Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Shivaji
University, Kolhapur
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3) To study the sugar recovery and sugar production from last six year.
4)
2) Conceptual scope :
The conceptual scope related to concept of production process of sugar industries.
This will help to understand the production process of organization.
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3)
Data Collection
1)
Primary Data:The primary data was obtained from the concerned department staff &
Theoretical Background
2.1Concept of Production Management
Products are the goods and services produced and processes are the facilities
skills technologies used to produce them. Production processes are essential to
produce product and available processes limit what products can be produced.
Production function or operation function is the primary function of an industrial
enterprise it is known as conversion process or transformation process which
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transforms some of the inputs (raw materials and components) into outputs which are
useful for consumer.
A process is sequence of activities that is intended to achieve some result
typically to create added value for the customers. A process converts inputs into
output in a production system. It involves the use of organizations resources to
provide something of value. No product can be provided without a process and or no
process can exist without a product or services.
Processes underlie all work activities and are found in all organizations and in
all functions of an organization. Deciding what processes to use is an essential issue in
the design of a production system. A process decision involves many different choices
in selecting human resources, equipment and machinery, and materials. Process
decisions are strategic and can affect an organizations ability to complete in the long
run.
Definition:
1.
the consumer
2. A process is a sequence of activities that is intended to achieve some result,
typically to create or added value for the customers.
MBA II
2. Manufacturing Process :
Manufacturing process converts inputs like materials labour and capital in some
tangible outputs. Manufacturing processes are the primary processes and can be
grouped under three basic categories namely forming, machining and assembly. The
main objective of each process is to change the shape or physical characteristics of the
raw materials. Lets us discuss in detail each of them:
i.
Forming Processes :
These processes change the shape of the raw material in to the shape of the
work piece without removing or adding material. These includes casting, forging,
stamping, embossing, spinning
ii.
Machining Process :
Machining processes involve basically metal removal, by turning, drilling,
grinding, shaping, boring, etc it also includes chip less machining processes such as
electro discharge machining (EDM) electrochemical machining (ECM) chemical
milling, laser drilling etc,
iii.
Assembly Process :
Assembly process involves joining of parts or components to produce
1. Right quality :
The quality of the product is established based upon the customers needs are
translated into product specification by the design or engineering department. The
manufacturing department then translates this specification into measurable
objectives.
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2. Right quantity :
The manufacturing organization should produce the product at the right number.
If the products are produced excess of demand the capital will be blocked up in the
form of inventory and if it is produced in quantity short of demand, these will be
shortages products. Thus the decision is to be taken regarding how much to produce.
3. Manufacturing cost :
Manufacturing costs are established before the product is actually
manufactured. The manufacturing department has to manufacture the products at the
pre-established cost in any case: any variation between the actual cost and the
standard should be kept at minimum.
4. Manufacturing schedule :
Timeliness of delivery is one of the important parameter to judge the
effectiveness of production department; there are many reasons like non-availability
of materials at right time, absenteeism, machine break down etc. Which affect the
timely completion of the products? So the manufacturing department should organize
its activities in such a way that the products will be manufactured.
To achieve the above objectives, the manufacturing production department has
to make the optimum utilization of various inputs like men, material, machinery. So to
have as better utilization of resources, the production department has to achieve the
other objective, which is lower in the hierarchy. These objectives are called
intermediate objectives.
Materials :
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The material should be made available when required as per the specification
(shape, size, quality, etc) and at the most economical price. The production
department should aim at maximum utilization of the material with minimum wastage
and scrap.
Manpower :
Manpower is an important resources or input to production and the success of
production depends to a greater degree upon the type of manpower and organizations
have. Thus there should be a perfect matching between the workers and jobs and the
manufacturing department climate should be channelized into constructive outputs.
Supporting services :
This helps indirectly to achieve the other objectives and adequate provision of
the services helps to utilize other inputs effectively. The objectives should be set for
each of the services like water steam power, material handling etc.
easy supply. This system insures immediate delivery of quality goods at reasonable
price.
