Mobile communication

Hey guys ..i just completed my mobile communication exam. these are the questions that was
asked to me.
1. What are the problems regarding wireless physical layer?
2. What is the reason for fast fading.?
3. How is CSMA/CA different from CSMA/CD ?
4. Suppose you are working in a company and you go to some other palce, how will you protect
your communication ?
5. What is the problem with Mobile IP?
6. How are the methods CellularIP, HAWAII (hand off aware wireless internet access structure),
HMIP helping to solve that problem.?
the Mobile IP paradigm needs to be enhanced to cope with micromobility, i.e., movement
across multiple subnetworks within a single network or domain. As specified, Mobile IP can
result in disruption to user traffic during handoff. in the case of a quality-of-service (QoS)
enabled mobile host, acquiring a new care-of address on every handoff would trigger the
establishment of new QoS reservations from the HA to the FA even though most of the path
remains unchanged. In HAWAII, mobile hosts retain their network address while moving within
a domain.
7. If i do a handover in a wireless LAN from one AP t another , I still face QoS issues why?
8. What are the main characteristics of ADHOC network?
9. Explain AODV
10.What is the concept of Cognitive Radio., what is white space ?
11.Explain Self organization.
1. what are the problems in the physical layer of wireless communication?
2. what is the reason of fading?
3. what are the problems if we have several host want to access the wireless network?
4. How to solve the problem you mentioned?
5. Describe the MAC of 802.11
6. the idea of DFWMAC-PCF
7. How to provide QoS in 802.11, why we still not able to reach the "hard" QoS
8. What's the idea of Cognitive Radio Technology, why do we need it
9. What are the problems of Cognitive Radio Technology
10. Describe the idea of Self Organization
11. The properties of Self Organization
12. Describe the Double bridge experiment
Henry Shen also a question about the idea of mobile ip...
what the problems in higher layers like TCP and Network
What are the different kinds of problems in Wired and Wireless networks
How is a call handled in GSM ?explain the full call structure of GSM with diagram ?

What are the issues in GSM networks ?

How does CN communicate with MS ?
What are the MAC problems ?
What kind of security problems it has ?
what are the problems if several host want to access the wireless network?
How to solve the problem you mentioned?
What is the problem with reverse tunneling ? If MS sends data directly to CN what
kinds of problem does it face ?
Explain MAC in 802.11 ?
Is MAC in 802.11 self organized ?why and how ?
Explain the Double Bridge Experiment ? Explain how does the following Ants come to know
about the shortest path ? What makes them follow each other ?
what are the problems in physical layer ,
what is the relation between multipath propagation and fading ,
what the problems in higher layers like TCP and Network ,
explain MTC in GSM and handover ,
what is the solution to the porblems in wireless TCP when used with wired TCP ,
which layer is mobile IP and what are the concepts ,
which is better during handover - new FA communicating with old FA for trnasmission of old
packets or is it better to have it re routed thru the HA ,
what is the advantage and dis advantage of small paging area in GSM ,
what is self organisation ,
what aret ha advantages and disadvantages of self organisation ,
is it easy to generate and impliment algorithms for self orgaisation ,
what are the practical examples of self organisation in 802.11 and other layers ,
is RTS/CTS an example of self organisation ,

and yeah - they concentrate on problems of all layers and practical examples of self
organisation in various layers ... all the best
there was also a question on QOS in 802.11e explain , also does 802.11b provide QOS , does
EDCA provide guaranteed QOS
Wireless physical layer problems
-Mac problems
-Tcp/ip errors
-Adhoc routing protocol types
-How do we get to know that we change the location in MObile/IP
-Wireless Tcp Functionalities
-AODV and there methods u have to explain it through diagram
What are the problem with Wireless Communication, wireless physical layer?
Fading,fast fading, slow fading?
how to support mobility in wireless com?
some time in Mobile IP including location update , ha, fa?
Call in GSM? location update?

