V characteristics. These I-V characteristics varies with
temperature, insolation and shading resulting in the variation of maximum power point.
As the solar power is relatively expensive it is important to operate panel at maximum
power conditions. For a particular load the maximum power transfers when the load
resistance is equal to thevinins equivalent resistance of the panel. This is achieved by
employing a dc-dc converters. The maximum power point is maintained by varying the
duty cycles of the dc-dc converter. This is accomplished by applying soft computing
techniques. This project proposes design and simulation along with comparison of
INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE method and FUZZY LOGIC controller to study the
performance of MPPT in order to improve energy conversion efficiency.
NOTE: - Software Required: MATLAB/SIMULINK

viii

NOMENCLATURE
SYMBOLS

DESCRIPTION

UNIT

Iph

Photon current

Isc

Short circuit current

Vpv

Output voltage PV module

Ipv

Output current of PV module

Voc

Open circuit voltage

PV cell operating temperature

Boltzmann constant

J/K

I0

Reverse saturation current

Value of irradiation

w/m2

Charge of electron

Vd

Diode across voltage

Frequency

Hz

Duty cycle

Degree

Inductor

Capacitor

VMPP

Voltage of PV at MPP

IMPP

Current of PV at MPP

PMAX

Maximum power

ix

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
No

Description

Page No

2.1

PV cell

2.2

PV Module and Array

2.3

PV module series connection

2.4

PV module parallel connection

2.5

V-I characteristics of series of PV cells

2.6

Components of photovoltaic system

3.1

Single diode model of PV cell

11

3.2(a)

Short circuit of PV cell

11

3.2(b)

Open circuit voltage of PV cell

11

3.3

Equivalent circuit of PV cell used in the MATLAB

14

3.4

V-I and P-V relationships of PV module

16

3.5

Conversion of temperature from centigrade to kelvin

17

3.6

Photon current

17

3.7

Reverse saturation current and saturation current

18

3.8

Product of NSKAT

19

3.9

Output current of PV module

19

3.10

Final model of PV module

20

3.11

P-V characteristics of PV module

21

3.12

I-V characteristics of PV module

21

3.13

I-V and P-V characteristics of PV module with varying

temperatures

22

4.1

Circuit diagram of Cuk converter

25

4.4

Basic block diagram of Cuk converter

28

4.5

Cuk converter design in MATLAB/SIMULINK

31

4.6

Output voltage waveform of Cuk converter

32

4.7

Output current waveform of Cuk converter

32

4.8

Output power waveform of Cuk converter

33

5.1

Location of MPP with varying resistive loads

35

5.2

I-V curves for various irradiations and temperatures

36

7.1

General block diagram of fuzzy logic controller

49

7.2

Membership functions for input and output

51

9.1

Final block diagram with INC algorithm

56

9.2

Output voltage waveform with INC algorithm

57

9.3

Output current waveform with INC algorithm

57

9.4

Output power waveform with INC algorithm

58

9.5

Final block diagram with FUZZY LOGIC controller

59

9.6

Output power and current waveforms with FUZZY technique

60

9.7

Output voltage waveform with FUZZY technique

61

9.8

Comparison of waveforms with INC and FUZZY techniques

61

LIST OF TABLES
S.NO

DESCRIPTION

PAGE
NO.

3.1

Electrical characteristics data of PV module

13

4.1

Cuk converter specification

30

7.1

Fuzzy rule table

52

8.1

Comparison of INC algorithm and FUZZY LOGIC

54

9.1

Conversion efficiency of INC algorithm and FUZZY LOGIC

62

LIST OF FLOW CHARTS

S.NO
6.1

DESCRIPTION
Flow chart for incremental conductance algorithm

xi

PAGE.NO
44