Example:
Automobile, bearing, ready to wear garments nuts and bolts, television etc.
Normally customers do not like delay delivery so management has to maintain in
stocks. Management must have good knowledge or information regarding the demand
of product. Make to stock items are generally mass consume and passes through
multiple channel before the reaching end user. These distribution channels act as the
most important source of information regarding demand for the product and with the
help of information from distributing channels production planning is done. There is
no direct contact between the producer and the end user. So the distributing system
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acts as eyes and ear of the organization to support demand forecasting and demand
analysis.
2.
Make to order :In this type of production system production starts only after confirmation of
the orders and the products from the customer of product hence the delivery period is
long. In this type production system the final product is usually made from parts and
components. The process of order starts only after when the customer specified his
requirement of the products.
Example: - Tailor clothings special purpose machines very expensive products are
usually made by order.
3. Assemble to order production system :In this type of production system the manufactures stocks standard components
parts and assemble the selected parts and components only after the customer places
the order as the components are manufactured and stock the only time require is to
assemble before delivery to the customer.
Job shop production :It is characterized by manufacturing of one or few quantity of products
designed and produced as per the specification of customer within the prefixed time
and cost the distinguishing features of job shop is low volume and high variety of
products.
Example: - Space vehicle, aircraft department special purpose machines, large turbo
generators, material handling machines etc.
A job shop is typically made of general purpose machines arranged into
different departments. Each job demands and unique technological requirements,
demands processing on in a certain sequence. Job order production applies to situation
where products are to be manufactured again specific requirements of the customer.
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Characteristics:1.
2.
3.
2. Batch Production :It is defined as the form of manufacturing in which the job process through the
functional department in lots or batches and each lot may have different rating. Batch
production is producing limited number of products at regular interval and stocked
waiting sales. Batch production aims at satisfying the continuous customer demand
for an item. However, the plant is capable of production as per the demand rate batch
production plants includes foundries, plastic modeling units, press shops, chemical
and pharmaceutical units.
Characteristics:1. Shorter productions run.
2. Amount of supervision require is less.
3. Plants and machineries are flexible.
3.
Continuous Process:This is used when a very highly standardized product is desired in high volumes.
These systems have almost no variety in output and hence there is no need for
equipment flexibility. A continuous process is the extreme end of high volume,
standardized production with rigid line flows. The process often is capital intensive
and operate round the clock to maximize equipment utilization and to avoid expensive
shutdown ad clock to maximize equipment utilization and to avoid expensive shut
downs and shut ups.
Example:
Product made in continuous process systems includes petroleum products, steel,
sugar, flour, paper, cement, fertilizers etc.
4.
Process Industry :
Process manufacturing is defined as the production that adds value by mixing,
separating, forming and performing chemical reactions. It may be carried out in either
batch or continuous process industries manufacture highly standardized non discrete
products in extremely large volume using a continuous process. Plant location, plant
capacity, long range plan for materials, manpower, energy and waste disposal are
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5.
Mass production :Manufactures of discrete parts of assemblies using a continuous process are
called Mass production. The machineries are arrange in a lines, material handling is
departments will be replaced by assembly lines, material handling is atomized which
reduces the cost. Automobile assembly like is a typical example of mass production,
products and process are standardize typically.
Characteristics:1. Large volume of products.
2. Lower in process inventory.
3. Extent of supervision required is less.
Production
Finance
Production
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Marketing
Personnel
Supplier
Competitors
Government
Address
Pin Code
415414
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Registration No. :
Organization Type
Co-operative
Founder
Guidance
Chairman
P.R. Patil
Product
Sugar Cane
1) 12pm to 8pm
2) 8pm to 4am
3) 4am to 12pm
4) General Shift- 8am to 5pm
Marketing Territory:
Made of Transport :
b) LOCATION
About 6 kms. From Peth Naka at National Highway No. 4
Nearest railway station: Karad (SC Railway), Distance 40 kms.
