Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
NI EP a
'***59
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. NEW PATTERN OF SCHOOL
EDUCATION
Prof. S. Nurul Hasan
3. THE NEW PATTERN OF
EDUCATIONAN ANALYSIS
4 PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO
WORK EXPERIENCE
5. REVAMPING SCIENCE EDUCATION
Dr. G. L. Bakbshi
6. THE NEW EXAMINATION SYSTEM
Dr. R. P. Singhal
7. WHY & HOW OF THE NEW
10+2 PATTERN OF SCHOOL
EDUCATION
8. THE NEW PATTERN AT A GLANCE
Appendix A
9. WORK EXPERIENCE
PHILOSOPHY & PURPOSES
Appendix B
INTRODUCTION
The system of Education which we inherited
while attaining our independence, had hardly
any relevance to the needs of the life situation
then prevailing in the country. With the
passage of time, the educational system conti
nued to drift away from the realities of life. At
the same time there was a growing all round
realisation of the deficiencies of the system.
N o society, particularly one like ours, which is
passing through an extremely crucial but equally
important phase of economic development, can
allow such a system to continue. Luckily, the
country has designed and accepted a replace
ment for the out-moded system and is currently
engaged in the implementation of the new system
commonly known as the 10 + 2 + 3 pattern. This
pattern has been on the anvil for almost 60
years and carries on it the imprint of the deli
berations of numerous high level academic and
non-academic forums. The Central Board of
Secondary Education has introduced this system,
G. L.
Bak h sh i
Chairman
exam ine the issue and it is hoped that they will also follow suit
in the near future.
Some Misconceptions
In spite o f all these academic considerations in favou r o f the
uniform ad optio n of the c o m m o n pattern o f 10+ 2 + 3 for school
an d college classes, it is really unfortunate that there are several
misconceptions on the subject which interfere with a p r o p e r
im plemen tation o f the program me. It is necessary to clear these
misconceptions if the p r o g r a m m e is to succeed.
There is an unfortunate tendency, in certain quarters, to re
gard the arithmetic o f the pattern (whether it is 11 -H2 +- 2 o r 11 +
1 + 3 or any other combination) as far more im p o rta n t than the
substance o f the reform which consists of the vocationalization
o f the higher secondary stage an d im provem en t o f standards,
both in school and university education. I would like to state
it categorically that the arithmetic o f the structure is of no c o n
sequence whatsoever and that even the structure o f the ed ucational
system is o f little importance. We should not, therefore, look
at this pr oposal of ad opting a new pattern of school an d college
classes on a uniform basis thro u g h o u t the countr y either as an
arithmetical problem or even as a purely structural pr oblem. We
14
15
16
AN ANALYSIS
Dr. G. L. Bakhshi
19
there is a real prospect of a radical change som e me mbers of the
intelligentsia fiercely rally to the support of the system of which
they themselves have been critics. O u r main problem seems
to be that ou r radical thinking is not matched by radical action.
Unfounded Fears
The no-changers warn us that the new system will en coun ter
many difficulties. Nothin g great was ever achieved without sur
mou nting huge difficulties. But that is no reason for not making
Education for self-reliance
PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO
W ORK EXPERIENCE
Dr. G. L. Bakhshi
New Conceit
A new oncept like work experience would offer obvious
difficulties if i is sought to be reduced to a one sentence defini
tion. It is essntial that this new discipline is taught on the basis
o f certain comnonly accepted concepts which will get refined as
we go alon g 01 the road o f implementation.
21
Inflexibility
The concept o f work experience will in future be more and
more sharply defined and the curriculum and courses will be re
designed to realize the educational values in a much more direct
and explicit manner.
Long years of teaching-learning process have more or less
fixed the co ntours at various levels of most traditional subjects
und the instructional ritual has almost got fixed with little incen
No Blind Alley
T he teacher has also been given a four-week training in va
rious areas of w o rk experience during the s um m e r recess. A b o u t
1,000 teachers, at the rate of one teacher for each affiliated school,
have been put throug h this practical training. For this purpose
the facilities and expertise available in o ur Engineering Colleges.
will be mostly done in the school itself and that obviously would
restrict to some extent the choice of work experience on the part
of the schools. The use of co m m unity facilities in the neigh
b o u r h o o d or making arrangemen ts with a factory or work shop
or productive centre in the neig hbourh ood is not precluded. In
fact the latter has to be encouraged and large scale co-ordination
will have to be developed with other agencies concerned with
productive activities. This will be a real brea kthrough and we
shall then be able to take up more sophisticated and more relined
w o r k experiences. This may take a little time but this arrange
m e n t will have to be worked out because it will not be possible
to set up all the necessary wo rkshops in the schools them-
sel'ves.
As the program m e develops, it is certain that such co-ordination will be forthcoming. The success of all educational enter
prises depends upon the joint efforts o f parents and teachers and
w o r k experience needs this joint effort much more than any other
project.
