Amr

AMR Feature Parameter Description
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.

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consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
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recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
BSS
AMR
Contents
Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Intended Audience ........................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Change History.............................................................................................................................. 1-1
2 Overview of AMR.......................................................................................................................2-1
3 Technical Description ..............................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Inband Signaling............................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 Speech Rate Adjustment............................................................................................................... 3-2
3.3 Rate Adjustment Threshold Adaptation......................................................................................... 3-5
3.4 AMR Power Control....................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.5 DTX ............................................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.6 TFO ............................................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.7 Handover....................................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.8 Impact on KPI................................................................................................................................ 3-6
4 Engineering Guidelines...........................................................................................................4-1
5 Parameters .................................................................................................................................5-1
6 Counters......................................................................................................................................6-1
7 Glossary ......................................................................................................................................7-1
8 Reference Documents .............................................................................................................8-1
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This document describes the AMR feature. It describes AMR speech rate adjustment, rate adjustment
threshold adaptation, AMR power control, enabling of Tandem Free Operation (TFO) and Discontinuous
Transmission (DTX) in the case of AMR, and handover between AMR FR and AMR HR.
1.2 Intended Audience

This document is intended for:
z
Personnel who need to understand AMR
Personnel who work with Huawei products
1.3 Change History

This section provides information on the changes in different document versions.
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:
z
Feature change: refers to the change in the AMR feature of a specific product version.
Editorial change: refers to the change in wording or the addition of the information that was not
described in the earlier version.
Document Issues
The document issues are as follows:
z
02 (2009-09-30)
01 (2009-06-30)
02 (2009-09-30)
This is the second commercial release of GBSS9.0.
Compared with 01 (2009-06-30), issue 02 (2009-09-30) incorporates the changes described in the
following table.
Change
Type
Change Description
Parameter Change
Feature
change
None.
None.
Editorial
change
The structure of the document

is optimized.
None.
01 (2009-06-30)
This is the first commercial release of GBSS9.0.
Compared with issue 01 (2009-04-30) of GBSS8.1, issue 01 (2009-06-30) of GBSS9.0 incorporates the
changes described in the following table.
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1 Introduction
Change
Type
Change Description
Parameter Change
Feature
change
3.3 Rate Adjustment

Threshold Adaptation is
optimized.
The added parameters are listed

as follows:
Different power control

strategies are used for AMR
calls and non-AMR calls.
Editorial
change
1-2
The structure of the document

is optimized.
AMR Downlink Adaptive

Threshold Allowed
Allow III Power Control For

Non-AMR
Allow III Power Control For AMR
None.