Cognitive radio, cognitive MAC, hidden terminal problem and solution and is this self organized
and why?
10:09am
. Physical Layer.. fading .. cause of it? dffrnc b/w fast and slow fading ..
2. diffrnce between QPSK and BPSK, which one is better ..
3. Cognitive mac and adhoc mac ..
4. AODV and how in cognitive it would work..
5. Problems with TCP and self organization ..
6. Swarm intelligence and Double bridge experiment ..
7. Difference b/w 802.11e and 802.11b(MAC)
8. How AIFS works, how it ensures QOS for voice data ..
9. Cognitive and problems with cognitive mac ..
10. Sensing technique, explain one of them. Problem with sensing mechanisms.
11. Dffrnce b/w int and dff serve, Per hop behaviours ..

1, Why do we need MAC ?

2. Explain Hidden terminal probelm? how do we solve this problem?
3. IEEE 802.11 mac protocols?
4. AODV routing in ad-hoc networks? explain?

5. which path is choosen when there are two route to destination in AODV?
6. Explain how cognitive radio works?
7. what is the difference between mobility in Cognitive radio network
and mobility in cellular network?
8. what is mobility management?
9. Expalin Mobile IP?
10.what is the need for QOS?
11. Expalin Intserv, Diffserv?

Questions for me in exam:

1. What are MAC protocols are for?
2. What is problem with the MAC protocols?
3. what are MAC protocols used in 802.11b?
4. what is cognitive radio?
5. How can you sense the spectrum hole? Tell different types of techniques.
6. Is their any difference between mobility in cognitive radio and in
normal cellular networks?
7. Is their a problem for TCP connection if the mobile node is
wireless connected to the network?(Ans: TCP/IP slides: slide 43-54 )
8. How can we do QOS signaling? (Ans: NSIS)
9.how is signalling done in a network where some Nodes support NSIS
and some doesn't?
10. Explain about Mobile IP?
11. How are packets are sent from mobile node to destination? (Reverse
Tunneling)
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[01/07/2014 14:25:34] nandeesh basavaraju: please do share
[01/07/2014 14:29:26] nandeesh basavaraju: Please find some more questions

-Tcp/ip errors
-Adhoc routing protocol types
-How do we get to know that we mobile node has change its location in Mobile/IP
-Wireless Tcp Functionalities
-AODV and there methods u have to explain it through diagram





Explain Medium Access Control ?existing examples ?
Collision detection ,CA why CA in wireless?
hidden terminal and collision avoidance
solution to it like RTS,CTS
RTS is broadcasted or no?

how does other user know how much time to wait with respect to rts cts?
Answer:time is specified in RTS.

802.11 wireless.
backoff timer.

DCF working.
particulary how to access medium


Mobile IP?
tuneeling?
IP within IP?
HA,FA,CN etc?


QOS
all types?
inteserv,diffserv overprovisioning?
how can be overprovisioning done with limited resources?
UMTS,GPRS uses overprovisioning.

TCP ,DCF self organization.
self organization in 802.11 ans dcf

properties of self organization.

CR technolgies.
MAC in CR.changes needed or no?
hardware manipulations necessary for CR.
different types of MAC in CR classification? SYN MAC?



Mobile communication
Hey guys ..i just completed my mobile communication exam. these are the questions that was
asked to me.
1. What are the problems regarding wireless physical layer?
Fading or interference
2. What is the reason for fast fading.?
Multipath propogation
3. How is CSMA/CA different from CSMA/CD ?
In CD->Detection usded in wire , In CA->collision avoidance (RTS,CTS)Use in wireless
4. Suppose you are working in a company and you go to some other palce, how will you protect
your communication ?