Dr. G. L. Bakhshi
Emphasis On Applicability
Teaching of science in this country has been becoming more
and more theoretical and getting away from the realities of
or dinary life resulting in loss of popularity. It is essential to
evolve a new methodology of teaching science which will make
the subject more interesting, more readily assimilable by the
students and also restore to various science disciplines their fading
vitality and popularity. Any subject which is not constantly
reviewed in the matter of its contents as w>ell as m eth odology of
instruction in order to retain its relevance to the changing life
situation, is likely to get fossilised and suffer the fate of the
classics. Science can be a discipline for specialised an d sophisti26
Inter-disciplinary Approach
A n o th er advantage of the project technology is that it very
often encourages the interdisciplinary appro ach which develops
a wider understanding o f the unity underlying all knowledge and
also brings people from various disciplines together fostering a
team spirit which in these days is most essential for any significant
achieve ment in any field. This method also eliminates the isola
tion o f science from the co m m unity by creating an awareness of
the social, economic an d moral problems.
Recently the method of project technology was tried by the
Central Board of Secondary Education in a W o r k s h o p at Lawrence
School, Sanawar, which was attended by 21 teachers from schools
in different parts of the country and was guided by experts from
India and ab road. This quiet w o rk shop away from the m a d d e n
ing crowds, generated trem endous interest am o n g the participants.
As a matter of fact their absorption in their work all the day long
was to be seen to be believed. Their complete concen tra tion
throug h long hours indicated the strong motivating effect of
project tec hnolo gy If the introduction of this p r o g r am m e in
schools results in the same motivation and the development of
the same interest a m o n g students, it will be a brea k-thro ugh in
solving m any of the ills of the present-day education. This small
w o rk sho p has thrown up very fruitful ideas and has show n the
great potentialities o f the project technology for more purposeful
teaching of science.
It has been decided that suitable follow-up action will be
initiated w ith the help of these 21 teachers and it would be possible
to generate a snow-ball movement in order to cover all the t h o u
28
29
Dr. R. P. Singhal
Whether the existing exam ination system serves our present day
needs or whether it requires to be changed, are questions which
are uppermost today in the minds o f not only those who are
responsible for improvement of education in our country but also
those whose children are studying in educational institutions.
Professor Nurul Hasan, Union Education Minister, recently
in his address on the occasion of the Golden Jubilee o f the A s s o
ciation of Indian Universities observed that the existing system
o f ex amination began giving negative returns some years ago
and has now become highly counter-productive. He went on to
say that unless we make a major effort to overhaul the existing
system o f examinations, it will not be possible to carrry out any
major reform or qualitative improvement, such as revision of
curricula, improvement of teaching and learning materials, or
adoption of im po rtant and dynamic methods of learning.
32
th e r e m a y n o t b e a n y p a r i ty b e tw e e n t h o s e s u b je c ts b e c a u s e so m e
m a y be h ig h s c o r in g a n d o th e r s less sc o r in g ) a r e to t a ll e d u p a n d
th e re s u lt w o r k e d o u t o n th e basis o f th e a g g re g a te . T h e r e is
h a r d l y a case w h e re a s t u d e n t offerin g su b je c ts w h ich a re c o n
s id e re d to be less s c o r in g is a b le to get h ig h e r a g g r e g a t e m a r k s
t h a n th e o n e w h o offers s u b je c ts like S a n s k r it a n d M a t h e m a t i c s
for h ig h e r S e c o n d a r y E x a m i n a t i o n . T h e c o n c e p t o f hig h s c o r in g
a n d low s c o r in g su b je c ts h a s th e r e fo re , to be given up. It only
lead s t o a n o m a l o u s s i tu a t io n s . A c a n d i d a t e g e tt in g 5 6 % a g
g re g a te m a r k s is r e g a r d e d t o d a y as s u p e r i o r to a c a n d i d a t e g e tt in g
5 5 . 9 % m a r k s irre sp e c tiv e o f th e n a t u r e o f th e su b je c t o ffered a n d
gets a d m i s s i o n to e i t h e r h ig h e r c o u rs e s o f s tu d y o r gets a c h a n c e
fo r b e in g in te rv ie w e d fo r a p o st. T h e P lan o f A c tio n o n E x a m i n a
t i o n R e f o r m , c ir c u la t e d by th e G o v e r n m e n t o f In d ia rece ntly ,
rig h tly p o in t s o u t t h a t th is k in d o f s i t u a t io n c a u se s a c o n s i d e r
ab le m e a s u r e o f f r u s t r a t i o n .
It a ls o p o in t s o u t t h a t th e 101 p o in t
scale o f m a r k i n g t o g e t h e r w ith th e a r b i t r a r y m i n i m u m fo r a first,
s e c o n d o r p ass class is scientifically u n s o u n d . T h e sy s tem w as
a d o p t e d w h e n o u r scientific k n o w le d g e a b o u t e x a m i n a t i o n s w as
i n a d e q u a t e . It is n o lo n g e r re le v a n t a n d is, in fact, d o i n g h a r m
to th e s t u d e n t p o p u l a t i o n .
