UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

COMMUNITY COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE & SUSTAINABILITY
ENSC105C-0 Personal and Community Health
Exam 4
Conventional & Complementary Medicine and Environmental Health
Identify the letter/number of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question. Unless stated otherwise, there is one answer to each question. Your answers must
be written on your answer sheet only. Remember, your first inclination is usually correct.
Questions are worth 2 points. Please only upload the answer sheet, NOT THE TEST.
Multiple Choice
1.

Which of the following led to the creation of the field of environmental health?
A.
an increase in natural disasters
B.
the spread of communicable diseases
C.
a decline in natural resources
D.
the rise of green initiatives

2.

Which
years?
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

of the following describes how the field of environmental health has changed in the last 30
It has become highly focused on a few key areas of concern.
New environmental pollutants have increased its scope.
It now deals with causes of acute, rather than chronic, diseases.
Technological advances have decreased the amount of concerns to address.

Which of the following choices has the greatest effect on environmental health?
A.
your occupation
B.
how much sleep you get each night
C.
how you get to work
D.
the kind of people you associate with

4.

By 2050, the world population will reach about ______ billion people.
A.
2
B.
5
C.
9
D.
12

5.

Virtually all of the increase in world population over the next 100 years will take place in
A.
industrialized nations.
B.
less-developed regions.
C.
China.
D.
India.
Answer:B

6.

What is the core reason for many of todays environmental problems?

A.
air pollution
B.
water pollution
C.
dependence on nuclear power
D.
rapid population growth

7.

Which of the following is a primary factor limiting human population growth?

A.
energy
B.
clothing
C.
transportation
D.
housing

8.

Which of the following is a way to control population growth?

A.
reduce poverty
B.
raise taxes
C.
discourage family planning
D.
allow nature to take its course

9.

Which of the following contributes to air pollution?

A.
PCBs
B.
noise
C.
radiation
D.
dust storms

10.

The Air Quality Index measures the

A.
level of sun reradiation.
B.
amount of fossil fuels that have been burned.
C.
concentration of air pollutants of concern to health.
D.
amount that visibility is diminished by smog.

11.

12.

Which of the following does the Air Quality Index measure?

A.
carbon dioxide
B.
natural gas
C.
radiation
D.
nitrogen dioxide
Which of the following poses the greatest threat to air quality?
A.
fossil fuels
B.
nuclear power
C.
wind harvesting
D.
climate change

13.

The key component of smog is

A.
sulfur dioxide.
B.
particulate matter.
C.
carbon monoxide.
D.
ground-level ozone.

14.

Which of the following contributes to smog?

A.
high temperatures
B.
windy conditions
C.
cloudy days
D.
a flat landscape

15.

Which of the following traps infrared radiation inside the atmosphere?

A.
air stagnator
B.
temperature inversion column
C.
greenhouse gas
D.
global warming ozone

16.

The greenhouse effect contributes to

A.
acid rain.
B.
global warming.
C.
ecological homeostasis.
D.
smog.

17.

Levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases are rising because of

A.
combustion of fossil fuels.
B.
water pollution.
C.
acid rain.
D.
destruction of the ozone layer.

18.

Which of the following best describes a consequence of global warming?

A.
decreases in precipitation worldwide
B.
increases in mortality from cold stress
C.
increases in extreme weather events
D.
distortion of the earths orbital path

19.

The ozone layer

A.
protects the earth from ultraviolet radiation.
B.
facilitates temperature inversions.
C.
maintains the pH of rain.
D.
is a key component of smog.

20.

The most obvious depletion of the ozone layer has occurred over
A.
Antarctica.
B.
the United States.
C.
the Equator.
D.
Africa.

21.

Release of ______ into the atmosphere is the primary cause of the depletion of the ozone layer.
A.
CFCs
B.
fluorine
C.
PCBs
D.
ethanol

22.

The disease that is most likely to increase in incidence because of the thinning of the ozone layer is
A.
lung cancer.
B.
lymphoma.
C.
skin cancer.
D.
leukemia.

23.

What country leads the world in energy consumption?

A.
China
B.
Russia
C.
United States
D.
India

24.

About what percentage of energy used in the United States comes from fossil fuels?
A.
23 percent
B.
43 percent
C.
63 percent
D.
83 percent

25.

For every gallon of gas burned, about ______ pounds of carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere.
A.
5
B.
10
C.
15
D.
20

26.

Which of the following is true of CAM therapies?

A.
Their popularity in the United States has waned due to ineffectiveness.
B.
More than a third of Americans have tried one at some point in their lives.
C.
They have been shunned by U.S. universities and medical centers.
D.
They have been extensively researched but the results are inconclusive.

27.

Spinal manipulative therapy can be particularly helpful in addressing which of the following?
A.
heart disease
B.
obesity
C.
chronic headaches
D.
bone fracture

28.

Which of the following describes data based on evidence gathered by the senses and via
systematic observations?
A.
empirical
B.
rational
C.
testable
D.
rigorouslyevaluated

29.