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2 Overview of AMR
2 Overview of AMR
AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and
half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically
select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in
the radio environment. This enhances the anti-interference capability and the speech quality of the
wireless communication system.
AMR is classified into AMR FR and AMR HR. AMR specifies eight speech coding rates. Table 2-1 lists
the speech coding rates supported by AMR FR and AMR HR.
Table 2-1 AMR speech coding rates
Coding Rate
AMR FR
AMR HR
4.75 kbit/s
5.15 kbit/s
5.90 kbit/s
6.70 kbit/s
7.40 kbit/s
7.95 kbit/s
10.2 kbit/s
12.2 kbit/s
NOTE
-: not supported
: supported
Note: When Service Type of the BTS is set to IP or HDLC, Huawei BSS supports
the AMR coding rate of 7.95 kbit/s. When Service Mode of the BTS is set to TDM,
Huawei BSS does not support the AMR HR coding rate of 7.95 kbit/s.
As listed in Table 2-1, the coding rates of 12.2 kbit/s and 10.2 kbit/s are supported by only the AMR FR
channel. The other six types of coding rates are supported by both the AMR FR channel and the AMR
HR channel.
Each ACS contains a maximum of four codec modes. One codec mode corresponds to one speech
coding rate.
z
For an AMR FR call, the ACS contains a maximum of four speech coding rates of the eight rates listed
in Table 2-1.
For an AMR HR call, the ACS contains a maximum of four speech coding rates of the six rates listed in
Table 2-1.
When AMR is enabled on the network, the BSC selects an ACS and then a codec mode from the ACS
during the call establishment or the handover procedure. Meanwhile, the MS and the BTS
continuously measure the receive level, receive quality, and C/I ratio. According to the measurement
results, the MS and the BTS continuously evaluate the interference level in the radio environment. The
BTS then adjusts the speech coding rates of the MS and the BTS according to the evaluated
interference level through the inband signaling.
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3 Technical Description
3.1 Inband Signaling
Inband signaling is a type of signaling through which user data and control information are transmitted
on the same channel. In this document, the inband signaling refers to the AMR control information such
as the CMR and CMI that is transmitted through certain bits in the header of the Transcoder and Rate
Adaptor Unit (TRAU) frame.
During a call, the MS and the BTS continuously measure the interference level experienced by the
signals and analyze the measurement results. Based on the measurement results, the AMR control
information is then exchanged through the inband signaling to enable the BTS to adjust the speech
coding rate involved in the ongoing speech service.
The AMR control information is transmitted through certain bits in the header of the TRAU frame. The
AMR control information can be classified into the following types:
Downlink Codec Mode Request (DL CMR): The DL CMR occupies two bits in the header of the TRAU
frame. It is used by the MS to send the recommended DL codec mode to the BTS.
Downlink Codec Mode Indication (DL CMI): The DL CMI occupies two bits in the header of the TRAU
frame. It is used by the BTS to send the current DL codec mode to the MS.
Uplink Codec Mode Command (UL CMC): The UL CMC occupies two bits in the header of the TRAU
frame. It is used by the BTS to send the UL codec mode that should be used by the MS to the MS.
Uplink Codec Mode Indication (UL CMI): The UL CMI occupies two bits in the header of the TRAU frame.
It is used by the MS to send the current UL codec mode to the BTS.
Uplink Maximum Codec Mode Command (UL Max CMC): The UL Max CMC occupies three bits in the
header of the TRAU frame.
To implement AMR codec mode adaptation, a Mode Control Entity is used in both the MS and the BTS,
as shown in Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1 AMR codec mode adaptation
MS
Speech
Decoder
Channel
Decoder
DL CMI
UL CMC
Mode
Control
Entity
UL Max CMC
Speech
Encoder
Mode
Control
Entity
DL CMR
UL CMC
Channel
Encoder
Channel
Encoder
DL CMI
UL CMC
DL MEAS
Speech
Encoder
TRAU
BTS
UL MEAS
DL CMR
UL CMI
Channel
Decoder
Speech
Decoder
As shown in Figure 3-1, the AMR codec mode adaptation procedure is as follows:
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z
Uplink direction
The BTS measures the receive quality of the UL speech and generates the Uplink Measurement (UL
MEAS).
The Mode Control Entity of the BTS updates the UL CMC based on the UL MEAS generated by the
BTS.
The BTS instructs the MS to change the UL codec mode through the UL CMC.
The MS changes the UL codec mode as indicated by the UL CMC and then sends the UL CMI to the
BTS to inform the BTS of the new UL codec mode.
Downlink direction
The MS measures the receive quality of the DL speech and generates the Downlink Measurement (DL
MEAS). The Mode Control Entity of the MS converts the DL MEAS into the recommended DL codec
mode. Then, the MS sends the recommended DL codec mode to the BTS through the DL CMR.
The Mode Control Entity of the BTS updates the DL speech codec mode based on the recommended
DL codec mode sent from the MS.
The BTS instructs the MS to use the new DL codec mode through the DL CMI.
3.2 Speech Rate Adjustment

AMR speech rate adjustment is the process that the AMR codec mode of a call on a channel frequently
changes to adapt to the variations of the interference level in the radio environment.
Each AMR codec mode has an adjustment threshold, which is used to select the codec mode that is best
suited to the C/I ratio of the interference level in the radio environment. To avoid the constant changes of
the codec mode, the process of hysteresis is introduced. The value of the threshold ranges from 0 to 63.
Value 1 indicates 0.5 dB, and value 2 indicates 1 dB. The rest may be deduced by analogy. The value of
the hysteresis ranges from 0 to 15. The hysteresis value complements the threshold.
Figure 3-2 shows the procedure for AMR codec mode adjustment.
Figure 3-2 Procedure for AMR codec mode adjustment
C/I
CODEC_MODE_4
THR_3 + HYST_3 = THR_MX_Up(3)
THR_3
= THR_MX_Dn(4)
CODEC_MODE_3
THR_2
= THR_MX_Dn(3)
CODEC_MODE_2
CODEC_MODE_1
THR_1
THR_N: AMR Coding Rate adj.thN

(1N3)
3-2
= THR_MX_Dn(2)
HYST_N: AMR Coding Rate adj.hystN

(1N3)