A s is d o n e in several o t h e r c o u n tr ie s , th e s t u d e n t s will n o w
be given five G r a d e s : G r a d e 1: O u t s t a n d i n g , G r a d e 2: V e ry
G o o d , G r a d e 3: G o o d , G r a d e 4: F air, G r a d e 5: P o o r , o n th e
b asis o f scientific e v a l u a t i o n .
I n s te a d o f t o t a l l i n g u p th e m a r k s
o f d iffe re n t s u b jec ts, th e g r a d e s will be a w a r d e d s u b je c tw ise a n d
f a n y s t u d e n t w a n t s t o im p r o v e his g r a d e in a n y s u b je c t o r su b je c ts
he will be a llo w e d to d o so. T o d a y he is a s k e d t o re p e a t all th e
s u b je c ts
n o tw ith stan d in g
his
s a t is f a c to r y
perform ance
in
som e
o f t h e subjects. T h is in fact, is a r e f o r m w h ic h w a s lo n g o v e r d u e .
It w a s in 1966 t h a t th e E d u c a t i o n C o m m i s s i o n r e c o m m e n d e d
t h a t a s t u d e n t s h o u l d n o t b e b r a n d e d as a to t a l fa ilu re if he passes
in c e rt a in su b je c ts b u t is u n a b le t o m a k e th e g r a d e in oth ers. T h e r e
is n o r e a s o n w h y h e s h o u l d c a r r y w ith h im th e s t ig m a o f b e in g
d e c la re d a n u n su cce ssful c a n d i d a t e if he has p a rtia lly s u c c e e d e d
in his e d u c a t i o n a l effort.
T h e sy s tem o f g ra d in g , o f c o u rs e , raises an i m p o r t a n t q u e s tio n
as t o w h a t will be th e crite ria fo r a d m i s s i o n to h ig h e r c o u rs e s o f
s t u d y . T h e C e n t r a l B o a rd o f S e c o n d a r y E d u c a ti o n is seized
3;
Future Strategy
A n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t step in e x a m i n a t i o n re f o rm is i m p r o v i n g
its q u a lity . T h e C e n tr a l
B o a r d o f S e c o n d a r y E d u c a t i o n h as
t a k e n v a r i o u s m e a s u re s in th e p a s t su c h as t r a i n i n g o f p a p e r- se tte rs,
d o i n g a w a y w ith o verall o p t i o n s a n d i n t r o d u c i n g in t e r n a l o p ti o n s
in q u e s t io n p a p e r s so as to e li m i n a te selective s t u d y b y pupils,
i n t r o d u c i n g s h o r t a n s w e r q u e s t i o n s to h a v e a w id e c o v e r a g e o f
s y lla b u s, p ro v id in g m a r k i n g sc h e m e s to t h e e x a m i n e r s a n d th e
s t a n d a r d i s a t i o n o f scores etc. Several o t h e r m e a s u r e s a re in
th e offing. G r e a t e r e m p h a s is is bein g laid o n testin g a p p li c a ti o n
o f k n o w le d g e a n d u n d e r s ta n d in g . Q u e s ti o n b a n k s w ith s u itab le
test ite m s a re b eing set up in d ifferent su bje cts. S p e c im e n q u e s
t i o n p a p e r s fo r th e new S e c o n d a r y E x a m i n a t i o n a t t h e en d o f
C la s s X a r e also b ein g e n v is a g ed . T r a i n i n g o f p a p e r - s e t t e r s a n d
e x a m i n e r s will be f u r th e r s t r e n g th e n e d .
In
c e rta in su bjects,
c o n t i n u o u s e v a lu a tio n t h r o u g h in te rn a l a s s e s s m e n t h a s a ls o been
p ro v i d e d .
These and
m any
o t h e r c h a n g e s , w h ic h
h a v e b e en a c c e p te d
34
W H Y & H O W OF TH E N E W 10 + 2 PA T TE R N
OF SCH O O L E D U C A T IO N
it w as w ith th e a p p o i n t m e n t o f C a l c u t t a U n iv e rs ity C o m m i s s i o n
in 1917, p o p u l a r l y k n o w n as S a d le r C o m m i s s i o n , t h a t f o r th e
first t i m e th e id e a o f a n e d u c a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e f o r m e d a n i m p o r t a n t
p a r t o f d is c u s s io n . T h is c o m m i s s i o n r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t th e
d iv id in g line b e tw e e n th e U n iv e r s ity a n d s e c o n d a r y c o u rs e s s h o u l d
m o r e p r o p e r l y be d r a w n a t th e I n t e r m e d i a t e E x a m i n a t i o n r a t h e r
t h a n a t th e M a t r i c u l a t i o n . T h e C o m m i s s i o n d esire d th e G o v e r n
m e n t t o e s t a b li s h I n t e r m e d i a t e C o lleg es w h ich w o u ld p ro v i d e
in s tr u c t io n s in A rts . Science, M e d ic in e , E n g in e e r in g etc. A faint
r e - e c h o o f th is 58 y ea rs o ld id e a m a y be d is c e rn e d in th e p r o p o s e d
N e w P a t t e r n . T h e 30 y e ars b e tw e e n th e S a d le r C o m m i s s i o n
a n d th e i n d e p e n d e n c e , c h r o n i c le d sev eral r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s e m a n a
tin g f r o m v a r i o u s a c a d e m i c f o r u m s a n d w ere m a in ly i n t e n d e d
to a n s w e r th e t h e n e x is tin g n eed s a n d fo r w elfare o f the m asses.
