"The Golden Chain of Homer," a book written about 1730 and highly esteemed by

several generations of alchemists, called the active energy "Celestial Niter" and the
passive energy "Celestial Salt." We call these "The Volatile" and "The Fixed." These two
modes of the One express an inherent polarity as well.
The Four Elements
The energy of Life (Niter) operates through the Elements of Fire and Air. Both are active
in nature but Fire is the more active of the two. These are the volatile energies. The
energy of Matter (Salt) operates through the Elements of Water and Earth. These are the
fixed energiesWater being the more active of the two.
These "Elements" have nothing to do with the material bodies of the same name. They
are in fact, energetic states, each with their own unique characteristics. As early as 500
B.C.E., the ancients called these The Four Elements and recognized them as the essential
qualities by which Nature operates and is formed. The Element of Fire relates to the
qualities of radiance, expansion, warmth, and lightanciently known as the hot and dry
properties. On the psychological level, fire relates to the Superconscious Mind.
The Element of Air is penetrating, diffuse, moveablethe wet and hot properties.
Psychologically, air represents the Selfconscious Mind. The Element of Water relates to
coolness, contraction, mutability or changethe properties of wet and cold. Water is the
perfect representative of the Subconscious Mind. The Element of Earth relates to the
qualities of stability, rest, inertia, strength, and soliditythe dry and cold properties. In
the human economy, this is the physical body.
Modern science agrees that there are Four Fundamental Forces governing the activity of
everything in our universe and though they call them "Strong Nuclear Force, Weak
Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force and Gravitational Force," they are related to the
ancient Elemental qualities of Fire, Water, Air and Earth respectively.
These elemental qualities and their mixtures form the vehicles through which the
alchemical "Three Essentials" operate. They are the clothing which we interpret as our
physical reality.
The Three Essentials
The Three Essentials are the alchemical principles of Sulfur, Mercury, and Salt. Again
these terms are not the common materials we associate with these words, such as table
salt or the mercury in your thermometer. They describe subtle philosophical principles
active in Nature.
Alchemical Salt, or the Body of a thing, provides the matrix wherein the Sulfur and
Mercury can act. It is a passive medium, the Virgin Earth, subject to the fixed energies of
Water and Earth. The Salt is influenced by psychic and instinctual forces of the
subconscious as well as the conditions affecting the various states of matter.
The Alchemical Sulfur, or Soul of a thing, conducts the volatile principles of Fire and Air

expressing consciousness, intellect, and the "True Will" or personal fire. Alchemical
Mercury, or the Spirit of a thing, is the vital force or life force, and predominates in the
elements of Air and Water, reflecting intellectual, instinctual and psychic energies. It
forms the link or bridge, between the higher forces of Sulfur and the lower body of
matter, the Salt. In mythology, Mercury is the messenger between the world of the Gods
and the world of mortalsthe physical world.
The energies of Celestial Niter are often equated with the force of Kundalini, or spiritual
forces of Indian philosophy. In alchemy, this is referred to as the Secret Fire in Man. The
energies of Celestial Salt are equated with the force of Prana, or Vital Energy carried by
the air we breathe. Prana is said to maintain physical life and existence. It acts at the
instinctual and unconscious levels as well as being influenced by cosmic cycles and other
natural phenomena.
The function of the Kundalini/Niter is to increase in humanity its sense of True Self and
True Will by opening us to wider vistas of awareness. At the lowest level of functioning,
this is the self-centered ego; at its highest, we become aware of our Divine nature.
The effects of awakening this Secret Fire within constitute a true initiation into nature's
mysteries with attendant changes in our perception of how Nature operates. This is a
direct experience of liberating interior knowledge. The physical body is also changed and
improved in functioning, constituting a genuine rebirth on spiritual and physical levels.
The alchemical process seeks to fan this fire..."carefully, with great judgment and skill."
In laboratory alchemy, the Three Essentials of Body, Soul, and Spirit are most important
because they provide us a means of manipulating the elements. Many alchemists indicate
that the Primal Elements are too subtle even for the most skilled artist and that only
Nature can work at that level. The Three Essentials are the fruit of the Elements, which
Man can manipulate even at the physical level.
As the Polish alchemist Michael Sendivogius wrote in his New Chemical Light about
1600:
The three principles of things are produced out of the four elements in the following
manner: Nature, whose power is in her obedience to the Will of God, ordained from the
very beginning, that the four elements should incessantly act on one another, so, in
obedience to her behest, the fire began to act on air, and produced Sulfur; air acted on
water and produced Mercury; water, by its action on earth, produced Salt.
Earth alone, having nothing to act upon, did not produce anything, but became the nurse,
or womb, of these three principles.
In summary then: The Salt represents the Body, or vehicle, which allows expression of
the other two essentials. It is a principle of fixity, consolidation, and focusThe Material
Basis, or matrix. The Sulfur, represents the Soul, the Consciousness. It is a fiery principle,
brightness. The Spiritualized Male aspect of the One. Kundalini. The character of a thing.