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CODEC_MODE_1: indicates the

lowest-bit-rate codec mode
CODEC_MODE_2: indicates the codec

mode whose bit rate is higher than only
that of CODEC_MODE_1 (assume that
there is more than one codec mode in
the ACS)

mode whose bit rate is the second
highest in the ACS (assume that there
are more than two codec modes in the
ACS)

mode whose bit rate is the highest in the
ACS (assume that there are four codec
modes in the ACS)
Assume that the currently used codec mode is CODEC_MODE_3. As shown in Figure 3-2, when the C/I
ratio is greater than THR_3 plus HYST_3, the codec mode is changed to CODEC_MODE_4; when the
C/I ratio is smaller than THR_2, the codec mode is changed to CODEC_MODE_2.
The procedure for AMR UL speech rate adjustment is similar to the procedure for AMR DL speech rate
adjustment. The AMR UL codec mode is adjusted by the BTS, and the AMR DL codec mode is adjusted
by the MS. Figure 3-3 shows the procedure through which the BTS adjusts the AMR UL codec mode.
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Figure 3-3 Procedure through which the BTS adjusts the AMR UL codec mode
THR_N: AMR UL Coding Rate adj.thN

(1N3)
HYST_N: AMR UL Coding Rate adj.hystN

(1N3)
The procedure through which the BTS adjusts the AMR UL codec mode shown in Figure 3-3 is
described as follows:
1. During AMR FR call establishment, AMR Starting Mode[F] specifies which codec mode in AMR
ACS[F] should be used to make a call. During AMR HR call establishment, AMR Starting Mode[H]
specifies which codec mode in AMR ACS[H] should be used to make a call.
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2.
The AMR Rate Control Switch parameter specifies whether the AMR speech rate is adjusted. The
setting of this parameter is described as follows:
When this parameter is set to Algorithm I, it indicates that the BSC adjusts the AMR speech rate
based on the C/I ratio.
When this parameter is set to Algorithm II, it indicates that the BSC adjusts the AMR speech rate
based on the Bit Error Rate (BER).
When this parameter is set to None, it indicates that the AMR rate adjustment is disabled.
3. If the AMR Rate Control Switch parameter is set to Algorithm I or Algorithm II, the AMR codec mode
adapts to the change of the radio environment during the call according to the configured threshold
and hysteresis.
The following description takes the adjustment of the AMR FR codec mode as an example.
The currently used codec mode is CODEC_MODE_1.
If the filter value is greater than AMR UL Coding Rate adj.th1[F] plus AMR UL Coding Rate
adj.hyst1[F], the peer end needs to adjust the codec mode to CODEC_MODE_2.
In other cases, the codec mode remains unchanged.
If the filter value is smaller than AMR UL Coding Rate adj.th1[F], the peer end needs to adjust the
codec mode to CODEC_MODE_1.
4. If the codec mode is to be adjusted, the BTS sends a UL CMC to the MS. The procedure for adjusting
the UL codec mode by the BTS is complete.
3.3 Rate Adjustment Threshold Adaptation

Generally, network planning engineers set the ACS, threshold parameters, and hysteresis parameters
for a cell according to the evaluation of the radio channel quality. When the radio channel quality keeps
changing or the quality evaluation is inaccurate, the parameter settings do not meet the requirements of
the speech services in the cell. In this case, the appropriate AMR codec mode cannot be selected for a
call, and the quality of the speech services is affected.
The AMR rate adjustment threshold adaptation function enables the BSC to monitor the speech quality
in real time and to adaptively modify the threshold parameters. Thus, an appropriate AMR codec mode
can always be selected for the call.
The principle for uplink adaptive adjustment of the threshold is the same as that for downlink adaptive
adjustment of the threshold.
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When the BSC sends the BTS a channel activation or a speech codec mode modification message, the
channel activation or the speech codec mode modification message carries Uplink Long-term FER
Upper Threshold, Uplink Long-term FER Lower Threshold, Uplink Long-term FER Target, and
Uplink Threshold Adjust Factor, if AMR Uplink Adaptive Threshold Allowed in the cell is set to Yes
and the call is an AMR call. On receiving the message, the BTS adaptively adjusts the AMR codec mode
for the call.
When the BSC sends the BTS a channel activation or a speech codec mode modification message, the
channel activation or the speech codec mode modification message carries Downlink Long-term FER
Upper Threshold, Downlink Long-term FER Lower Threshold, Downlink Long-term FER Target,
and Downlink Threshold Adjust Factor, if AMR Downlink Adaptive Threshold Allowed in the cell is
set to Yes and the call is an AMR call. On receiving the message, the BTS adaptively adjusts the AMR
codec mode for the call.
3.4 AMR Power Control