Which of the following best describes explanations based on the scientific method?
A.
absolute
B.
highly specific
C.
liberal
D.
tentative

30.

In Western medicine, the scientific method is applied by using

A.
research.
B.
pharmaceuticals.
C.
alternatives.
D.
trialanderror.

31.

Which of the following describes the process of drug development?

A.
It begins with clinical trials.
B.
It ends with FDA approval.
C.
Itmaytake12yearsormore.
D.
Itendsinapprovalformostdrugs.

32.

Which of the following describes a health care professional who receives medical education
similar to that of a medical doctor but whose training emphasizes musculoskeletal problems and
manipulative therapy?
A.
doctor of podiatric medicine
B.
doctor of osteopathic medicine
C.
doctorofchiropractic
D.
physicaltherapist

33.

Sean is a basketball player who has bunions. He should he make an appointment to see a(n)
A.
chiropractor.
B.
podiatrist.
C.
physical therapist.

D.

osteopath.

34.

Which of the following questions should you ask when evaluating the accuracy of media reports
about a new health study?
A.
What kind of study was it and who conducted it?
B.
Is the result relevant to me and my health situation?
C.
TowhatextentdoIwishthefindingsweretrue?
D.
Dothefindingsconflictwithwhatthemedicalcommunityknowstobefact?

35.

Which of the following best describes a study in which researchers and participants are unaware
of who is receiving a treatment?
A.
controlled
B.
randomized
C.
doubleblind
D.
multicenter

36.

Which of the following sources of health information is probably most reliable?

A.
findings presented at medical meetings
B.
commercially funded research
C.
thescienceandtechnologysectionofthenewspaper
D.
governmentagencypublications

37.

Which of the following health care professionals is NOT an allied health care provider?
A.
psychotherapists
B.
registered nurses
C.
physicaltherapists
D.
registereddietitians

38.

Whichofthefollowingisagoodwaytochooseaprimarycarephysician?
A.
Ask for recommendations from family, friends, or coworkers.
B.
Once you become sick, look for one who treats the illness you are experiencing.
C.
Search on your insurance providers website for the closest hospital to your home.
D.
Find a physician who can give you an appointment within two weeks.

39.

Which of the following describes how the doctorpatient relationship is changing?

A.
The doctor is more active and the patient is more passive.
B.
The patient acts more like a consultant and the doctor is less active.
C.
The patient is more active and the doctor acts more like a consultant.
D.
The doctor acts more like a consultant and the patient is more passive.

40.

Which of the following is a strategy for good communication with your physician?
A.
making mental note of questions you want answered
B.
bringing in a list of the medications youre taking
C.
saving major concerns for the doctor to bring up
D.
not dwelling on aspects of treatment you dont understand

41.

The first step in the diagnostic process is

A.
a physical exam.
B.
taking medical tests.
C.
a medical history.

D.

a second opinion.

42.

Which of the following statements best describes the physical exam?

A.
It is the first step in the diagnostic process.
B.
It must contain a comprehensive review of vital signs in order to be accurate.
C.
It does not involve risks to the patient.
D.
It may include biopsies or X rays.

43.

Which of the following is most likely to cause an adverse drug event?

A.
illegal street drug overdose
B.
off-label drug use
C.
medication administered before endoscopy
D.
conflict with herbal supplements

44.

Prescription drug errors are especially prevalent among

A.
children.
B.
young adults.
C.
older adults.
D.
infants.

45.

Which of the following is a sign that an online pharmacy may not be safe to purchase medication
from?
A.
It requires a physical exam for many of the drugs it sells.
B.
It is certified by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy.
C.
It requires a prescription for all drugs, regardless of their classification.
D.
It sells medications that have not been approved by the FDA.

46.

It is estimated that ______ percent of prescriptions dispensed each year in the United States do
not work properly because they are not taken as directed.
A.
less than 10
B.
1030
C.
3050
D.
over 50

47.

Which of the following is a good question to ask when considering taking a new medication?
A.
Are there nondrug alternatives or generic equivalents?
B.
Do I know anyone who is taking the drug?
C.
Will it eliminate the need to make doctor-recommended lifestyle changes?
D.
Do I believe the advertisements that promote the drug?

48.

Why should consumers exercise caution when choosing a CAM therapy?

A.
It may reveal aspects of their being that they are not ready to confront.
B.
There is no national organization to oversee CAM therapy standards.
C.
Most alternative treatments dont work and actually make conditions worse.
D.
Not all CAM practices have been scientifically evaluated for safety.

49.

Which of the following is a way to avoid health fraud when considering an alternative therapy?
A.
Search Internet message boards for evidence that the treatment worked for at least some people.
B.
Inquire with the attorney general or a health professional group about the therapy.
C.
Buy therapeutic products online; they often work better than the ones sold in stores.
D.
Remain skeptical of your physicians advice; doctors are biased against alternative medicine.

50.

In traditional Chinese medicine, the life force contained in all living things is called
A.
prana.
B.
vis vitalis.
C.
yang.
D.
qi.