G.

Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

Problem 2.2
Solution:
Known quantities:
MKSQ units.

Find:
Equivalent units of volt, ampere and ohm.

Analysis:
Joule
J
V=
Coulomb
C
Coulomb
C
Current = Ampere =
a=
second
s
Volt
Joule second
J s
Resistance = Ohm =
=
= 2
2
Ampere
Coulomb
C
Voltage = Volt =

Conductance = Siemens or Mho =

Ampere C 2
=
J s
Volt

Problem 2.3
Solution:
Known quantities:
Battery nominal rate of 100 A-h.

Find:
a) Charge potentially derived from the battery
b) Electrons contained in that charge.

Assumptions:
Battery fully charged.

Analysis:
a)

C
s
100A 1hr = 100 (1hr ) 3600 = 360000 C

s
hr

b)
charge on electron: 1.602 1019 C
no. of electrons =
360 10 3C
19

1.602 10

= 224.7 10 22

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G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

Problem 2.7
Solution:
Known quantities:
Rated discharge current of the battery; rated voltage of the battery; rated discharge time of the battery.

Find:
a) Energy stored in the battery when fully recharging
b) Energy stored in the battery after discharging

Analysis:
60 min 60 sec
a) Energy = Power time = (1A)(12V )(120hr )

hr min

w = 5.184 10 6 J

b) Assume that 150 W is the combined power rating of both lights; then,
3600 sec
6
w used = (150W )(8hrs)
= 4.32 10 J
hr
w stored = w wused = 864 10 3 J

Problem 2.8
Solution:
Known quantities:
Recharging current and recharging voltage

Find:
a) Total transferred charge
b) Total transferred energy

Analysis:
a)
Q = area under the current - time curve = Idt
=

1
1
1
(4)(30)(60) + 6(30)(60) + (2)(90)(60) + 4(90)(60) + (4)(60)(60) = 48,600 C
2
2
2

Q = 48,600 C
dw
= p so w = pdt = vidt
dt
3
v=9+
t V, 0 t 10800 s
10800
4
i1 = 10 t A, 0 t 1800 s
1800
2
i2 = 6 t A, 1800 t 7200 s
5400
4
i 3 = 12 t A, 7200 t 10800 s
3600

b)

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G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2
where i = i1 + i 2 + i3
Therefore,
7200
10800
w = 01800 vi1 dt + 1800
vi 2 dt + 7200
vi3 dt

t2
t2
t3
= 90t +

720 100 4.86 10 6

1800

t2
t2
t3
+ 60t +

1080 600 29.16 10 6

t2
t2
t3
+ 108t +

600 200 9.72 10 6

7200

1800
10800

7200

= 132.9 10 3 + 380.8 10 3 -105.4 10 3 + 648 10 3 -566.4 10 3

Energy = 489.9 kJ

Problem 2.9
Solution:
Known quantities:
Current-time curve

Find:
a) Amount of charge during 1st second
b) Amount of charge for 2 to 10 seconds
c) Sketch charge-time curve

Analysis:
410 3 t
1

a) i =

Q1 = idt =
0

1
3
0 4 10 tdt

= 4 10

3 t

= 2 10 3
0

amp
= 2 10 3 Coulombs
sec

b) The charge transferred from t = 1 to t = 2 is the same as from t = 0 to t = 1 .

Q2 = 4 103 Coulombs

The charge transferred from t = 2 to t = 3 is the same in magnitude and opposite in direction to that from t = 1
to t = 2 .
t=4

Q3 = 2 103 Coulombs

Q4 = 2 103 344 103 dt = 2 103 4 103 = 2 103 Coulombs

t = 5,6, 7

Q5 = 2 103 + 45 2 103dt = 0
Q6 = 0 + 56 2 103dt = 2 103 Coulombs
Q7 = 2 103 + 67 2 103dt = 4 103 Coulombs
t = 8,9,10s
Q = 4 103Coulombs

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G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

Section 2.2, 2.3 KCL, KVL

Problem 2.13
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.13 with currents I 0 = 2 A,
I1 = 4 A, IS = 8 A, and voltage source VS = 12 V.

Find:
The unknown currents.