T h e H a r t o g C o m m i t t e e in 1929 r e c o m m e n d e d th e b r a n c h i n g o f f
o f m o r e s t u d e n t s in t o in d u s tr i a l a n d c o m m e r c i a l c h a n n e l s a t the
e n d o f th e m i d d le stage. T h e S a p r u C o m m i t t e e in 1934 r e c o m
m e n d e d diversified c o u rs e s a t th e s e c o n d a r y sta g e o n e fo r e n te r in g
t h e U n iv e r s ity a n d th e o t h e r f o r g e tt in g in to th e V o c a tio n a l
stream .
The
U n iv e rs ity
E d u c a ti o n
C o m m issio n
(1 948-49). th e first
i d u c a t i o n C o m m i s s i o n in i n d e p e n d e n t I n d i a , t h o u g h t it u n f o r
t u n a t e t h a t t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f I n t e r m e d i a t e C o lle g e in e d u c a t i o n a l
s y s te m o f I n d i a h a d n o t b e e n re alise d a n d r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t
th e a d m i s s i o n t o th e u n iv ersity s h o u l d be p r e c e d e d by 12 y e a r s
o f sc h o o lin g . T h e o b jectiv e w a s to raise th e s t a n d a r d o f U n iv e rs ity
E d u catio n .
T h e C o n f e r e n c e o f V ic e - C h a n c e l lo r s (1962), th e All In d ia C o u n c il
fo r S e c o n d a r y E d u c a t i o n (1963), th e C o n f e r e n c e o f S ta t e E d u c a t i o n
M i n is t e rs (1 9 6 4 ) all r e c o m m e n d e d a 1 2 - y e a r c o u r s e o f s c h o o l in g
b e fo r e a d m i s s i o n t o a 3 - y e a r d e g r e e c o u r s e , as th e g o al t o w a r d s
w h ic h th e c o u n t r y m u s t m o v e .
35
t o p r e p a r e a s t u d e n t fo r th e U n iv e rs ity , o r
(2)
t o b e c o m e te r m i n a l
v o c a ti o n in life.
and
prepare
student
secondary
for
so m e
R e a lis in g t h a t th e t o t a l p e r i o d o f e d u c a t i o n a n d th e d u r a t i o n
o f its d if fe re n t sta g e s h a v e a d ir e c t b e a r i n g o n t h e q u a l i t y o f
e d u c a t i o n i m p a r t e d f o r a c h ie v in g th e g o al, t h e
E ducation
C o m m issio n re c o m m e n d e d :
(1)
B ro a d ly u n i f o r m p a t t e r n o f e d u c a t i o n ;
(2)
E x te n s i o n in th e to t a l p e r i o d o f s c h o o l in g t o b r i n g a b o u t
a g e n e ra l rise in th e s t a n d a r d s o f a t t a i n m e n t ; a n d
(3)
V o c a tio n a lis a ti o n o f e d u c a t io n .
36
uniform
p attern
of
sch o o l
and
C o lle g e
(1)
A u n if o r m p a t t e r n o f e d u c a t i o n o f 15 y e a r s d u r a t i o n ,
le a d i n g to th e first d e g re e , s h o u l d be a d o p t e d by all t h e
States.
(2)
T h e r e s h o u l d be v ery close c o - o r d i n a t i o n b e tw e e n th e
v o c a t i o n a l c o u r s e s a t t a c h e d to th e h ig h e r s e c o n d a r y
stag e, th e In d u s tr i a l T r a i n i n g I n s tit u te s a n d th e P o l y
te ch n ic s. C o u r s e s selected s h o u l d h a v e close affinity t o
th e skills a n d services in d e m a n d in th e lo cality. T h i s
will in v o lv e m a n - p o w e r s t u d ie s a n d p r o d u c t i o n c e n t r e s
as well as fin a n c in g o f th e skilled p e r s o n n e l on c o
o p e r a t i v e o r in s t i t u t i o n a l p a t t e r n fo r s e l f - e m p lo y m e n t o r
e m p l o y m e n t in p r o d u c t i o n ce n tre s.
