Design of A Cantilever Wall: Given Data

Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
DESIGN OF A CANTILEVER WALL

GIVEN DATA:
Height of stem above G.L. =30
Bearing Capacity of soil = 5 ksf
fc = 5000psi &
fy = 60,000psi
= 30O AND Overburden pressure = 4 height

CALCULATIONS:
HEIGHT OF WALL:
Allowing 4 for the frost penetration to the bottom of the footing in front of
the wall, so total height becomes;
h = 30 + 4 = 34
THICKNESS OF BASE:
At this, it may be assumed 7 to 10% of the overall height of wall.
Assume a uniform thickness = t = 3.5
(i.e. 10% of h)
BASE LENGTH:
h =34 and
So,
h = 4
P= Cahwh (h+ 2h)

P =0.5(0.333)(120)(34)[34 + 2(4)]
where Cah=1-Sin/1+sin
P=28560 lb..(1)
And y= h/3 [(h+3h)/ (h+2h)] = 34/3 [(34+ 3X4)/(34+2X4)] = 12.41 ..(2)
Cantilever Retaining Wall
Page 1
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
Taking moment about point a

W=(120)(x)(34+8)=5040x lb.
So; W(x/2)=(P)(y)
2520x2 = (28560)(12.41)
x= 11.86
So the base length =1.5X11.86 =17.79
Use 17-9 with toe =4-4 and
x=13-5
STEM THICKNESS:
Prior computing stability factors, more accurate knowledge of the concrete dimensions is
necessary.
The thickness of the base of stem is selected with regard of the bending and shear requirement.
P for 30 height and h = 4
P= Cahwh (h+ 2h)
= 0.5(0.3333)(120)(30.5)[30.5 +2(4)]
=23,461.5 lb.
Page 2
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
y= h/3 [(h+3h)/(h+2h)] = 30.5/3 [ (30.5+ 3X4)/(30.5+2X4)] = 11.22

and Mu =1.7(P)(y) =447504.65 lb.ft.
b = 0.85 fc/fy [87000/87000+fy] =
..
,

X
, = 0.0356
max = 0.75 b =0.0267

For adequqte deflection control, choose = max 0.01335
Then
Rn = fy [1- m]
And; m= fy/0.85fc
= (0.01335)(60,000) [1- (0.01335) 14.12]
= 60,000/(0.85)(5000)
= 726
=14.12
Required bd2 = Required Mn/ Rn

Or
/
bd2 =
d2 =

/

.
.

= 26.17
Total thickness =26.17 + 0.5 +3 =29.7 30

Try 30 of base of stem and select 12 for top of the wall.
Note: By taking these calculated value, when we proceed for the shear atd and afterwards
For F.O.S. against overturning; F.O.S comes less than 2 (so its not ok).
Also for same values, the settlement check is also not ok.
So; by inspection/ by trial & error method.
Revise the following dimensions as given below:
.Total base length = 23
where; x=19 and toe= 4
.Thickness of stems base = 32

SHEAR AT d
d used now = 32-0.5-3 = 28.5 or 2.375
Page 3
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
At 30.5 2.375 = 28.125 from top.

P = x 0.333 x120 x 28.125 [28.125+ 2(4)]
= 20,299.99 lb.
& Vu= 1.7P =34509.98 lb.
& Vu = 2bd = 0.85 x 2x 5000 x 12 x 28.5 = 41,111.18 lb.
Since, Vu > Vu; so no shear reinforcement is required.
FOS AGAINST OVERTURNING:
Page 4
Syed Saqib Mehboob
Components
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
TOTAL
06-CE-50
Force (lb.)
(16.33)(30.5)(120) = 59767.8
(1.66)(30.5)(150) = 3797.25
(1)(30.5)(150) = 4575
(23)(3.5)(150) = 12075
(1.66)(30.5)(120)= 3037.8
(18)(4)(120) = 8640
F = 91892.85 lb
Arm(ft)
14.825
5.55
4.5
11.5
6.106
14
Moments(lb.ft)
886057.635
21074.7375
20587.5
138862.5
18548.80
120960
M=1206091.173 lb
From eq. (1) & (2); we have:

P = 28560 lb
y = 12.41
Overturning moment = 28560 x 12.41 = 354429.6 lb.ft
FOS against overturning =
.173
$ .
= 3.4 > 2
so ok.
LOCATION OF RESULTANT AND FOOTING SOIL PRESSURE:

Distance of the resultant fro edge is:
a=
%&'()&*' +,+-*).,/-0)0*&*' +,+-*)

),)12 2,13 righting
1206091.
$.$ .
),)12 2,13 0&'()&*'
= 9.27
Middle third = 7.66; so resultant is within the middle third.
Page 5
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
Therefore q1 = RV/l2 (4l 6a) =
91892.
$ $
[4(23) 6(9.27)] = 6.31 > 5 ksf
so not ok..
So revise; Readjust the stem location over base

Now take toe length = 7 8
And length x = 15 4
Then recalculating the F & M for new values we get;
RV = 76752.65 lb.
& M = 112570.86 lb.
Now; FOS comes 3.1> 2.0
0k
Resultants location = a= 10.0

Thus;
q1 = RV/l2 (4l 6a) =

.
$ $
[4(23) 6(10.0)] = 4642.8 < 5 ksf
q2 = RV/l2 (6a 2l) = 2031.26 psf < 5 ksf
so ok.
FOS AGAINST SLIDING:

Force causing sliding = P = 28560 lb.
Frictional resistance= RV = (0.4)(76752.65) = 30701.06 lb.
Passive earth pressure against 3.5 height of footing = wh2 Cph = (120)(3.52)(3) = 2205 lb.
FOS =
REQUIRED.
$
.

= 1.2 < 1.5
SO KEY IS
The front of key is 5 in front of back face of stem. This will permit anchoring the stem
reinforcement in the key.
>
$.
.
$
Page 6
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
? = 1486.31 lb/ft
Total ordinate = 3517.57 lb/ ft
Frictional resistance b/w soil to soil = R = (tan) [
.$
.
Frictional resistance b/w heel concrete to soil = R = (0.4) [
](9.91) = 23344.95 lb.
$
.
$.

](13.09) = 14526.84
lb.
Passive earth pressure = wh2 Cph = (120)(h2 )(3) = 180 h2 lb.
FOS against sliding = 1.5
1.5=
$$. .@A

h= 5.25,
so key height = 53 3.5 = 1 9
And the heel height =

DESIGN OF HEEL CANTILEVER:
WU =
(1.7)(120)(4)+(1.4)(30.5X120+3.5X150)
= 6675 lb/ft
Page 7
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
Mu = wl2/2
= (6.675)(12.673)2 = 536.0 k. ft
Vu = Factored shear at a joint of stem and heel ..(3)

Note: When the support reaction introduces compression into the end region, then critical
shear is at a distance d from the face of support. However, the support is not producing
compression; therefore critical shear is at a joint of stem and heel.
Now Vu = (12.673)(6675) = 84592.27 lb.
Vu = 2bd = 0.85x2x5000 x 12 x 39.5 = 56978.66 < Vu
So; depth is required to be increased.
d=
BC
EFGH3
.
,.( )
= 58.6 60 (i.e. 5)
and d = 57.5
Now; Wu= 1.7(120)(4) + 1.4[(29)(120) + (5)(150)] = 6738 lb/ft

Mu = (6738)(12.673)2 = 541078.0 lb.ft
Required Rn =

H3A
= [1 N1
M
min =

EQ
IJ
MP
EQ
(541078.)( )
(.)( )(
.)A
= 181.83 psi.
] = 0.00309
= 0.00333
As= minbd = (0.00333)(12)(57.5) = 2.297 in2

Use # 8 @4 c/c (As = 2.36 in2)
Development length required:
Since in cantilever heel main bars are on top;
So;
Page 8
Syed Saqib Mehboob
ld = (1.3)
.ER ST
06-CE-50
= (1.3)
EU
.,.

= 34.85
Available length = 152.07 -3 = 149.076
where; V = r2 )
so ok
DESIGN OF TOE:
>
.
15.$
? = 1741.79 lb/ft
Total ordinate = 1741.79 + 2031.26 = 3773.05 lb/ ft

Self load = (0.9)(1x3.5x150) = 472.5 lb/ ft
Wu= (1.7)(
.$
$.

