Jotun A and Balder Production Ships

Green Water Review

May 2000

Green Water on Balder FPU and Jotun A - Overview

Prediction of Green Water Impacting on Vessel Decks is Complex, Involving

Three Elements:
1 Prediction of Wave Elevation Above Deck
2 Boarding Mechanisms Transferring Wave Elevation into Water On Deck
3 Load Estimation and Associated Structural Capacity Criteria

Prediction & Design for Green Water - Overview

Both BALDER FPU and JOTUN A Used Current Industry Technology In All
Three Elements:
1 Wave Elevation:

Model Tests and Hydrodynamic Computer

Modeling

2 Boarding Mechanisms: Research Results, Primarily from Marin JIP On

FPSO Green Water
3 Load/Capacity Criteria:
Panel Structures: DnV Rules for FPSOs (Experienced Based
Load/Capacity Criteria)

Helideck Support: DnV Rules for FPSOs (JOTUN A)

Dynamic Analysis (BALDER FPU & JOTUN A)

Some Mitigations Installed on Balder FPU and Jotun A Prior to Installation

No Significant Events During First Winters Operation
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BALDER FPU & JOTUN A

BALDER FPU

DIMENSIONS
LENGTH (LPP)
BREADTH
DEPTH (SIDE)
DISPLACEMENT (T)

JOTUN
216.1
41.5
23.8
125,000

BALDER
200.6
36.0
20.8
86,965

FREEBOARDS
MAIN DECK
PROCESS DECK
HGT TO BOW
DRAFT
4

JOTUN
7.8
11.7
15.2
16.0

BALDER
6.8
10.0
14.5
14.0

Prediction of Wave Elevation

Sig Wave Height (m)

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Max Response

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Prediction Methods

100-Yr Storm
10-Yr Storm

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1-Yr Storm

Model Tests at Marin

Jotun Tests

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Balder Tests 70m

Balder tests 250

Linear-Diffraction Theory Analyses

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5
10

12

14

16

18

Results

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Wave Elevation Above Bow

Peak Period (s)

+Occurs With Concurrent Steep Waves

+Not Dependent on Heading
+Varies During Loading Cycle

Balder & Jotun Environmental Contours

Motion

BALDER FPU

JOTUN A

Heave

10 sec

10 sec

Pitch

8 sec

9 sec

Roll

18 sec

17 Sec

Wave Elevation Along Side

+Dependent on Heading
+Varies Along Length

Natural Period of Motion

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Green Water Boarding & Loading - BALDER FPU

For Wave Elevations Above Bow
Green Water Exposure Zone Based on Boarding Estimates from Model Test Observations
Green Water Predicted to Impact Equipment & Structure On Forecastle Deck
Living Quarters Front Bulkhead
+Designer Estimated Green Water Loads from In-House Model Tests
+Confirmed By Comparison With NORSOK Pressure Calculations
+Static Capacity Checks, by DnV Rules for FPSOs
Helideck Support Columns
+Dynamic Load and FEM Analysis
+Develop Load Distribution from Wedge Moving Horizontally Past Column

Wave Elevations Above Tank Deck

Simplified Exposure Zone Selected for
Screening Assessment
Refinements To Zone Not Pursued Based on
Wall Mitigation Philosophy
Load & Capacity Design Based on DnV Rules
6

4m

Process Deck

Tank Deck
6m

Green Water Boarding & Loading - JOTUN A

Wave Elevations Above Bow
Green Water Exposure Zone Based on Boarding
Elevations in Marin JIP
100 yr Storm

Green Water Predicted to Impact Equipment &

Structure On Forecastle & Raised Forecastle Deck
Front Facing Bulkheads
+ Static Capacity Checks, by DnV Rules for FPSOs
Helideck Support Columns
+ Static Capacity Checks, by DnV Rules for FPSOs
+ Dynamic Load and FEM Analysis

Raised Forecastle

10 yr Storm
Bulwark void

Forecastle

Still Water Draft

Wave Elevations Above Tank Deck

Green Water Exposure Zone Based on Boarding
Elevations from Dam Breaking Model
Support Panels Break Flow Onto Deck