(3)
T h e sc h e m e o f V o c a t i o n a l i s a t i o n o f E d u c a t i o n as well
as w o r k e x p e rie n c e d eserv es th e h ig h e s t p r i o r i t y in t h e
P la n a n d s h o u l d be a ss iste d fully.
(4)
V o c a tio n a l c o u rs e s p re s c rib e d in th e I n s t i t u t i o n s w o u ld
n e e d c o n s t a n t review a n d r e p l a c e m e n t as te c h n o l o g y ,
m a t e r i a ls a n d d e m a n d s c h a n g e . T h e y w o u ld h a v e to
k e e p p a c e w ith d e v e l o p m e n t o f local in d u s tr i e s a ls o ,
37
p a r t ic u l a r ly
in d u s tr i e s .
th e
sm all
scale,
c o tt a g e
and
consum er
T h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s o f th e
C o n f e r e n c e o f th e
E du catio n
S e c re ta rie s a n d D ir e c t o r s o f P u b lic I n s t r u c t i o n w ere e n d o r s e d
by t h e C e n t r a l A d v is o r y B o a r d o f E d u c a t i o n in its 3 6 th sessio n
h eld o n 18th a n d 19th S e p te m b e r , 1972, in N e w D elh i.
A l m o s t s i m u l ta n e o u s l y th e G o v e r n m e n t o f In d ia , M i n is t r y o f
E d u c a ti o n a n d S o cial W e lf a re a p p o i n t e d a N a t i o n a l C o m m i t t e e
u n d e r th e c h a i r m a n s h i p o f D r . P. D. S h u k la . w ith t h e f o llo w in g
t e r m s o f re fe re n c e ;
T o sug gest p ia c t ic a l step s to b e t a k e n fo r t h e i m p l e m e n
t a t i o n o f th e u n i f o r m p a t t e r n o f 10 + 2 + 3 fo r th e sc h o o l
a n d co llege classes in all S ta te s a n d U n i o n T e r r i t o r i e s o f
t h e c o u n tr y .
(2)
T o e s t im a te th e co st o f im p l e m e n t i n g th e p r o g r a m m e .
38
(1)
It will p r o v i d e a n o p p o r t u n i t y a n d a m e a n s to re-vitalize
a n d ra t io n a l iz e sc h o o l c u r r ic u l a a n d t o s t r u c t u r e t h e m
o n m o r e scientific lines so as to serv e th e social a n d
e c o n o m i c n e e d s o f th e a d o le s c e n t in a b e t t e r m a n n e r .
(2)
It will h e lp in itia te o t h e r e d u c a t i o n a l r e f o r m s su c h as
m o d e r n i z a t i o n o f t e a c h in g m e t h o d s a n d e v a l u a t i o n
te c h n i q u e s , e ss e n tia l t o raise th e g e n e ra l s t a n d a r d a n d
q u a li ty o f e d u c a t i o n , p a r t ic u l a r ly a t t h e sch o o l stage.
(3)
A b r o a d l y u n if o r m p a t t e r n in all S ta tes a n d
U n io n
T e r r i to r ie s will facilitate th e B o a rd t o s h a r e its r e s o u r c e s
a n d e x p e rie n c e w ith o t h e r su c h b od ies, in th e a r e a s o f
p r o d u c t i o n o f b o o k s a n d re a d i n g m a t e r i a ls , t e a c h i n g aid s,
tr a i n i n g o f t e a c h e r s a n d th e i r m o v e m e n t , r e c o n s t r u c t i o n
o f syllabi a n d i m p r o v e m e n t in e x a m i n a t i o n p ractices .
(4)
(3)
T h e im p r o v e d a c a d e m i c a n J in te lle c tu a l e q u i p m e n t o f
th e s t u d e n t will p r o v i d e h im w ith an ed ge t o face th e
c h allen g e s o f m o d e r n life.
(6)
A b r o a d l y u n if o r m p a t t e r n o f e d u c a t i o n all
c o u n t r y will s t r e n g th e n n a t i o n a l i n t e g r a t io n .
over
th e
(7)
It will r e m o v e difficulties in th e m a t t e r o f e d u c a t i o n o f
c h ild re n o f th e m o b i le p o p u l a t i o n , t o w h ich th is B o a r d
specially cate rs.
(8)
F r o m w h a t h a s been d e ta ile d h e r e t o f o r e it is a p p a r e n t t h a t th is
c h a n g e h a s b e e n lo n g o v e r d u e t o give a n e w d ir e c ti o n t o e d u c a t i o n
39
A few o f th e sa lie n t fe a tu re s
of
th e
n ew
courses
a re
(1)
T h e y p ro v i d e a c o m p r e h e n s i v e g e n e r a l e d u c a t io n
w o r k e x p e ri e n c e as a n in te g ra l c o m p o n e n t .
w ith
(2)
Science a n d M a t h e m a t i c s , f o r m e r l y d e n ie d to a l m o s t
5 0 % o f th e s t u d e n ts , a re n o w a v a il a b le to every s t u d e n t,
w h ich a r e so essential fo r th e d a y - t o - d a y life in th e
e x is tin g c o n te x t.