= 7153.47 lb/ ft
Wu= 7153.47- 472.5 = 6680.97 lb/ ft

Mu = wl2/2 = = (6680.97)(7.66)2 = 196004.96 lb. ft
Required Rn=
IJ
.
H3
. $.A
A=
= 139.58 psi
= 0.00236
min =

W
= 0.00333
(holds)
As= min bd = (0.00333)(12)(39.5) = 1.578 in2

Use # 8 @ 51X2 c/c (As = 1.71 in2)
Development length required:
Page 9
Syed Saqib Mehboob
ld =
.04ER ST
EU
06-CE-50
= 26.80
Available length = 7.66-(
12
) = 7.41 or 88.92
At distance d= 39.5= 3.29 = 7.66 -3.29

= 4.37
>
.
.$
$
? = 2115.36 lb/ft
Total ordinate = 4146.62
Earth pressure = Y
..
](4.37)(1.7) = 32648.30 lb.
Vu = 32648.30 (472.5 -4.37) =30583.47 lb.

Vc = 2bd = 0.85500012 (39.5) = 56978.66 lb.
Therefore; Vc > Vu.
so no shear reinforcement is required.
REINFORCEMENT FOR STEM:

P= Cahwh (h+ 2h)
Note: (30.5-1.5 = 29) As; 3.5+1.5 =5,
= 0.5(0.3333)(120)(29)[29 +2(4)]
which was new heel base thickness.
=21438.54 lb.
y= h/3 [(h+3h)/(h+2h)] = 10.71
Mu = (1.7)(21438.54)(10.71) = 390331.49 lb.ft
Rn =
IJ
H3A
$$$.
. .A
= 533.95 psi.
= 0.00954
As= bd = (0.00954)(12)(28.5) = 3.26 in2
Use # 10 @ 41X2 c/c (As = 3.37 in2)
At 5 from top:
Page 10
Syed Saqib Mehboob
P=1298.7 lb.
06-CE-50
y= 2.179
Mu=4.81 k.ft
y= 4.07
Mu=14.65 k.ft
y= 5.87
Mu=68.79 k.ft
At 10 from top:
P=3596.4 lb.
At 15 from top:
P=6893.1 lb.
At 20 from top:
P=11188.8 lb.
y= 7.62
Mu=144.9 k.ft
y= 9.34
Mu=261.72 k.ft
At 25 from top:
P=16483.5 lb.
Mu=390.33 k.ft
At base:
WITH FULL REINFORCEMENT:
C = 0.85fcba = 0.85 x 5000 x 12 x a =51000a
T = Asfy = 3.37 x 60,000 = 202200
a = 3.96 in.
At top of wall
(C=T)
d = 8.5
\
Mn = 0.9Asfy (d - ) = (0.9)(202200)(8.5 3.96/2) = 1186509.6 lb.in or 98.87 k.ft

At base of stem d = 28.5
Mn = 402.176 k.ft
WITH HALF REINFORCEMENT:
C = 0.85fcba = 0.85 x 5000 x 12 x a =51000a
T = Asfy = 1.685 x 60,000 = 101100
a = 1.98 in.
At top of wall
(C=T)
d = 8.5
Mn = 56.94 k.ft
Page 11
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50

Mn = 208.59 k.ft
WITH HALF REINFORCEMENT:
C = 0.85fcba = 0.85 x 5000 x 12 x a =51000a
T = Asfy = 0.8425 x 60,000 = 505500
a = 0.99 in.
At top of wall
(C=T)
d = 8.5
Mn = 30.34 k.ft
Mn = 106.17 k.ft
THEORATICAL CUT OFF POINTS:
Theoretical cutoff points should be cut off at 7 distance from bottom and further half bars
should be cut off at 14 theoretically from bottom.
Page 12
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
The actual termination is found out by extending beyond the intersection of capacity moment
line with the factored moment diagram a distance of either the effective depth d or 12 bar
diameters, whichever is greater.
(a) Effective Depth:
>
Q
?=
20
$.