IPv6+Mobile IP
5. What is the problem with Mobile IP?
CN Firewall doesnt accept FAs ip in reverse communication. Reverse tunnel is applied which
has security problems. (injection of malicious node)
6. How are the methods CellularIP, HAWAII, HMIP helping to solve that problem.?
7. If i do a handover in a wireless LAN from one AP t another , I still face QoS issues why?
Link layer mobility, latency due to scanning.
Solution: periodic, selective scanning and neighbor information.
8. What are the main characteristics of ADHOC network?
Decentralized, scalable, limited BW and battery, unidirectional, SO, asymmetric data.
Problems: difficult time sych, security
9. Explain AODV
RREQ, RREP, RERR, Sequence numbers.
Route management: Link failure detection, prevent looping, refresh timers.
11.Explain Self organization.
Decentralized , scalable, autonomous,emergent properties
2. what is the reason of fading?
MULTIPATH propogation
3. what are the problems if we have several host want to access the wireless network?
HIDDEN terminal , exposed terminal, near far problems
4. How to solve the problem you mentioned?
CSMA/CA
5. Describe the MAC of 802.11
MAC (traffic,access methods) AND MAC MANAGEMENT (sync,power management, auth) both in
infra,adhoc
6. the idea of DFWMAC-PCF
poling(super frame,CP,CFP) use for time bound services only in infra,
7. How to provide QoS in 802.11, why we still not able to reach the "hard" QoS
Using 802.11 e (EDCA,HCCA), because operating in free band(ISM).
8. What's the idea of Cognitive Radio Technology, why do we need it
To use white spaces.To ensure the efficient use of spectrum
9. What are the problems of Cognitive Radio Technology
Interference to primary user .regualtory authority ,
12. Describe the Double bridge experiment
Ants
what the problems in higher layers like TCP and Network

packet loss in wireless b/c of mobility,fading, disconnection (for TCP).

How is a call handled in GSM ?explain the full call structure of GSM with diagram ?
What are the issues in GSM networks ?
Low data rate,
How does CN communicate with MS ?
Via HA, tunneling to FA(encapsulation) COA, then to MN. Co-located COA case.
What are the MAC problems ?
HIDDEN TERMINAL, EXPOSED, NEAR FAR
What kind of security problems it has ?
TAPING(GSM) solve using CDMA
What is the problem with reverse tunneling ? If MS sends data directly to CN what kinds of
problem does it face ?
Reverse tunneling can be hijacked, if MN-> CN, firewall blocks the msg due to different address
of FA.
Is MAC in 802.11 self organized ?why and how ?
Yes but only in Adhoc,
Because scalable,autonomous , RTS,CTS,
what is the relation between multipath propagation and fading ,
MULTIPATH(SHADOWING,Reflection,scattering,difrectrion,) causes fading
explain MTC(mobile terminal call flow) in GSM and handover ,
what is the solution to the porblems in wireless TCP when used with wired TCP ,
Indirect TCP, snooping TCP, Mobile TCP.
which layer is mobile IP and what are the concepts ,
Network layer Mobility, CN,MN,HA, FA, COA, tunneling.
which is better during handover - new FA communicating with old FA for trnasmission of old
packets or is it better to have it re routed thru the HA ,
1st option because there is much delay in the 2nd one.
what aret ha advantages and disadvantages of self organisation ,
Advantages: disaster management .
Disadvantages:
is it easy to generate and impliment algorithms for self orgaisation ,
what are the practical examples of self organisation in 802.11 and other layers ,
Mac !MACA , Transport !TCP (reduction of congestion window ), Physical !low power
is RTS/CTS an example of self organisation ,
YES in case of exposed terminals.

there was also a question on QOS in 802.11e explain , also does 802.11b provide QOS , does
EDCA provide guaranteed QOS
no
no
no

-Tcp/ip errors
-Adhoc routing protocol types
Reactive
proactive
hybrid
-How do we get to know that we change the location in MObile/IP

-Wireless Tcp Functionalities

Maintain reliable end to end connection.
-AODV and there methods u have to explain it through diagram

how to support mobility in wireless com?

MOBILE IP
some time in Mobile IP including location update , ha, fa?
First time:NEW FA update HA
SEC TIME: NEW FA update old FA, and old update HA, HA update CN
..
Call in GSM? location update?

Cognitive radio, cognitive MAC, hidden terminal problem and solution and is this self organized
and why?
C.R MAC -> hybrid mac (random access mac + time sloted MAC ) using SYN mac
RTS /CTS -> YES S.O
I dont know