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minister for finance of planning (M.S.) for the last 20 years, out of which for 10 years
he was an officiating chairman of this organization. The present chairman and the
members of board do get valued guidance from him in management decision and
policy making. Factory had constructed some co-operative lift irrigation and policy,
scheme and increased the sugarcane area of the Walwa Taluka. Day by day there was
gradually increase in sugarcane area and is expanded 1250 TCD sugar factory to 2000
TCD in the year 1977, subsequently 2000 TCD to 4000 TCD in the year 1990.
WATEGAON UNIT NO. 2
It has purchased 1000 MT capacity plant and machinery with license from M/s
Manama Sugar Mills Ltd., Pandlam, and Kerala. This factory is established under the
relocation/expansion/modernization scheme.
LOCATION
-Wategaon-surul, Taluka-walwa, District-sangli.
EFFICIENCY AWARDS
Company has received following awards like best cane development awards south
zone. Best financial management awards south zone.
YEARS
1999.2000
NAME OF AWARD
Overall Best Sugar Factory in Maharashtra
Best-Technical Efficiency in South-zone
Best-cane Development in South-zone
Best-Financial Management in South-zone
2000.1
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2000.2
2002.3
2003.4
2004.5
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
SUGAR EXPORT
2002-03 season it has exported 2,39,500Qtls. To Malaysia, Singapore, and Jakarta&
Madagascar and in @003-04 seasons it has exported L 50,000 Qtls. Sugar to
Indonesia, Malaysia, and Sri-lanka, Singapore etc.
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It has online accounting. Cane registration, and cane billing program working under
Novell-Network & FoxPro. Also web based solutions for total sugar factory is under
construction. The computer systems are as under:
DETAILAS
Unit No. 1
Unit No.2
Machines
60
Printers
36
U.P.S.
18
CANE DEVELOPMENT
A) Irrigation Facilities:
No of lift irrigation schemes
No of Members
15842 Nos.
Total Investment
4126 Lacks.
Power Required
26000 HP
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Area in command
50000 Acres
12000 Acres.
The main sources of irrigation are lift irrigation from Krishna &Warana rivers. There
are 39 lift irrigation schemes of Warana & Krishna river which irrigates 50,0000 acres
of land in the area of operation. 15.842 fanners are the shareholders of this lift
irrigation schemes. Total investment for these schemes is Rs. 41.26 crores, this
investment are made without any aid, grant or subsidy from state government. Total
horse power required for these schemes is approx. 26,000 HP.
B) Cane Production:
In the area of operation of Rajarambapu Patil S. S. K. Ltd., sugarcane is grown in
20,000 to 25,000 hectors with an average yield of about 80 tons to 90 tons per hector.
Co- 740, Coc-671, Co-8014, Co-86032 is early high sugared varieties grown in this
area.
PERCENTAGE
Co-86032
71.27
CoC-671
19.30
Co-8014
6.20
ACTIVITIES:
1. Modern methods of agriculture
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
insecticides etc.
8. Fair shops- Agricultural equipments, chasing, modern methods for agriculture
9. Activities for general uplift of the rural and agricultural community.
10. To run the cottage industries- training, guidance
11. Preservation of cultural heritage, traditional art & craft
12. Dairy and poultry farming, animal husbandry
13. To undertake and carry irrigation projects
14. Survey of minerals and natural resources in the region
15. Survey of manpower in the region
16. To run the institution of grant aid for the care of orphans, handicapped, retarded
children, old and disabled people and similar weak, poor & needy persons
17. To encourage young people for providing social services
18. To give scholarships and prizes to the students achieving excellences
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
It is a co-operative sugar factory, therefore, it always give some aid/facility to
its members as well as all people of Walwa Taluka. The following are some of the
features
Primary schools.
Wresting centres.
Libraries.
Farmers.
Sr.
Names
Designation
Village/Town
Chariman
Kurlap
no.