(3)
m e n t io n e d b e l o w :
An education
for multi-sided growth
(4)
They
a im
at
op tim u m
re lev anc e
to
the
c u rre n t
life
s i tu a t io n .
(5)
T h r o u g h c o m m u n i t y service, a sense o f in v o lv em e n t in
n a t i o n a l r e c o n s t r u c t i o n is p l a n n e d to be g e n e ra te d in th e
stu d e n t.
(6)
W o r k e x p e ri e n c e m a k e s l e a r n in g p o ss ib le by the use o f
h a n d a n d p a v e th e w ay fo r v o c a t i o n a l e d u c a t io n at
th e
(7)
s u b s e q u e n t stage.
T h e s e a i m at th e d e v e lo p m e n t ot th e s t u d e n t u p to the
stage w h e n he c a n successfully b r a n c h o ff into th e
a c a d e m i c s t r e a m o r th e v o c a ti o n a l c h a n n e l in a c c o r d a n c e
with his a p t i t u d e .
40
I n t e r n a l A s s e s s m e n t a l o n g w ith e x t e r n a l e x a m i n a t i o n .
S y s te m o f G r a d i n g in s te a d o f m a r k s .
S t a n d a r d i s a t i o n o f r a w scores.
Q u e s t i o n B an k s.
I m p r o v i n g q u a li ty o f q u e s t i o n p a p e r s .
Im p ro v in g e v alu a tio n procedures.
(2)
T o f u r t h e r s t r e n g t h e n t h e s y lla b u se s a n d e x p li c a te t h e m
in m o r e o p e r a t i o n a l t e r m s t h e B o a r d u n d e r t o o k t o p r e
p a r e q u a l i t y t e x t b o o k s fo r t h e s u b j e c ts o f E n g lish , H in d i,
S a n s k r i t , P u n j a b i , E c o n o m i c s a n d C iv ics, w hile N a t i o n a l
C ouncil o f E d u catio n al R esearch & T ra in in g prep ared
t h o s e f o r M a t h e m a t i c s . Phy sics. C h e m i s t r y , Life Sciences,
H i s t o r y & G e o g r a p h y ; t h u s c o v e r i n g all t h e c o m p u l s o r y
s u b j e c ts laid d o w n in t h e s c h e m e .
In t h i s v e n t u r e h elp
o f o t h e r e x p e r t a g e n c ie s like C e n t r a l I n s t i t u t e o f E n g lish ,
H y d e r a b a d a n d D i r e c t o r a t e o f E d u c a t i o n , D e lh i w a s
a ls o s e c u r e d t o h a v e b o o k s o n i m p r o v e d lines.
(3)
B esides e n s u r i n g q u a li ty , a set o f n e w t e x t b o o k s fo r
classes IX a n d X n o w c o sts o n ly a b o u t R s. 6 0 / - as
a g a i n s t Rs. 150/- t o R s. 190/- e a r l ie r f o r th e h ig h e r
S e c o n d a r y classes.
41
(4)
Science e q u i p m e n t a n d w o r k e x p e r i e n c e m a t e r i a l s w o r t h
R s. 2 0 l a k h s h a v e b e e n m a d e a v a i l a b l e t o t h e sc h o o ls
d u r i n g 1974-75. F u n d s t o th e t u n e o f R s . 30 la k h s a re
p l a n n e d to be in v e s te d in v a r i o u s i n p u t s d u r i n g 1975-76.
(5)
T h e successful i n t r o d u c t i o n o f th e n e w p a t t e r n p ri m a ri ly
d e p e n d s o n t h e ti m e l y o r i e n t a t i o n o f te a c h e r s in th e
p h i l o s o p h y a n d c o n t e n t s o f new c o u rs e s . T h is s u m m e r
v a c a t io n , a b o u t 5000 t e a c h e r s o f t h e m e m b e r - s c h o o ls
o f t h e B o a r d w e re p r o v i d e d in-service t r a i n i n g t h r o u g h
S u m m e r I n s tit u te s o f 2 w e e k s t o o n e m o n t h d u r a t io n .
T h e s e in s ti tu t e s w e re o r g a n i s e d n o t o n ly in D elhi bu t
in d if fe re n t p a r t s o f I n d i a a lso.
t h a t th ese
a re
Some Clarifications
T h e n e w s c h e m e h a s b e en well re c e iv e d in th e field. S o m e d o u b t s
h o w e v e r , still p ersist. S o m e o f th e c o m m o n q u e r i e s a n d a n sw e rs
th e r e t o a r e listed b e l o w :
Q.
A.
42
1.
