Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the procedures used in conducting research. The discussion
includes; research design, approach, research object, data collection and data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

Research design is a plan for collecting and analyzing evidence that will make it
possible for the investigator to answer whatever questions he or she has posed. The
design of an investigation touches almost all aspects of the research, from the minute
details of data collection to the selection of the techniques of data analysis (Flick,
2009: 128). According to Gray (2007:34) Research design is the overall process of
using your imagination as well as the strategy and tactics of science to guide the
collection and analysis of data. He says that basic choice in research is the distinction
between quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data use numbers to describe
what exists. Qualitative data rely on words, especially nouns and adjectives that
convey what exist (Gray, 2007: 42).
The design of this research is descriptive qualitative research because the
researcher described and explained the motivation that happened in film 3 Idiots,
regarding to the motivation that got by Rancho, Farhan and Raju to reach the goals.

3.2 Approach
In this research, it is important to know what approach the researcher used. It
represents the researchs view towards the literary works. According to Eliot (in

Kennedy: 1983), there are four approaches which are usually used in analyzing
literary work: mimetic, pragmatic, expressive and objective.
1. Mimetic Approach views literary works as imitation, or reflection, or
representation of the world or human life, and criterion applied to a work is
the truth of its representation to the object matter that it represents or should
be represented.
2. Pragmatic Approach views the literary works as something which is
constructed in order to achieve certain effect of the audience such as
instruction, aesthetic, pleasure, emotion and it tends to judge the value of the
work according to its success in achieving that aim.
3. Expressive Approach views a work of literature that expresses the feelings of
the person who wrote it. Therefore, to study it, the researcher has to learn
more about the authors life.
4. Objective Approach views a story, a poem, a play or novel to be an individual
entity, existing on the page that can be read and understood in its own right,
without a necessary studying the authors life or the age in which it is written
or its possible effects on the reader.
The approach used by the researcher is objective approach, because the
researcher does not study anything related to the authors life. The researcher only
focuses on analyzing Ranchos, Farhans and Rajus motivation to reach the goals in
Rajkumar Hirani film 3 Idiots.

3.3 Research Instrument

The research instrument of this research is human instrument. According to Ary

(2010:424) in qualitative studies, the human investigator is the primary instrument for
the gathering and analyzing of data.

3.4 Research Object

The object of this research is the 3 Idiots movie. The researcher used this film
is because the film can be a source of motivation and inspiration to the viewers and
also makes us realize that how important the motivation and inspiration to get their
future goals.

3.5 Data Collection

1.

Watching the film 3 Idiots.

2.

Identifying the dialogue and action of three main characters that contains of
motivation from the film by capturing some screenshot.

3.

Selecting the dialogue and action related with the motivation of three main
characters.

3.6 Data Analysis

After collecting the data, the last step is analyzing data in order to reach the
appropriate result. The researcher has three steps. Those are;
1. Reviewing the motivation of three main characters in each scene and dialogue
that have been collected. The step is sorting the screenshot of dialogue and action
for each character that contains of motivation.

2. Gathering and sorting the relevant screenshot dialogue and action of three main
characters that contains of motivation with the kind of motivation.
3. Drawing the conclusion.