1
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2
Sakharale
Chairman
3
Director
Kasegaon
Director
Kameri
Director
Gotkindi
Director
Islampur
Patil
9
Director
Borgaon
10
Director
Narsinhpur
11
Director
Karandwadi
12
Director
Ashta
13
Director
Dhavali
14
Director
Yelur
15
Shri.ShivajiraoYeshwant
Director
Karandwadi
Rethare Dharan
Salunkhe
16
Director
17
Director
Burli
18
Director
Kundal
19
Director
Kundal
Economical
Navekhed
Pawar
20
Backward
Representative
21
Co-operative
Kasegaon
Society
Representative
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22
Kasegaon
Class
Representative
23
Other
Ashta
Backward
24
Ladies
Bagani
Patil
representative
25
Director
Islampur
26
Director
Shigaon
27
Director
Bahe
28
Worker
Islampur
representative
29
Director
Ashta
30
Director
Navekhed
Chavan
BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
d) FINANCIAL POSITION
PRODUCTION-Factory commissioned and Trial season was successfully completed
during season 2002-03, In 2003-04,, In 2003-04 season it has crushed 2.36.263 MT,
and produced 2,71,562 qtls. Sugar with 11.49% recovery and in 2004-05 season it has
crushed 3,58,562 MT, and produced 4,24,635 qtls. Sugar with 11.84% recovery.
CO-GENERATION PLAN- It has established 2 Nos. boilers with 45 k.g/cm2
working pressure & 510oc temperature and 6 MW back pressure type turbo alternator
set. In addition to this factory has decided to establish one identical 6 MW turbo
alternator set to generate electricity. It has entered it to Energy Purchase Agreement
with M.S.E.B to export 6.9 MW surplus, power at rate of Rs. 3.05 per unit. These
projects will commerce in November, 2005.
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No. Members
Members
Capital(In Lakhs)
12.369
Co-operative
227
Societies total
12,596
604.88
3.84
608.72
2. Distillery
: Rs 1685.16 Lakhs.
3. Acetone
: Rs 500.34 Lakhs.
4. Unit-II
: Rs 7142.67 Lakhs.
5. Petrol Pump
: Rs 4.99 Lakhs.
e) MANPOWER
Sr.
Name Of Department
No.
No. Employees
Unit No. 1
Unit No.2
General
63
Accounts
54
Computer
45
Sanitation
10
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Agriculture-Office
39
Field staff
211
Cane yard
63
25
Vehicle
34
10
10
11
33
12
28
13
Sugar godown
10
14
Manufacturing
215
119
15
Engineering
344
189
16
Distillery
52
17
Liquor
28
18
Environment
21
Total
1264
372
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f) ORGANIZATION CHART
Shareholders
Board of Directors
Managing Director
Production
Personal
Marketing
Department
Department
Department
Finance
Selling and
Department
Distribution
Department
Production
Manager
Labor
Welfare
Marketing
Manager
Chief
Accountant
Officer
Asst.production
Manager
Manager
Retailer
Security
Sales
Accountant
Supervisor
Officer
Production
Supervisor
Workers
Workers
Lab Assistant
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Juice
Cane unloading
Cleaning
Cane
breaking
Cane milling
Straine
r
breaking
Bagasse
Volume
Evaporator
Clarifier
Water
Boilers
Steam Wash
Mud filtration
Crystallizer
Syrup
Seeding
Massecuit
Solution
Centrifugal
Filter cake
Sugar crystals
Water Wash
Water
Cane Sugar
Dryer
Bulk
storage
Bulk load
out
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Step 2 Crushing:The production of sugar begins with the harvesting of sugar cane a relative of
bamboo. The cane stalks are cut into lengths of approximately 20cm and are called
billets. The billets are transported to the mill, either by truck or light rail.
On reaching the mill they are crushed through a series of large rollers. This
produces raw juice (brown in color) and cane fiber called bagacillo (pronounced
bag-a-sillo) This bagasse is burnt by the mill in large boilers, to produce highpressure, super-heated steam to run turbines and produce electricity. The exhaust
steam is then used in other stages of production.
