CONTENT

Sr. No.Topic Page No.

Introduction

01

Components of a cooling tower

02

Frame and casing

02

Fill

02

Cold-water basin

03

Drift eliminators

04

Air inlet

04

Louver

04

Nozzles

05

Fans

05

Tower materials

07

Frame and casing

07

Fill

08

Nozzles

08

Fans

08

Classification of cooling tower

09

The psychrometrics of evaporation

16

Cooling Tower Fundamentals

18

Heat Transfer

18

Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT)

18

Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT)

18

Relative Humidity (RH)

18

Cooling Tower Performance

19

Range

19

Approach

19

Cooling tower effectiveness

19

Cooling capacity

19

Evaporation loss

19

Cycles of concentration (C.O.C)

20

Blow down loss

20

Liquid/Gas (L/G)

20

Technical specification

21

Data from psychometric chart and steam table

22

10

Design calculation
Cooling tower approach (CTA)

22

Cooling tower range (CTR)

22

Heat loss by water (HL)

22

Volume of air required (V)

23

Heat gain by air (HG)

23

Mass of air required (Ma)

23

The quantity of make-up water (Mmak)

23

Velocity of water inside the water pipe (Vw)

23

Length of water pipe required (L)

24

Number of turns required (N)

11

22

24

Cooling tower characteristic

24

Efficiency of cooling tower()

26

Effectiveness of cooling tower()

26

Different types of losses

26

12

Tower Characteristics

13

Generalized Equation for Cooling Tower Supply

29

14

Air Side Pressure Drop

30

15

Option checklist

31

16

Reference

32

LIST OF FIGURES

28

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Figure

Page No.

cooling tower system

01
Splash type fill: wood splash bars
02
Splash type fill: plastic splash bars
03
Film type fill
03
Cold water Basin
04
Drift eliminators
04
Air inlet louvers
05
Nozzles
05
Cut-view of fan
06
Cutview of parts of cooling tower
06
Casing
07
Spray Nozzles
08
Fan
08
Classification of Cooling tower
09
Atmospheric spray tower
10
(a) Cross flow and (b) counter flow natural draft cooling
tower
11
Forced draft, counter flow, blower fan tower
12
Induced draft, crossflow, propeller fan tower
12
Types of Draft type cooling Tower
13
Multi-cell, field-erected, cross flow cooling tower with
enclosed stairway andExtended fan deck to enclose piping
and hot water basins
14
Round Mechanical Draft (RMD), crossflow cooling tower 14
Octagonal Mechanical Draft, counterflow cooling tower15
Multi-cell factory-assembled tower
15
Mechanically aspirated psychrometer
16

LIST OF GRPHS
Sr No
25

Graph

Page No.

Psychrometric chart with air-water temperature pursuit curve

superimposed

17

26

Range and Approach

19

27

Temperature Enthalpy Diagram of Air Water System

27

28

Charts for Merkel Number

29

29

pressure drop across drift eliminator

30

30

pressure drop across inlet louvers

30