The procedure of power control for AMR calls is similar to that for non-AMR calls.
In Huawei II power control algorithm and Huawei III power control algorithm, parameters related to AMR
power control are configured separately from those related to non-AMR power control. The AMR calls
and non-AMR calls can adopt different power control strategies. For details, see Power Control
Parameter Description.
3.5 DTX
The Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) feature used for AMR calls is the same as that used for
non-AMR calls. For details on DTX, see the DTX and DRX feature.
z
When AMR is enabled on the network, you can set FR Use Downlink DTX to Yes and FR Uplink DTX
to Shall Use to enable DTX for AMR FR calls.
When AMR is enabled on the network, you can set FR Uplink DTX to Yes and HR Uplink DTX to
Shall Use to enable DTX for AMR HR calls.
3.6 TFO
TFO can be enabled together with AMR. When TFO Switch is set to on, the BSC sends the BTS the
channel activation or speech codec mode modification message, instructing the BTS to or not to enable
AMR TFO. For details on TFO, see the TFO feature.
3.7 Handover
The Intra-cell AMR TCHF-TCHH handover algorithm is introduced in both handover algorithm I and
handover algorithm II. For details, see the Handover feature.
Through the dynamic conversion between AMR HR channels and AMR FR channels, the speech quality
and the system capacity are optimally balanced.
Before implementing the intra-cell AMR TCHF-TCHH handover algorithm, you must enable the half-rate service and AMR
HR.
3.8 Impact on KPI

The use of AMR has an impact on the KPIs related to the call drop rate, congestion rate, traffic volume,
and handover.
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Impact on Call Drop Rate

AMR improves the robustness of the AMR speech frame but not the robustness of the SACCH frame
(robustness indicates the anti-interference capability of the AMR). Theoretically therefore, AMR does not
affect the TCH call drop rate. In practice, however, when AMR is enabled, the TCH call drop rate
increases because of the following causes:
z
As for EFR/FR/HR, the difference between the robustness of the SACCH frame and that of the speech
frame is not great. A user in a weak coverage area may hang up the phone because of the poor
speech quality. Such a situation is not counted as a call drop.
When AMR is enabled, the robustness of the AMR FR speech frame is higher than that of the SACCH
frame. Thus, the speech frame in a weak coverage area can be appropriately decoded, and the user
will not hang up the phone. The SACCH frame, however, cannot be appropriately decoded. Thus,
Radio Link Timeout expires, and a call drop occurs. In this way, the TCH call drop rate increases.
AMR introduces parameters such as AFR Radio Link Timeout, AHR Radio Link Timeout, AFR
SACCH Multi-Frames, and AHR SACCH Multi-Frames. You can adjust the values of these parameters
to improve the robustness of the SACCH frame, enhance the network coverage performance of AMR,
and decrease the call drop rate.
Impact on Congestion Rate

AMR increases the system capacity by decreasing the TCH congestion rate. AMR improves the capacity
of the TCHs but not the capacity of the SDCCHs. Thus, AMR cannot decrease the SDCCH congestion
rate.
Impact on Traffic Volume

AMR has a strong anti-interference capability. Users in some weak coverage areas where calls fail to be
made can make calls after AMR is enabled. The possibility of hangup is reduced. Therefore, the traffic
volume is increased.
Impact on Handover
AMR optimizes the speech codec but not the signaling codec. Theoretically therefore, AMR does not
significantly affect handover. AMR can, however, expand the radio coverage of the network; therefore,
users in weak coverage areas can make calls. As a result, the receive quality carried in the
measurement report is poor, and the bad quality handover is triggered. In other words, the number of
bad quality handovers may increase after AMR is enabled.
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4 Engineering Guidelines
4 Engineering Guidelines
AMR FR has a strong anti-interference capability but cannot increase the system capacity. AMR HR can
increase the system capacity but has a poor anti-interference capability compared with AMR FR. To
optimally balance the speech quality and the system capacity, Huawei adopts the channel-quality-based
channel adaptive adjustment algorithm. The algorithm works in accordance with the following strategies:
z
When the system capacity is restricted, an additional half-rate channel can be generated by converting
an AMR FR call with good radio signal quality into an AMR HR call.
When the radio signal of AMR HR calls is of poor quality, the anti-interference capability of channels
can be enhanced by converting AMR HR calls into AMR FR calls.
The application strategies and scenarios of AMR are concluded as follows:

z
When the system capacity is not restricted and the number of MSs supporting AMR reaches a certain
proportion, AMR should be enabled on certain TRXs to improve the speech quality through AMR FR.
When the system capacity is restricted, AMR FR calls should be converted into AMR HR calls on the
premise that the network quality is ensured to increase the system capacity.
The tight frequency reuse pattern can be applied to the network, considering the strong
anti-interference capability of AMR FR.
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5 Parameters
5 Parameters
This chapter describes the parameters related to AMR.
For the meaning of each parameter, see Table 5-1. For the default value, value ranges, and MML
commands of each parameter, see Table 5-2.
Table 5-1 Parameter description (1)
Parameter
Description
Service Type
Service bearer mode of the BTS
AMR Starting Mode[F]
Initial coding mode used for full rate AMR calls. The
four values 0, 1, 2, and 3 of this parameter
respectively represent the lowest, low, high, and
highest coding rates in the ACS.
AMR Starting Mode[H]
Initial coding mode used for half rate AMR calls. The
four values 0, 1, 2, and 3 of this parameter
respectively represent the lowest, low, high, and
highest coding rates in the ACS.
AMR ACS[F]
Active coding set (ACS)[F], indicating a set of full