Important points to remember during crushing are:Cane must be crushed within 24 hours of being cut. After this time the sugar
begins to invert into different sugars that will not set solid.
Crushing efficiency is the most important factor in good sugar yields. Every
possible amount of juice need to be squeezed from the cane.
Step 3 Juice extraction:The next step is juice extraction. The prepared cane is fed to 1st mill for the
primary extraction where prepared cane is ruptured and juice extracted. In order to
extract further residual juice rupturing operation is repeated in 3 or 5 times in multiple
mills tandem. This juice obtained is termed as secondary juice.
Primary and secondary juice are mixed then strained in rotator screen for Cushand Cush removal. Before last mill bagasse is leached or washed with hot water for
making bagasse free of sugar. Mixed juice i.e. primary and secondary washed
bagasses are analyzed for various parameters.
The juice collected at the first and secondary mill is sent to the boiling house where it
is clarified and concentrated by boiling.
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Cleanliness is vital to the whole process. Once the juice has been heated,
impurities will speed up the inversion of sugar and lead to reduced yields. All boiling
pans and tools need to be thoroughly cleaned between uses.
Carbon dioxide and milk of a lime are added to the liquid sugar mixture and it
is heated to the boiling point, as the process of clarifying begins. As the carbon
dioxide travels through the liquid it forms calcium carbonate, which attracts non-sugar
debris (fats, gums, and wax)
From the juice, and pulls them away from the sugar juice. The juice is then
pushed through a series of filters to remove any remaining impurities.
The extracted juice contains several impurities both dissolved and dissolved
which includes like glucose, salts, fructose. It is necessary to remove these impurities
otherwise they interface in the process of filtration. Extracted juice is weighted and
analyzed for P2O5, CaO phosphate level made up then heated up to 75C in the juice
heater heated juice is limited up to PH 9.5 to 9.8 by milk of time.
Addition and neutralized with boiling SO2 gas up to 7.00+/-PH. Treated juice is
heated further up to boiling point and send to clarifier for setting. Analysis for clear
juice for PH, CaO, color. Transmitter is done to understand effectiveness of
clarification.
After setting clear juice obtain juice send for evaporation and muddy juice for
filtration.
Step 5 Muddy juice filtration:Muddy juice is drawn from clarifier for mixed with bagicillo and send for
filtration in to vacuum filtrate. The filtrate obtained is treated separately in
conventional liming and sulphitation process and soiled waste disposed as press mud
for bio-earth purpose.
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Step 6 Evaporation -:
The clear juice which results from the clarifying process is put under a
vacuum, where the juice boils at a low temperature and begins to evaporate. It is
heated until it forms into thick, brown syrup.
Clear juice obtained from clarifier is thin about 15 and 16 brix to concentrate
thin juice. The process of evaporation is carried out in multiple effects, evaporator
bodies under the vacuums. To obtained thick juice syrup of about 60-62 brix syrup is
bleached in to sulphitation tower by blowing so2 gas up to Ph 5.1 to 5.2 waste gas
recovered in gas absorption tower.
Step 7 Crystallization:By evaporating what little water is left in the sugar syrup, crystallization takes
place. Inside a sterilized vacuum pan, pulverized sugar is fed into the pan as the liquid
evaporates, causing the formation of crystals. The remaining mixture is a thick mass
of large crystals, which is sent to a centrifuge to spin and dry the crystals. The dried
product is raw sugar, still inedible. The crystallization process is carried out in three or
four boiling system or four boiling system. Three boiling systems consists of
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massecuite viz A, B, C boiling system consist of three massecuite viz A, B1, B2, and
C. All massecuite system are carried out under the vacuum in single evaporator body,
each massecuite boiling consists of concentration, seeding, washing, and then
growing the crystals.
Step 8 Sugar formation and grading:Sugar crystals are separated from mother liquor of masscults by centrifugal
machines. Four type of centrifugal machines are used for four various masscults.