W h y a g e n e ra l c o u r s e o f s tu d ie s ?
In t h e i r f o r m a ti v e y e a r s it is n e c e ss a ry t h a t th e s t u d e n ts
g et o p p o r t u n i t y fo r b a l a n c e d g r o w t h i.e. th e y d e v e lo p
in te lle c tu a lly , p h y sic a lly a n d e m o t i o n a l l y to t h e o p t i m u m .
D iv e rs ific a tio n a t th is t e n d e r age n o t o n ly lead s to lo p
sided d e v e l o p m e n t b u t fails t o give a s o u n d base fo r
sp ecia lised e d u c a t i o n in la ter life. V a r io u s N a tio n a l
C o m m i s s i o n s a n d b o d ie s w ere th e r e f o r e , u n a n i m o u s l y
o f th e o p i n i o n t h a t g en era l e d u c a t i o n s h o u l d be e x te n d e d
u p t o class X to be follo w ed by diversified e d u c a t i o n . It
is w ith this b r o a d p u r p o s e in view t h a t th e B o a r d h as
p r o v i d e d a c o re sy llab u s c o v e rin g c o m p u l s o r y s t u d y o f
l a n g u a g e s. Sciences, M a t h e m a t i c s , a n d S o cial Sciences.
F o r g a in i n g a c e rt a in m i n i m u m s t a n d a r d o f p roficie ncy
in o t h e r facets, c o m p u l s o r y s tu d y o f a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n
in P h y sic a l a n d H e a lth E d u c a ti o n , C o m m u n i t y Service
etc., h a v e been p re s c rib e d in th e c u rr ic u la .
Q.
2..
A.
N o p ro v i s io n f o r c h a r a c t e r b u ild in g a n d d is c ip lin e h as
been m a d e in the syllabi.
T h e w h o le e d u c a t i o n sy stem a im s a t c h a r a c t e r b u ild in g
o f w h ic h p e rs o n a l, m o r a l a n d social d is cip lin es fo r m
essential c o m p o n e n t s . T h e se h av e been in -b u ilt in th e
syllabi.
M o r e o v e r , C o m m u n i t y service p r o v i d e s yet
a n o t h e r o p p o r t u n i t y to c u ltiv a te these q u alities.
Q.
3.
A.
Q.
-4.
A.
in
ch e ck .
The
s c h o o ls
are
however
free
to re -a llo c a te th e p e r i o d s a c c o r d i n g to th e i r re q u i r e m e n ts .
Q.
5.
S tep s f o r p r o v i d in g
w o r k s h o p a t the
D i s t r ic t level f o r
w o r k e x p e rie n c e p r o g r a m m e as p r o v i d e d u n d e r ru le
12 o f th e D elhi S c h o o l E d u c a ti o n R u le s 1973, h a v e n o t
been ta k e n .
A.
A r r a n g e m e n t s a r e in h a n d to p ro v i d e su c h a W o r k s h o p
a t th e D istric t level. S tep s a re a lso b e in g t a k e n t o get
th e c o o p e r a t i o n o f th e in d u s tr y in th e n e i g h b o u r h o o d to
p ro v i d e p ra ctical e x p erien ce .
W h y C B S E is im p le m e n ti n g n ew p a t t e r n w h e n n o decision
in this respect h a s b een t a k e n in th e n e i g h b o u r i n g S ta te s ?
T h is is a lo n g o v e r d u e re f o rm in e d u c a t i o n a s r e c o m
m e n d e d by th e E d u c a ti o n C o m m i s s i o n , C e n t r a l A d v is o r y
B o a rd o f E d u c a ti o n a n d is in line w ith N a t i o n a l Policy
o n E d u c a ti o n . C e rta i n o t h e r sta te s h a v e in itia te d actio n
in th is re g a r d . T h e C e n tr a l B o a r d o f S e c o n d a r y E d u
c a ti o n a n d
v a n g u a r d o f e d u c a t i o n a l in n o v a t i o n s . It is in fitness o f
th i n g s th a t th is tim e a ls o t h e lead is a g a i n given by it,
especially w h en th e u sefulness o f the c h a n g e h a s been
clearly re c o g n ise d in n u m e r o u s a c a d e m i c f o r u m s .
P ro v is io n o f 3 p e rio d s p e r w eek f o r H e a l t h a n d Physical
E d u c a ti o n
in d icate s t h a t
th e s y lla b u s is ideal
but not
practicab le.
T h is h as been d o n e a ft e r a t h o r o u g h c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f all
aspects.
T h e B o a rd has a n o p e n m i n d a n d a c tu a l class
r o o m exp erien ce c a n be a g u id e f o r s u b s e q u e n t i m p r o v e
m ents.
C o n f e r e n c e s / D is c u s s io n s
m ay
be
arranged
P rin c ip a ls / T e a c h e r s / S t u d e n t s / P a re n ts
to
w ith
rem ove
the
th e ir
a p p r e h e n s i o n s a b o u t i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f th e n ew p a tt e r n .