The True Colors. The Intelligence. The Divine Spark.

The Mercury, represents the Spiritthe Vital Life Force, the Animating Spirit, Chi,
Prana. It is a Subtle, spiritualized Feminine aspect of the One. Pure Energy. It bridges the
Air and Water Elements, the Spiritual World and the Material World, the Volatile and the
Fixed.
It is the Sulfur (the Consciousness) which directs the Life Force through the body.
Directing more of the Life Force through more refined bodies or vehicles is the course of
Nature and Evolution. Alchemical work strives to create and fortify an incorruptible
spiritual body of which the physical body is a reflection.
The Three Kingdoms Vegetable, Animal, Mineral
To the alchemist, everything is alive and consists of a Body, Soul and Spirit or Salt,
Sulfur and Mercury. This is true in the Vegetable Kingdom, the Animal Kingdom and the
Mineral Kingdom. That the plant world and the animal world are filled with living beings
is obvious to all.
The mineral world is generally looked upon as nonliving because we only understand
carbon based life, but to the alchemist the mineral world is also teaming with life and
consciousness just as much as the other two kingdoms. The processes of alchemy reach
into each of the three kingdoms in order to bring its subjects to a higher degree of
perfection.
In alchemy, all things are evolving but considered to be exposed to a wave of energies
becoming involved in matter as well, and thus subject to hindrances and impurities from
matter not ready or mature enough to evolve beyond a certain level (corruptible matter).
As a result the energies of life are weakened and the energies of matter predominate when
it is the energies of life which should predominate.
Celestial Fire
As the Celestial Fire begins to coagulate or condense, it forms "an invisible most subtle
humidity" as the Element Air. This process of inspissation or thickening continues and the
Air condenses into the Water Element, then Water condenses into the Earth Element. The
Fire trapped within (the Central Fire) now reflects and drives this process in reverse. The
Earth volatilizes and becomes a thickened Water. The Water volatilizes and becomes
vaporous, and the Air becomes rarified into the Fire Element where it is regenerated by
the Celestial Fire and the cycle begins anew.
We are talking about occult elements here; not the air we breathe or water we drink. This
perpetual circulation of Fire is often called the Fountain of Nature. This ascension and
descension God has implanted into the Universal Fire as the great and only Agent of
Nature.
The Earth itself is a condensed or fixed Celestial Fire and this Fire is a volatilized Earth.
The Golden Chain of Homer

The Zodiac and Alchemical Operations

The various stages our matter must pass through on its way to becoming perfected by Art
will be dependent on the particular subject of the work. Alchemy recognizes twelve of the
most common chemical operations, one for each sign of the Zodiac. When the Moon is in
a particular constellation a corresponding chemical operation is performed. In other
words, the subtle energies governing the operation or state of the matter to be operated on
are considered to be optimal or at least active.
The Operations and the Zodiac Signs are classically listed as follows:
Herbs And Planets
This table is just a short selection of common herbs and their planetary rulers. Most of
these associations are taken from the 16th century herbalist Nicholas Culpepper's,
"Compleat Herbal," held in esteem by a number of alchemists old and modern.
Sun: angelica, bay, chamomile, celandine, eyebright, juniper, marigold, rosemary, rue,
saffron, St. John's wort, sundew, walnut.
Moon: chickweed, cleavers, watercress, cucumber, lettuce, water-lily, moonwort,
wallflower, willow.
Mercury: wild carrot, caraway, dill, hazelnut, horehound, lavender, lily, liquorice,
marjoram, oats, parsley, parsnip, savory, honeysuckle, valerian.
Venus: burdock, columbine, coltsfoot, daisy, eringo, featherfew, figwort, goldenrod,
marshmallow, mint, mother-wort, mugwort, catnip, pennyroyal, plantain, periwinkle,
poppy, purslane, primrose, strawberry, yarrow.
Mars: all-heal, barberry, basil, garlic, gentian, hawthorn, hops, nettle, onion, radish,
rhubarb, tobacco, wormwood.
Jupiter: Melissa, bilberry, borage, chervil, cinquefoil, dandelion, dock, endive, hyssop,
house-leek, melilot, oak, roses.
Saturn: amaranthus, barley, corn, beet, comfrey, dodder, elm, fumitory, horsetail, holly,
ivy, mullein, nightshade, shepherd's-purse, blackthorn, woad, wintergreen, yew.