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4. List the steps that must be performed to create a phoneme string for a given
phrase.
[2.5 marks]
The 5 tasks to develop phoneme string:
Determine phoneme string symbol required for the given words within a
phrase.
Provide pauses between syllables and words as needed for timing and
rhythm
Provide intonation for the individual word as well as the entire phrase
Convert the phoneme symbol string to phoneme code string
Execute the phoneme string, listen to the result and modify accordingly.
5. What is the purpose of dynamic programming?
[1 mark]
Dynamic programming attempts to produce the vest possible fit between two
templates so that the system does not reject the current utterance simply because
the speaker did not sat the word exactly the same as when the reference template
was mad. Dynamic programming is a matrix analysis technique that computes all
the possible combinations of time alignments between the reference and unknown
templates, the result being the best match between the two templates.
6. Explain why the higher-level knowledge sources are so important to the
speech-understanding task.
[1 mark]
This speech understanding system is useful for reasoning strategy. In backward
reasoning for example, the higher-level knowledge can be used to expect the
contents of an utterance. The constraint knowledge of this high level can be
collaborated in reasoning process and reduce the possibility of interpretation error.
7. Robert cross operator approximates the first derivative of a digital image.
Show the Robert cross operator formula by using the figure shown below
where A, B, C and D are the image intensity.
A
Figure 1
[1 mark]
Answer:
R = [(A-D)2+(C-B)@]1/2
8. Create a pyramid for Figure 2, then create a quad tree from the answer
Figure 2
[4 marks]
Answer
10. Explain how shadows and cracks can enhance the image understanding
process
[2 marks]
Shadows enhance image understanding, since the existence of shadow indicates
the existence of at least one other object and many times indicates that the object
is being supported by another object. Cracks usually indicate the presence of
several but connected, objects.