Analysis:
Applying KCL to node (a) and node (b):
I 0 + I 1 + I 2 = 0

I 0 + I S + I1 - I 3 = 0

I = (I + I ) = 6 A
0
1
2

I 3 = I 0 + I S + I 1 = 2 A

Problem 2.14
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.14.

Find:
The unknown currents.

Analysis:
Applying KCL at the node:

-i + 2 + 6-5 = 0

thus i = 3 A which means that a 3-A current is leaving the node.

Problem 2.15
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.15.

Find:
The unknown currents.

Analysis:
Applying KCL at the node:

i + 6-5 + 2 = 0

thus i = -3 A which means that a 3-A current is leaving the node.

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G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

Problem 2.16
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.16.

Find:
Voltages v1 and v2

Analysis:
Applying KVL:
5 + 3 + v 2 = 0 v 2 = 2 V
5 + 3 10 + v1 = 0 v1 = 12 V

Problem 2.17
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.17.

Find:
Current I1

Analysis:
Let us refer to the current (down) through the 30 resistor as I 2 .
Applying KCL, we have
I 1 + I 2 = 10 A

(Eq.1)

15I 1 30 I 2 = 0

(Eq.2)

Also, applying KVL and Ohm's law, we have

Solving Eq.1 and Eq.2, we obtain
I1 =

20
10
A and I 2 =
A
3
3

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G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

Problem 2.20
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.20.

Find:
Determine power dissipated or supplied for each power
source.

Analysis:
Element A:
P = -vi = -(-12V)( 25 A) = 300W (dissipating)

Element B:
P = vi = ( 15V)( 25 A) = 375W (dissipating)

Element C:
P = vi = ( 27V)( 25 A) = 675W (supplying)

Problem 2.21
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.21.

Find:
Power absorbed by resistant R and power delivered by
current source.

Analysis:
Power absorbed by R = (10V )(3 A) = 30W
From Problem 2.16, v1 = 12 V .

Therefore,

Power delivered by the current source = (12V )(3 A) = 36W

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G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

Problem 2.22
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.22.

Find:
a) Determine power absorbed or power delivered
b) Testify power conservation

Analysis:
By KCL, the current through element B is 5A, to the right.
By KVL, v a 3 + 10 + 5 = 0 .
Therefore, the voltage across element A is

va = 12V (positive at the top).

A supplies (12V )(5 A) = 60W

B supplies (3V )(5 A) = 15W
C absorbs (5V )(5 A) = 25W
D absorbs (10V )(3 A) = 30W
E absorbs (10V )(2 A) = 20W

Total power supplied = 60W + 15W = 75W

Total power absorbed = 25W + 30W + 20W = 75W
Tot. power supplied = Tot. power absorbed
conservation of power is satisfied.

Problem 2.23
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.23.

Find:
Power absorbed by the 5 resistance.

Analysis:
The current flowing clockwise in the series circuit is
The voltage across the 5 resistor, positive on the left, is

i=

20V
= 1A
20

v 5 = (1A)(5 ) = 5V

Therefore, P5 = (5V )(1A) = 5 W

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G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

Problem 2.26
Solution:
Known quantities:
Current absorbed by the heater; voltage at which the current is supplied; cost of the energy.

Find:
a) Power consumption
b) Energy dissipated in 24 hr.
c) Cost of the Energy

Assumptions:
The heater works for 24 hours continuously.

Analysis:
J A
= 2.53 KW
A s
J
s
b) W = Pt = 2.53 10 3 24 hr 3600 = 218.6 MJ
s
hr
cents
c) Cost = (Rate) W = 6
(2.53 kW)(24 hr ) = 364.3 cents = $3.64
kW hr

a) P = VI = 110 V (23 A) = 2.53 10 3

Problem 2.27
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.27 with voltage source,
Vs = 12V ; internal resistance of the source, Rs = 5k ; and
resistance of the load, RL = 7k .

Find:
The terminal voltage of the source; the power supplied to the circuit, the efficiency of the circuit.

Assumptions:
Assume that the only loss is due to the internal resistance of the source.

Analysis:
KVL : VS + I T RS + VT = 0
V
VS + T RS + VT = 0
RL
VS
12 V
VT =
=
= 7V
RS
5 k
1+
1+
RL
7 k

V
OL : VT = I T RL I T = T
RL

or VD : VT =

VS RL
12 V 7 k
=
= 7 V.
RS + RL 5 k + 7 k

(7 V ) = 7 mW
V2 V2
PL = R = T =
RL RL 7 10 3 V
A
P
P
7 k
I 2R
RL
= out =
= 2 T L2
=
= 0.5833 or
Pin
PR S + PR L I T RS + I T RL 5 k + 7 k

58.33% .