From A massecuite final sugar is taken out, from B1, B2 and C massecuite sugar is
melted and reused in process for A massecuite is dried, cooled, and packed in jute
bags after weightiest, then stitched and send to godawn for packing.
Step 9 Steam and power generation:In addition to above steam and power required for manufacturing process
steam generated in boiler by using bagasse as fuel. System is used for power
generation and exhaust obtained used for process, excess bagasses bales and send for
paper mill. Planning to supply excess power to grit. At present power generated
according to actual consumption in sugar distillery unit.
Step 10 Co-products management:Sugar cane is main raw material for cane sugar production. Bagasse, press,
mud and final molasses are by products. Bagasse is used as fuel for steam generation;
excess is baled and used for paper production in our paper mill, loose excess bagasse
is sold in open market. Press mud, filter mud is used in our bio earth plant for manure
production. Same is sold to our cane growers. Molasses is stored in steel tanks and
used in our distillery for production of alcohol and ethanol. Excess molasses is sold in
open market.
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Step 11 Solid liquid waste management:Boiler ash and sugar are the soiled waste. Boiler ash is collected stored in
separate pot in karkhana premises and used either for land filling and bio-earth plant.
Dust sugars are collected by wet scrubber system and recycle in process.
Excess hot water collected in centralized M.S tank cooled in mini spray pond
and reused as raw water. Cold waste water treated in effluent treatment plant based on
extend aeration, cooled, polished and reused as make up to spray pond and as raw
material in sugar factory at various places as per quality. Excess treated water is given
to share holders for their irrigation need.
the distillery unit and is used for the manufacturing of Industrial Alcohol. The
company uses PRESSMUD waste products from the sugar Mill for the production
of these by-products. Press mud got nutrients which increase the fertility of the soil if
used in preparing fertilizers. Bagasse another waste material is used as a fuel in
boilers for generation of steam required during the manufacturing process of sugar,
generation of electricity and operation of plants. Surplus Bagasse can be used as a raw
material for Paper mills and paper board mills.
The company has developed a system in press mud (waste of sugar factory) is
used for Bio-composting. The composting process after completion is ready for use as
manure. This is then packed in plastic bags for distribution. It is highly riches with
Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potash.
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Crushing
Season
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
2012-2013
2013-2014
Crushing
Sugarcane in
Quintals
8,62,110
8,66,112
9,51,428
8,54,264
8,96,402
9,21,289
Graph
No.4.1
The above table and graph indicates that the total crushing of sugarcane for the
last six years. In the year of 2010-2011 the crushing of sugar cane maximum that is 9,
51,428 quintal, but in the year of 2008-2009 the crushing of sugar is minimum which
is 7, 10,080 quintal. The main reason of minimum of these crushing of sugar is
different types of diseases affect on sugar plants like lokari mava, tambera, toldhad.
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The organization has continuously maintained average sugar recovery. It is about 11%
Crushing Season
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
2012-2013
2013-2014
Sugarcane
Recovery
12.21%
12.15%
11.78%
12.28%
12.73%
13.01%
Graph No.4.2
The above table and graph shows that the sugar recovery of last six years in
the organization. It shows in percentage (%). In the year of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014
the organization has maintain good sugar recovery than rest of years which is 13.01%
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100
Cane crushed
105289.620
=
100
862110.170
= 12.21%
2) The average recovery of sugar in percent year of 2009-2010
Total sugar made
Recovery =
100
Cane crushed
105289.420
=
100
866112.171
= 12.15%
3) The average recovery of sugar in percent year of 2010-2011
Total sugar made
Recovery =
100
Cane crushed
112150.000
=
100
951428.249
= 11.78%
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100
Cane crushed
104962.700
=
100
854264.979
= 12.28%
5) The average recovery of sugar in percent year of 2012-2013
Total sugar made
Recovery =
100
Cane crushed
114151.640
100
896402.195
= 12.73%
6) The average recovery of sugar in percent year of 2013-2014
Total sugar made
Recovery =
100
Cane crushed
120193.000
100
9212896.00
= 13.01%
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maximum 15%. 10% recovery means that for every 100kg of cane processed 10 kg of
sugar is produced.
