Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
4/21/14
Civil Rights & Social Movements in the Americas
1. US African American Rights Movement
a. Contradicting forces of belief in equality vs. inherently racist society.
b. De facto (societal) discrimination now, not de jure (legal)
c. Northern whites supported Southern Civil Rights movement
i. However, when came to north, were upset
ii. Plessy vs Ferguson (1896) = separate but equal
d. NAACP (early 1900s)= W.E.B. Du Bios
i. Blacks entered WWII with double V for victory
ii. Integration of army during Korean War
e. Education probs
i. Brown vs. Board of Education= separate isnt equal (1954)
ii. Poor education quality + literacy voting test = obvious
discrimination
iii. Little Rock Nine (1957)
iv. 1968 Supreme Court decision to integrate schools all at once
f. 1955- Emmett Till (14) brutally mutilated and murdered while visiting
family in South b/c flirted w/ white woman
g. 1955- Rosa Parks and Montgomery Bus Boycott
i. MLK Jr. Led boycott, brought media
1. Succeeded, King formed Southern Christian Leadership
Conference
2. Known for Letter from Birmingham City Jail
3. Assassinated 1968
h. Kennedy elected, movement picked up
i. Talked more than acted, though
ii. Whites still prevented blacks active in civil rights from getting
jobs
iii. Kennedy movement slow b/c limited t courts
1. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
began sit-ins
2. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) used Freedom Riders
a. Kenned protected
iv. Kenned feared claims MLK was Communist, wire tapped phone
v. Kennedy had first black student escorted to Ole Miss
i. Aug 1963- March on Washington
j. Summer 1964- Summer Project= black and white students for voting
rights
i. Three killed, white jury refused to convict
k. LBJ used publicity of tragedies to pass 1965 Voting Rights Act (forbade
discrimination)
i. 1965 Voting Rights Act (right to vote)
ii. 1964- 24th Amendment (poll tax illegal)
l. 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer Project= organize Freedom
Democratic Party (FDP) via National Dem Convention