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G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

PS (W )
0
30
60
120
240
360

Note that the power supplied to the

circuit is maximum when
I T = 20a .
P
120 Va
V
RL = 20 =
= 30 m = 30 m
2
a
I T (20 a)
RS =

Ploss
I T2

120 Va
(20 a)

Ploss (W )
0
1.875
7.5
30
120
270

VT (V )
0
11.4
10.5
9
6
3

P0 (W )
0
28.13
52.5
90
120
90
Terminal Voltage

400

12

350

11

300

10

250
Pi=Ps
)
W
(
P

= 30 m

200

Vt (V)

I T ( A)
0
2
5
10
20
30

150
P0

100
5

50
4

10

RL = RS

15
It(a)

20

25

30

10

15
It (A)

20

25

Problem 2.32
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuit shown in Figure P2.32 if the power delivered by the source is 40 mW; the voltage v = v1 /4; and
R1 = 8k, R2 = 10k,R3 = 12k

Find:
The resistance R, the current i and the two voltages v and v1

Analysis:
P = v i = 40 mW (eq. 1)
v
v1 = R2 i = 10000 i =
(eq. 2)
4

From eq.1 and eq.2, we obtain:

i = 1.0 mA and v = 40 V.
Applying KVL for the loop:
v + 8000i + 10000i + Ri + 12000i = 0 or, 0.001R = 10

Therefore,
R = 10k and v1 = 10V .

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30

G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

Problem 2.36
Solution:
Known quantities:
Schematic of the circuit shown in Figure P2.36 with source voltage, v = 24V ; and resistances,
Ro = 8, R1 = 10, R2 = 2 .

Find:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

The equivalent resistance seen by the source

The current i
The power delivered by the source
The voltages v1 and v 2
The minimum power rating required for R1

Analysis:
Req = R0 + R1 + R2 = 8 +10 + 2 = 20
V
24V
V Req i = 0 , therefore i =
=
= 1.2A
Req 20

a) The equivalent resistance seen by the source is

b) Applying KVL:

Psource = Vi = 24V 1.2A = 28.8 W

c)

d) Applying Ohm's law:

v1 = R1i = 10 1.2A = 12 V , and v 2 = R2i = 2 1.2A = 2.4 V

2

P1 = R1i 2 = 10 (1.2A) = 14.4 W , therefore the minimum power rating for R1is 16 W.

e)

Problem 2.37
Solution:
Known quantities:
Schematic of the circuit shown in Figure P2.37 with resistors, R1 = 25, R2 = 10,R3 = 5,R4 = 7 .

Find:
a) The currents i1 and i 2
b) The power delivered by the 3-A current source and the 12-V voltage source
c) The total power dissipated by the circuit.

Analysis:
a) KCL at node 1 requires that:
v1
v1 - 12 V
+
-3A=0
R3
R2
Solving for v1 we have
(4 + R3)R2 = 18 V
v1 = 3
R2 + R3
Therefore,

v1
18
= = 1.8 A
R2
10
12 v1
6
i2 =
= = 1.2 A
R3
5
i1 =

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G. Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, 5th Edition Problem solutions, Chapter 2

Section 2.5, 2.6 Resistance and Ohms Law

Problem 2.42
Solution:
Known quantities:
Circuits of Figure 2.42.

Find:
Values of resistance and power rating

Analysis:
(a)

20 =

Ra
(50)
Ra+15,000
Ra (50 - 20) = 20(15) 103
Ra = 10 k
2

50
Pa = I 2 R=
(10 ,000 )=40 mW
25000
1
PRa = W
8

(b)

P1 = I 2 R = 60 mW
1
PR1 = W
8
270

2.25 = 5
270 + Rb
Rb = 330
1
PRb = W
8
PR2 =

c)

2.7 103
28.3 = 110
3
3
2.7 10 + 1 10 + RL

1
W
8

RL = 6.8k

PR = 1W
L

1
W
8
1
PR4 = W
2

PR3 =

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