rate coding rates currently available for calls. The
AMR is a set of multiple speech coding and decoding
rates.
AMR ACS[H]
Active coding set (ACS)[H], indicating a set of half

rate coding rates currently available for calls. The
AMR is a set of multiple speech coding and decoding
rates.
AMR Rate Control Switch
Switch for controlling the AMR rate. Value 0

indicates that C/I is used to control the AMR rate.
Value 1 indicates that BER is used to control the
AMR rate.
AMR UL Coding Rate

adj.th1[F]
Based on the RQI in the call measurement report,

the BTS and MS automatically adjust the current
speech coding rate according to the related
algorithm. The coding rate adjustment threshold is
the threshold of RQI. The RQI indicates the
carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) of the call. If RQI
equals 1, the CIR is 0.5 dB; if RQI equals 2, the CIR
is 1 dB; and so forth. Since there are multiple coding
rates in the ACS, there is an adjustment threshold
and an adjustment hysteresis between the
neighboring coding rates.
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5 Parameters
Parameter
Description
AMR UL Coding Rate

adj.hyst1[F]

AMR UL Coding Rate

adj.th2[F]

AMR UL Coding Rate

adj.hyst2[F]

AMR UL Coding Rate

adj.th3[F]

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5 Parameters
Parameter
Description
AMR UL Coding Rate

adj.hyst3[F]

AMR Uplink Adaptive

Threshold Allowed
Whether to enable the adaptive adjustment function

of AMR uplink threshold. After this function is
enabled, the BTS estimates the long-term voice
quality (indicated by the long-term FER(frame erase
rate)) and compares the estimated result with the
specified target voice quality. If the estimated result
does not conform to the target voice quality, it
indicates that the current AMR handover threshold
may not be the best for the current radio conditions.
In this case, the BSC uses the relevant algorithm to
adjust the adaptive threshold according to the
relation between the estimated voice quality and the
target voice quality.
AMR Downlink Adaptive

Threshold Allowed
Whether to enable the adaptive adjustment function

of AMR downlink threshold. After this function is
enabled, the BTS estimates the long-term voice
quality (indicated by the long-term FER(frame erase
ratio)) and compares the estimated result with the
specified target voice quality. If the estimated result
does not conform to the target voice quality, it
indicates that the current AMR handover threshold
may not be the best for the current radio conditions.
In this case, the BSC6900 adjust threshold
adaptively according to the relation between the
estimated voice quality and the target voice quality.
Uplink Long-term FER

Upper Threshold
Upper voice quality threshold associated with the

automatic adjustment of the AMR handover uplink
threshold.

Lower Threshold
Lower voice quality threshold associated with the

automatic adjustment of the AMR handover uplink
threshold. The value of this parameter must be
smaller than or equal to the value of Uplink
Long-term FER Target.

Target
Target voice quality value associated with the

automatic adjustment of the uplink threshold of AMR
handover
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5 Parameters
Parameter
Description
Downlink Long-term FER

Target
Target value of the voice quality automatically

adjusted through the downlink threshold of AMR
handover
Uplink Threshold Adjust

Factor
Factor of uplink threshold adjustment. It indicates the

linear relation between the threshold adjustment
value and the logarithmic FER.
FR Use Downlink DTX
Whether the downlink discontinuous transmission

(DTX) function is enabled for full rate (FR) calls. This
function is also restricted by the DTX switch in the
MSC. If the MSC allows the downlink DTX for calls
and the value of this parameter(FRDLDTX) is YES,
the downlink DTX is enabled for FR calls of cells.
FR Uplink DTX
Whether the uplink DTX function is enabled for FR

calls. For details, see GSM Rec. 05.08.
HR Use Downlink DTX
Whether the downlink DTX function is enabled for

half rate (HR) calls. This function is also restricted by
the DTX switch in the MSC. If the MSC allows the
downlink DTX for calls and the value of this
parameter(HRDLDTX) is YES, the downlink DTX is
enabled for HR calls of cells.
HR Uplink DTX
Whether the uplink DTX function is enabled for HR

calls. For details, see GSM Rec. 05.08.
TFO Switch
Whether to enable the Tandem Free Operation