100 yr elev
10 yr elev

Green Water Predicted to Impact Limited

Equipment & Structure On Tank Deck
Static Capacity Checks, by DnV Rules for FPSOs
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Jotun A Green Water Modifications

Cable tray barriers on

bulkhead in front of
poop deck

Port upper deck

cable tray barriers
Emergency generator building
structural barrier

Upper deck fire deluge

skid structural barriers
(port and starboard)

Upper Deck Fire Deluge Skid Greenwater Structural Barrier

Outboard looking

Deluge Skid
(shown wrap protected)

Greenwater structural barrier

added in front of every exposed
deluge skid on upper deck

Inboard looking

Emergency Generator Building Structural Barrier

Greenwater structural barrier in front

of emergency generator building on
starboard side of vessel adjacent to LQ.
(shown under construction on right)

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Port Upper Deck Cable Tray Structural Support & Barriers

Cable tray frame

extensively strengthened
for greenwater loading

Structural barriers
added top and bottom
protects cables
Cable tray reinforced
support to deck columns

Outboard looking

Inboard looking
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Cable Tray Protection (Aft)

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Balder FPU Green Water Modifications

Greenwater protection walls

added on starboard and port
edges at main deck

Braces added to
helideck columns on
forecastle deck

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Helideck Column Mitigation

Added cross-ties at 2.5m and

5.5m above deck level.

Added support pipes from

the lower cross tie and down
to the deck.

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BALDER - Assessment of Deck Facilities and Mitigation Options

Greenwater impacts on main deck facilities was expected frequently

Two mitigation options were considered:

Component option
Wall option

Wall option selected based on the following:

forecast slightly lower production cost
less risk of delay to the construction schedule
enhanced level of protection

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BALDER - Green Protection Wall

4.25m high
Stainless steel panels supported by a structural steel frame
The bottom 700mm is a continuous fixed louver free-ing port
Total wall weight is approximately 200 t
Emergency egress openings
Ventilation panels
Explosion analysis predicts no failure of safety critical components due
to installation of the walls

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Starboard Greenwater Protection Wall

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Port Greenwater Protection Wall

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Aft view of Free-ing Ports and Ventilation Panel

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Inside view of Free-ing Ports and Ventilation Panel

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Experience from First Year in Operation

Jotun A
No greenwater events.
Some sea spray over the bow but far from being of such an
extent that it could be damaging to structures or equipment.
Balder
No greenwater events.
Minor structural damage caused by white water:
Helideck escape ladder
Piping insulation on main deck
White water on main deck would probably have come as
green water had it not been for the protection walls.

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Occurrences of Severe White Water on Balder

December 25, 1999

White water through free-ing ports in
green water wall on main deck
Significant wave height 6m
Max Cargo Draft
Minor damage to 2-3m of pipe
insulation on the main deck

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Occurrences of Severe White Water on Balder (Cont...)

January 29, 2000

White water on forecastle deck
White water through free-ing ports in
green water wall on main deck.
Significant wave height 11m
Draught 11m (Ballast)
Damage to helideck escape ladder and
bent windshield wiper on control room
window

Escape ladder grating

Light fixture

Minor damage to 2-3m of pipe

insulation on the main deck.

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On-Going & Future Plans

Following Start-Up of Both FPSOs, Study Initiated Investigating Marin JIP

Load Application
JOTUN A Used as Case Study, To Utilize Quantitative Model Test Data
Phase I: Load Determination from JIP Data
+ Correlation of Input Parameters With Jotun Specifics
+ Establish Pressure Distribution Vertically & Laterally
+ Select Statistical Significance Within Data Scatter
+ Assume Applicable Area Application of Load
+ Assume Time Duration of Load

Phase II: Structural Capacity Checks

+ Step 1: DnV Rules for Bow Flare Slamming of Ships
+ Step 2: FEM Static/Dynamic Analysis

Jotun Case Study Nearly Complete (II Qtr 00)

Future Activity Decisions Follow Case Study Learnings & Assessment

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