$.
xy
d at 7 from bottom (y=23.5)
where; y = 30.5 7 = 23.7
? = 15.4
Therefore; 8.5+15.4 = 23.9= 24
Also; ? =

x y = 10.81
$.
where; d at 14 from bottom
(y=16.5)
Therefore; 8.5+10.81 = 19.3= 24
(b) 12 bar diameters:

bar used #10 of diameter = 1.25
So; 12db = 15
Conclusions from (a) & (b):
Since; we have to use the greater value thus; add 24 in all termination point lengths.
Actual Cut off points:
Therefore half bars should be terminated actually at 7 + 2 = 9 from bottom.
And further half bars should be terminated actually at 14 + 2 = 16.
For tension bars to be terminated in the tension zone, one of the following conditions must be
satisfied:
(1) Vu at cut off points must not exceed two third of the shear strength Vn.
Page 13
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
(2) Continuing bars must provide at least twice the area required for bending moment at the
cutoff point.
(3) Excess shear reinforcement is provided.
Condition No: 01. (Check whether theoretical cutoff point is enough or not).
At 23.5 from top (for half reinforcement)
Vc = 2bd = 0.855000(12) (24) x
]
^

= 25.14 kips .(4)
Vc = 2bd = 0.855000(12) (19.3) x

^
= 34.62 kips.
Vc = 23.08 kips.
& Vu = 1.7 [ Cah wh(h+ 2h) ] x

(Not Satisfied)
= 27.84 kips.
Vc = 18.56 kips.
Now; Vu = 1.7 [ Cahwh (h+ 2h) ] x

= 13.7 kips
( Satisfied)
Now; these bars can be terminated.

Stress concentration check:
Shear at bottom = Vu = (1.7)(21.43854) = 36.45 kips.
Vc = 2bd = 0.855000(12) (28.5) x
Vc > Vu ;
1000
= 41.11 kips.
so; no need of shear reinforcement.
Note: thus; from eq. (4) results we cannot cutoff the bars at 7 from bottom as the condition is
not satisfied. Thats why we had found out the actual cutoff points i.e. 9 & 16 respectively.
Check for :
The used should not be less than

W
at any point. This minimum limit, strictly speaking,
does not hold true for retaining walls. However; because the integrity of retaining wall depend
absolutely on the vertical walls, it appears to be suitable to use this limit in such cases:
First termination point is 9 from bottom where d = 22.59; As = 1.685 in2 (half case)
Page 14
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
Since; As= bd
So; =0.0062 >
Consider fig. 1 and relation

EQ
= 0.0033
(ok)
?=

$.
x y ; here y= 30.5-9=21.5
Then; ? = 14.09 & d =8.5+ 14.09 = 22.59

= 0.0039 >

EQ
(ok)
Another requirement is that maximum spacing of the primary flexural reinforcement exceed
neither 3 times the wall thickness nor 18 in.
These restrictions are satisfied as well.
Splice lengths:
For the splice of deformed bars in tension; at sections where the ratio of steel provided to the
required is less than 2 and where no more than 50% of the steel is spliced; the ACI code
requirement, a class B splice of length 1.3 ld
ld for #10 bars = 42
(from table A.10.)
Splice Length = 1.3x42 = 54.6 or 4-6
(ok)
TEMPERATURE & SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT:

Total amount of horizontal bars (h is average thickness)
As = 0.002bh =0.002x 12 x
= 0.528 in2/ft

Since; front face is more exposed to temperature changes; therefore rd of this amount is
$
placed in front face and one third in rear.

Accordingly, As = 0.352 in2/ft

$
Also; As = 0.176 in2/ft

$
Use # 10 @ 61X2 c/c (As = 0.36 in2)

Use # 3 @ 18 c/c (As = 0.36 in2)
For vertical reinforcement on the front face; use any nominal amount; Use # 10 @ 18 c/c
Since; base is not subjected to extreme temperature changes, therefore; use 4@12c/c just for
spacers will be sufficient.
Page 15
Syed Saqib Mehboob
06-CE-50
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Syed Saqib Mehboob