Crushing
Season
Total sugar
production in
(Tonnes)
2008-2009
10,52,896
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
2012-2013
2013-2014
10,52,894
11,21,500
10,49,627
11,41,516
12,01,930
The above table and graph shows that sugar produced in the organization in
last five years. In the year of 2013-2014 the organization has produced maximum
sugar due to availability of sugarcane. But in the year of 2008-2009 the production of
sugar was less.
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Crushing
Season
Total Molassess
Produced in (Tonnes)
2008-2009
21,904
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
2012-2013
2013-2014
31,454
35,139
34,713
35,071
31,421
Graph No.4.4
The above table and graph shows that molasses produced in the organization
in last five years. In the above graph it is clear that in the year of 2010-2011 the
organization has produced highest molasses as compare to other years. Which was
35139 tones. But in the year of 2008-2009 the organization has produced lowest
molasses due to less crushing of sugarcane.
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Following are some test reports of the sugar factory regarding to sugar test parameter
researcher has studied the test reports of some sample given below:
Report No.: GS-Feb-82-83
Date: 26-2-2011
Sample condition: Crystalline white sugar
Sample Description: ST-6544 S-30, M-30 season 2010-2011
Sr.
Test
M-30
No. parameter
Season 2010& unit
2011
1.
Colour, IU
133 at PH
6.70
2.
Sulphardioxide 17%
mg/kg
3.
Polarization%
99.90%
S-30
Season 20102011
130 at PH
6.70
17%
4.
0.0128%
Moisture%
0.0353%
99.91%
Test method
adopted
ICUMSA GS
2/3-10
ICUMSA GS
2/A/7-33
IS: 15279
ICUMSA GS
2/A/3-15
Above table shows the test parameter and test method use to maintain the quality
of sugar in year 2010-2011. The test parameter of sugar are Colour IU (International
uniform),Sulphardioxide in percentage, Polarization%, Moisture%. There are different
international test are adoted by organization such as ICUMSA GS 2/3-10, ICUMSA
GS 2/A/7-33, IS: 15279, ICUMSA GS 2/A/3-15. Here M-30 is medium sugar grade,
and S-30 is small sugar grade. The colour, IU of sugar is tested by method ICUMSA
GS 2/3-10 (International Commission Uniform Method of Sugar Analysis). In M-30
sugar colour, IU 133 at PH 6.70 and S-30 is 130 at PH 6.70. The percentage of
sulphardioxide for M-30 season 2010-2011 is 17% and S-30 is 17%. The polarization
means from the limitation of sugar into sugarcane. Polarization% M-30 is 99.90% and
S-30 is 99.91%. The test use is IS (Intermational Standard), ICUMSA International
Commission Uniform Method Analysis) and IU (International Uniform). The
percentage of moisture for M-30 is 0.0353% and S-30 is 0.0128%.
So, by using above test method the quality of sugar maintain.
Remark: The above test report conforms to S-30 & M-30 with respect to elements
specified.
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MBA II
Following are some test reports of the sugar factory regarding to sugar test parameter
researcher has studied the test reports of some sample given below:
Report No.: ST- 3585
Date: 8-8-2014
Sample condition: Crystalline white sugar
Sample Description: ST-6549, S-30, season 2013-2014
Sr.
No.
1.
Colour, IU
S-30
Test method
Season Adopted
2013-2014
110
ICUMSA GS 2/3-10
2.
3.
Sulphardioxide mg/kg
Polarization%
12.90%
99.76%
ICUMSA GS 2/1/7/9-33
ICUMSA GS 2/3-1
4.