(TFO) function on the BTS through a CHANNEL
ACTIVATION or MODE MODIFY message.
Radio Link Timeout
Time for disconnecting a call when the MS fails to

decode the SACCH. Once a dedicated channel is
assigned to the MS, the counter S is enabled and the
initial value is set to this parameter value. Each time
an SACCH message is not decoded, the counter S
decreases by 1. Each time an SACCH message is
correctly decoded, the counter S increases by 2.
When the counter S is equal to 0, the downlink radio
link is considered as failed. Therefore, when the
voice or data quality is degraded to an unacceptable
situation and it cannot be improved through power
control or channel handover, the connection is to be
re-established or released.
AFR Radio Link Timeout
Counter of radio link failures during an AMR full rate

call. See the description of "Radio Link Timeout" in
"SET GCELLCCBASIC".
AHR Radio Link Timeout
Counter of radio link failures during an AMR half rate

call. See the description of "Radio Link Timeout" in
"SET GCELLCCBASIC".
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5 Parameters
Parameter
Description
AFR SACCH Multi-Frames
Number of SACCH multiframes during an AMR full

rate call. See the description of "SACCH
Multi-Frames" in "SET GCELLCCBASIC".
AHR SACCH Multi-Frames
Number of SACCH multiframes during an AMR half

rate call. See the description of "SACCH
Multi-Frames" in "SET GCELLCCBASIC".
Downlink Threshold Adjust

Factor
Factor of downlink threshold adjustment. It indicates

the linear relation between the threshold adjustment
value and the logarithmic FER.

Upper Threshold
Upper voice quality threshold associated with the

automatic adjustment of the AMR handover downlink
threshold.

Lower Threshold
Lower voice quality threshold associated with the

automatic adjustment of the AMR downlink handover
threshold. The value of this parameter must be
smaller than or equal to the value of Downlink
Long-term FER Target.
Table 5-2 Parameter description (2)

Paramet
er
Service
Type
AMR
Starting
Mode[F]
AMR
Starting
Mode[H]
Default
Value
TDM
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Value
Range
Actual
Value
Range
TDM,
HDLC,
HDLC_H
ubBTS,
IP
TDM,
HDLC,
HubBTS,
IP
0~3
0~3
0~3
0~3
Unit
MML
Comman
d
Impact
None
ADD
BTS(Opti
onal)
BTS
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell

5-5
BSS
AMR
5 Parameters
GUI
Value
Range
Actual
Value
Range
AMR
ACS[F]
4_75KBI
T/S-1&5_
15KBIT/S
-0&5_90
KBIT/S-1
&6_70KB
IT/S-0&7
_40KBIT/
S-0&7_9
5KBIT/S1&10_2K
BIT/S-0&
12_2KBI
T/S-1
4_75KBI
T/S~0
5_15KBI
T/S~1
5_90KBI
T/S~2
6_70KBI
T/S~3
7_40KBI
T/S~4
7_95KBI
T/S~5
10_2KBI
T/S~6
12_2KBI
T/S
4_75KBI
T/S,
5_15KBI
T/S,
5_90KBI
T/S,
6_70KBI
T/S,
7_40KBI
T/S,
7_95KBI
T/S,
10_2KBI
T/S,
12_2KBI
T/S
AMR
ACS[H]
4_75KBI
T/S-1&5_
15KBIT/S
-0&5_90
KBIT/S-1
&6_70KB
IT/S-0&7
_40KBIT/
S-1&7_9
5KBIT/S0
4_75KBI
T/S~0
5_15KBI
T/S~1
5_90KBI
T/S~2
6_70KBI
T/S~3
7_40KBI
T/S~4
7_95KBI
T/S
4_75KBI
T/S,
5_15KBI
T/S,
5_90KBI
T/S,
6_70KBI
T/S,
7_40KBI
T/S,
7_95KBI
T/S
ALG1
ALG1(Alg
orithm I),
ALG2(Alg
orithm II),
NONE(N
one)
ALG1,
ALG2,
NONE
Paramet
er
AMR
Rate
Control
Switch
AMR UL
Coding
Rate
adj.th1[F]
AMR UL
Coding
Rate
adj.hyst1[
F]
AMR UL
Coding
Rate
adj.th2[F]
5-6
Default
Value
15
19
0~63
0~15
0~63
0~63
0~15
0~63
Unit
MML
Comman
d
Impact
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
dB
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
dB
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell

Issue 02 (2009-09-30)
BSS
AMR
Paramet
er
AMR UL
Coding
Rate
adj.hyst2[
F]
AMR UL
Coding
Rate
adj.th3[F]
AMR UL
Coding
Rate
adj.hyst3[
F]
AMR
Uplink
Adaptive
Threshol
d Allowed
AMR
Downlink
Adaptive
Threshol
d Allowed
Uplink
Long-ter
m FER
Upper
Threshol
d
Uplink
Long-ter
m FER
Lower
Threshol
d
Uplink
Long-ter
m FER
Target
Downlink
Long-ter
m FER
Target
5 Parameters
Default
Value
28
GUI
Value
Range
Actual
Value
Range
0~15
0~15
0~63
0~63
0~15
0~15
NO
NO(No),
YES(Yes
)
NO
NO(No),
YES(Yes
)
60
Issue 02 (2009-09-30)
2~255
2~255
2~255
2~255
NO, YES
NO, YES
2~255
2~255
2~255
2~255
Unit
MML
Comman
d
Impact
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
dB
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell

5-7
BSS
AMR
5 Parameters
Paramet
er
Uplink
Threshol
d Adjust
Factor
FR Use
Downlink
DTX
FR Uplink
DTX
HR Use
Downlink
DTX
HR
Uplink
DTX
TFO
Switch
5-8
Default
Value
GUI
Value
Range
Actual
Value
Range
2~255
2~255
YES
NO(No),
YES(Yes
)
NO, YES
Shall_Us
e
May_Use
(May
Use),
Shall_Us
e(Shall
Use),
Shall_NO
T_Use(S
hall not
Use)
May_Use
,
Shall_Us
e,
Shall_NO
T_Use
YES
NO(No),
YES(Yes
)
NO, YES
Shall_Us
e
May_Use
(May
Use),
Shall_Us
e(Shall
Use),
Shall_NO
T_Use(S
hall not
Use)
May_Use
,
Shall_Us
e,
Shall_NO
T_Use
DISABLE
DISABLE
(Disable),
ENABLE(
Enable)
DISABLE
,
ENABLE
Unit
MML
Comman
d
Impact
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLB
ASICPA
RA(Optio
nal)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLB
ASICPA
RA(Optio
nal)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLB
ASICPA
RA(Optio
nal)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLB
ASICPA
RA(Optio
nal)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLB
ASICPA
RA(Optio
nal)
Cell

Issue 02 (2009-09-30)
BSS
AMR
Paramet
er
Radio
Link
Timeout
5 Parameters
Default
Value
52_Time
s
Issue 02 (2009-09-30)
GUI
Value
Range
Actual
Value
Range
4_Times,
8_Times,
12_Time
s,
16_Time
s,
20_Time
s,
24_Time
s,
28_Time
s,
32_Time
s,
36_Time
s,
40_Time
s,
44_Time
s,
48_Time
s,
52_Time
s,
56_Time
s,
60_Time
s,
64_Time
s
4_Times,
8_Times,
12_Time
s,
16_Time
s,
20_Time
s,
24_Time
s,
28_Time
s,
32_Time
s,
36_Time
s,
40_Time
s,
44_Time
s,
48_Time
s,
52_Time
s,
56_Time
s,
60_Time
s,
64_Time
s, step:
480 ms
Unit
ms
MML
Comman
d
SET
GCELLC
CBASIC(
Optional)

Impact
Cell
5-9
BSS
AMR
5 Parameters
Paramet
er
AFR
Radio
Link
Timeout
5-10
Default
Value
64_Time
s
GUI
Value
Range
Actual
Value
Range
4_Times,
8_Times,
12_Time
s,
16_Time
s,
20_Time
s,
24_Time
s,
28_Time
s,
32_Time
s,
36_Time
s,
40_Time
s,
44_Time
s,
48_Time
s,
52_Time
s,
56_Time
s,
60_Time
s,
64_Time
s
4_Times,
8_Times,
12_Time
s,
16_Time
s,
20_Time
s,
24_Time
s,
28_Time
s,
32_Time
s,
36_Time
s,
40_Time
s,
44_Time
s,
48_Time
s,
52_Time
s,
56_Time
s,
60_Time
s,
64_Time
s, step:
SACCH
period
Unit
ms
MML
Comman
d
SET
GCELLC
CBASIC(
Optional)

Impact
Cell
Issue 02 (2009-09-30)
BSS
AMR
Paramet
er
AHR
Radio
Link
Timeout
AFR
SACCH
Multi-Fra
mes
AHR
SACCH
Multi-Fra
mes
Downlink
Threshol
d Adjust
Factor
5 Parameters
Default
Value
52_Time
s
48
32
Issue 02 (2009-09-30)
GUI
Value
Range
Actual
Value
Range
4_Times,
8_Times,
12_Time
s,
16_Time
s,
20_Time
s,
24_Time
s,
28_Time
s,
32_Time
s,
36_Time
s,
40_Time
s,
44_Time
s,
48_Time
s,
52_Time
s,
56_Time
s,
60_Time
s,
64_Time
s
4_Times,
8_Times,
12_Time
s,
16_Time
s,
20_Time
s,
24_Time
s,
28_Time
s,
32_Time
s,
36_Time
s,
40_Time
s,
44_Time
s,
48_Time
s,
52_Time
s,
56_Time
s,
60_Time
s,
64_Time
s, step:
SACCH
period
0~63
0~63,
step:
SACCH
period
0~63
0~63,
step:
SACCH
period
2~255
2~255
Unit
MML
Comman
d
Impact
ms
SET
GCELLC
CBASIC(
Optional)
Cell
ms
SET
GCELLC
CBASIC(
Optional)
Cell
ms
SET
GCELLC
CBASIC(
Optional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell

5-11
BSS
AMR
5 Parameters
Paramet
er
Downlink
Long-ter
m FER
Upper
Threshol
d
Downlink
Long-ter
m FER
Lower
Threshol
d
5-12
Default
Value
60
GUI
Value
Range
2~255
2~255
Actual
Value
Range
2~255
2~255
Unit
MML
Comman
d
Impact
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell
None
SET
GCELLC
CAMR(O
ptional)
Cell

Issue 02 (2009-09-30)
BSS
AMR
6 Counters
6 Counters
For the counters, see the BSC6900 GSM Performance Counter Reference.
Issue 02 (2009-09-30)

6-1
BSS
AMR
7 Glossary
7 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see the Glossary.
Issue 02 (2009-09-30)

7-1
BSS
AMR
8 Reference Documents
8 Reference Documents
z
GSM 05.03: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Channel coding"
GSM 05.09: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Link Adaptation"
GSM 04.08: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Mobile radio interface layer 3
specification"
GSM 06.90: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)
speech transcoding "
GSM 06.91: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Substitution and muting of lost
frames for Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) speech traffic channels "
GSM 06.92: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Comfort noise aspects for
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech traffic channels "
GSM 06.93: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Discontinuous transmission
(DTX) for Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) speech traffic channels "
GSM 06.94: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Voice Activity Detection (VAD) for
Adaptive Multi-Rate speech traffic channels "
GSM 08.08: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Mobile-services Switching
Centre - Base Station System (MSC - BSS) interface; Layer 3 specification "
GSM 08.58: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Base Station Controller - Base
Transceiver Station (BSC - BTS) interface; Layer 3 specification "
GSM 08.60: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); In-band control of remote
transcoders and rate adaptors for full rate traffic channels "
GSM 08.61: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); In band control of remote
transcoders and rate adaptors for half rate traffic channels "
BSC6900 Feature List
BSC6900 Optional Feature Description
GBSS Reconfiguration Guide
BSC6900 GSM Parameter Reference
BSC6900 GSM MML Command Reference
BSC6900 GSM Performance Counter Reference
Issue 02 (2009-09-30)

8-1

Amr

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AMR Feature Parameter Description

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

1.2 Intended Audience

Personnel who need to understand AMR

Personnel who work with Huawei products

1.3 Change History

The structure of the document

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3.3 Rate Adjustment

The added parameters are listed

Different power control

The structure of the document

AMR Downlink Adaptive

Allow III Power Control For

Allow III Power Control For AMR

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3.2 Speech Rate Adjustment

THR_N: AMR Coding Rate adj.thN

HYST_N: AMR Coding Rate adj.hystN

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

CODEC_MODE_1: indicates the

CODEC_MODE_2: indicates the codec

CODEC_MODE_3: indicates the codec

CODEC_MODE_4: indicates the codec

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

THR_N: AMR UL Coding Rate adj.thN

HYST_N: AMR UL Coding Rate adj.hystN

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

The currently used codec mode is CODEC_MODE_1.

In other cases, the codec mode remains unchanged.

The currently used codec mode is CODEC_MODE_2.

In other cases, the codec mode remains unchanged.

The currently used codec mode is CODEC_MODE_3.

In other cases, the codec mode remains unchanged.

The currently used codec mode is CODEC_MODE_4.

In other cases, the codec mode remains unchanged.

3.3 Rate Adjustment Threshold Adaptation

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3.4 AMR Power Control

3.8 Impact on KPI

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Impact on Call Drop Rate

Impact on Congestion Rate

Impact on Traffic Volume

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

The application strategies and scenarios of AMR are concluded as follows:

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Service bearer mode of the BTS

AMR Starting Mode[F]

AMR Starting Mode[H]

Active coding set (ACS)[F], indicating a set of full

Active coding set (ACS)[H], indicating a set of half

AMR Rate Control Switch

Switch for controlling the AMR rate. Value 0

AMR UL Coding Rate

Based on the RQI in the call measurement report,

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

AMR UL Coding Rate