Intro to the World of Materials

MatE 11 | Lecture 02
AY 2014 - 2015
Structure and composition of materials (metals. polymers, ceramics and
composite materials); properties and behavior in service conditions
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What are Materials?

substances out of which a thing
is or can be made

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Materials Science & Engineering:

What is It?
field devoted to understanding and
controlling the performance of useful
Materials
through the study of interrelationships
between materials
synthesis, structure and properties

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This is what Materials Engineering is

all about

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This is what Materials Engineering is

all about

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This is what Mat E 11 is all about

PROPERTY = f (STRUCTURES)

= f (electronic structure)

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Traditional Materials

Metal

Polymers

Ceramics

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What are Metals?

q Any of a category
of electropositive
elements
q possess a shiny
surface
q good conductors
of heat and
electricity
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Looks familiar?

More than 80% of known

elements are metallic!
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What are Ceramic Materials?

Any of various hard,
brittle, heat-resistant and
corrosion-resistant
materials
made by shaping and then
firing an inorganic,
nonmetallic mineral
Keramikos = BURNT
STUFF
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Types of Ceramics

SiO2
Elemental
Ceramics

Compound
Ceramics

SiC
Al2O3
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What are Polymers?

many units
natural and synthetic
compounds of high
molecular weight

PROPERTIES?

consisting of up to
millions of repeated
linked simple
organic units

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Explaining the POLYMER Concept

Ethylene

Polyethylene
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Polyethylene

LDPE

HDPE

UHMWPE
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TYPES OF POLYMERS

THERMOPLASTICS

THERMOSETS
ELASTOMERS

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What are Composite Materials?

A combination of two or more materials

differing in form or composition
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Classification of Materials
Metals

Steel reinforced concrete

Cermets: (ceramic particles
bonded together by metals)

Steel-cord tires

Composites

Polymers
CFRP/ GFRP

Ceramics
and
glasses

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Why mix two materials?

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Structural Classification of Materials

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PTER 1

these concepts in later chapters.

The design of materials with improved resistance to tem
essential in many technologies, as illustrated by the increase in oper
Introduction to Materialsaircraft
Scienceand
andaerospace
Engineering
vehicles (Figure 1-8). As higher speeds are a
of the vehicle skin occurs because of friction with the air. Also, engi
ciently at higher temperatures.
Figure 1-7 In order to achieve higher speed and

Service Conditions

Increasing temperature normally

reduces the strength of a material.
Polymers are suitable only at low
temperatures. Some composites,
Figure 1-8
96023_01_ch1_p002-021.qxd 5/21/10 2:09 PM Page 15
such as carbon-carbon composites, Skin operating
special alloys, and ceramics, have aircraft have in
excellent properties at high
development o
temperatures.
1 - 5 Environmental
and Other
Eff
(After M.
Stein
American, Oct

National aerospace plane

September 11, 2001. Although the towers sustained the initial impact of the collisions,
their steel structures were weakened by elevated temperatures caused by fire, ultimately
leading to the collapse.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or
Figure 1-9

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DMMME!
NASAs X-43A unmanned aircraft is an example
of an advanced UP
hypersonic
vehicle. (C

effects of temperature, fatigue, stress,

and corrosion may be interrelated, and other
outside effects could affect the materials
performance.

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Summary

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