Moisture%
0.027%
ICUMSA GS 2/1/3/9-15
Above table shows the test parameter and test method use to maintain the quality of
sugar in year 2013-2014. The test parameter of sugar are Colour IU (International
uniform),Sulphardioxide in percentage, Polarization%, Moisture%. There are different
international test are adopted by organization such as ICUMSA GS 2/3-10, ICUMSA
GS 2/1/7/9-33, ICUSMA GS 2/3-1, ICUMSA GS 2/1/9-15. Here the one type of grade
adopted S-30 is small sugar grade. The colour, IU of sugar is tested by method
ICUMSA GS 2/3-10 (International Commission Uniform Method of Sugar Analysis).
In S-30 sugar colour, IU 110. The percentage of sulphardioxide for S-30 season 20132014 is 12.90%. Polarization% S-30 is 99.76%. The test use is IS (Intermational
Standard), ICUMSA International Commission Uniform Method Analysis) and IU
(International Uniform). The percentage of moisture S-30 is 0.027%.
So, by using above test method the quality of sugar maintain
Remark: The above test report conforms to S-30 with respect to elements specified.
AGIMS, Sangli
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MBA II
Following are some test reports of the sugar factory regarding to sugar test parameter
researcher has studied the test reports of some sample given below:
Report No.: ST-3633
Date: 26-12-2014
Sample condition: Crystalline white sugar
Sample Description: ST-6760, S-30, M-30 season 2014-2015
Sr.
No.
1.
2.
3.
Colour, IU
Sulphardioxide
mg/kg
Polarization%
4.
Moisture%
M-30
S-30
Test method
Season
Season
adopted
2014-2015
2014-2015
88
93
ICUMSA GS 9/1/3-8
18.88%
21.21%
ICUMSA GS 2/1/7/9-33
99.83%
99.85%
ICUMSA GS 2/3-1
0.022%
0.024%
ICUMSA GS 2/1/3/9-15
Above table shows the test parameter and test method use to maintain the
quality of sugar in year 2014-2015. The test parameter of sugar are Colour IU
(International uniform), Sulphardioxide in percentage, Polarization%, Moisture%.
There are different international test are adopted by organization such as ICUMSA GS
9/1/3-8, ICUMSA GS 2/1/7/9-33, ICUMSA GS 2/3-1, ICUMSA GS 2/1/3/9-15. Here
M-30 is medium sugar grade, and S-30 is small sugar grade. The colour, IU of sugar
is tested by method ICUMSA GS 9/1/3-8 (International Commission Uniform Method
of Sugar Analysis). In M-30 sugar colour, IU is 88 and S-30 is 93. The percentage of
sulphardioxide for M-30 season 2014-2015 is 18.88% and S-30 IS 21.21%.
Polarization% M-30 is 99.83% and S-30 is 99.85%. The test use is IS (International
Standard), ICUMSA International Commission Uniform Method Analysis) and IU
(International Uniform). The percentage of moisture for M-30 is 0.022% and S-30 is
0.024%.
So, by using above test method the quality of sugar maintain.
Remark: The above test report conforms to S-30 & M-30 with respect to elements
specified.
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MBA II
5.2 Suggestion:
1) The sugar factory needs to maintain good sugar recovery to each year.
AGIMS, Sangli
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MBA II
5.3Conclusion:
From the overall study of production process of sugar with special
references to Rajarambapu Patil Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Islampur, the
researcher understood the concept of production process and also understood the
test reports regarding to the selection of material & test parameter and test
method use to maintain the quality of sugar in different year. Researchers also
understood how to determine sugar recovery.
Bibliography:
AGIMS, Sangli
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MBA II
Web bibliography:
1) http://www.bing.com/search?
q=rajarambapu+sugar&qs=SC&sk=OS1&pq=rajaram+bapu+s&sc=314&sp=2&cvid=e81b48c52ad146bbaeb52e58a09bc741&FORM=QBRE
2) http://rajarambapusugar.com/
3) http://www.sucrose.com/lcane.html
AGIMS, Sangli
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