A c tio n in th is r e g a r d h as a lr e a d y b een t a k e n a t v a rio u s
levels a n d f u r t h e r a c tio n is in view. A sc o r e o f s e m in a r s
fo r p a r e n t s a n d s t u d e n ts h ave b ee n o r g a n i z e d in D elhi
fo llow ed by sim ila r se m in a rs in o t h e r p a r t s o f th e c o u n tr y .
Will e m p l o y m e n t o p p o r t u n i t i e s be p ro v i d e d to s t u d e n ts
w h o p a ss class X / X I I ?
T h e new s y lla b u s a im s at e n h a n c i n g the c a p a b i lit y
of
th e s t u d e n t t o e n t e r in to th e w o rld o f w o r k a n d to b e c o m e
self-reliant. T h e N a t i o n a l g o v e r n m e n t is seized w ith th e
p r o b l e m o f in c re a sin g e m p l o y m e n t o p p o r t u n i t i e s w h ic h
falls o u ts id e th e s c o p e o f th e B o a rd .
S c h e m e o f e x a m i n a t i o n p ro v id e s f o r in t e r n a l a ss e ssm e n t.
A r e we a d e q u a t e ly e q u ip p e d fo r th e s a m e ?
In te rn a l a s s e s s m e n t is c o n fin ed t o th e t h i r d la n g u a g e ,
w o rk -e x p e rie n c e , c o m m u n i t y serv ice a n d H e a l t h a n d
P h y s ic a l E d u c a t i o n w h ic h is o p e n f o r in s p e c ti o n b y th e
C e n t r a l B o a r d o f S e c o n d a r y E d u c a t i o n . T h is in fa c t,
m a r k s th e first s t e p t o w a r d s e q u i p p i n g th e t e a c h e r to
assess th e p u p i l s g r o w t h , b e t t e r a n d m o r e ob jectivelyQ . 11.
W h y M o d e r n M a t h e m a t i c s h a s b e e n left o u t o f th e n ew
s c h e m e o f s t u d ie s ?
A.
T h is is n o t so. O n th e o t h e r h a n d
h a v e b een a d d e d .
Q . 12.
T h e in te re s t
safeguarded.
A.
T h is is n o t so.
of
th e
village
s o m e n e w to p ic s
s t u d e n ts
has
not
b een
U n d e r th e n ew p a t t e r n , a g o o d n u m b e r
A.
13.
fo r
to th e s t u d e n t h im s e l f /h e r s e lf s u itin g in d i v id u a l a p ti tu d e s .
45
APPENDIX A
THE NEW PATTERN AT A GLANCE
I n o r d e r t o link e d u c a t i o n w ith p r o d u c t i v i t y w h ic h is th e need
o f t o d a y a n d to im p r o v e th e q u a li ty o f e d u c a t i o n , th e I n d ia n
E du catio n C o m m issio n
(1 964-66) r e c o m m e n d e d
e d u c a t io n a l
r e c o n s t r u c t i o n by i n t r o d u c i n g a b r o a d l y u n if o r m p a t t e r n o f 10 4- 2 4 3
t h r o u g h o u t th e c o u n t r y a n d r e o r g a n is i n g c u rr ic u l a a t all stag es o f
e d u c a t i o n . T h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n w as a c c e p t e d b y G o v e r n m e n t
o f I n d i a vide its N a t i o n a l P o licy o n E d u c a t i o n (1968).
It received
f u r t h e r m a n d a t e f r o m All In d i a f o r u m s su c h as t h e C o n fe re n c e
o f E d u c a t i o n S ec re ta rie s a n d D ir e c t o r s o f E d u c a ti o n , C o n f e r e n c e
o f th e C h i e f M i n is te rs a n d E d u c a ti o n M in iste rs o f th e S tates, th e
In te r U n iv e rs ity B o a r d a n d th e C o n f e r e n c e o f th e B o a r d s
of
S e c o n d a r y E d u c a t i o n in Ind ia. T h e
C e n t r a l A d v i s o r y B o a rd
o f E d u c a t i o n t o o e n d o r s e d th e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n in S e p t e m b e r 1972
a n d r e ite r a te d it in its m e e tin g held in D elhi.
2.
A c c o r d in g l y , th e C e n t r a l B o a rd d e c id e d t o i n t r o d u c e
t h e n e w p a t t e r n o f E d u c a t i o n in class IX f r o m th e a c a d e
m ic sessio n b e g in n i n g 1st M a y , 1975. U n d e r th e n ew
s c h e m e tw o d is tin c t stages h a v e been visualised , o n e u p to
class X a n d th e o t h e r u p t o class X II, b o th f o r m in g p a r t
o f th e sc h o o l e d u c a t io n .
3.
Important Features
4.
T h e n e w c u r r i c u l u m fo r classes IX a n d X, t h u s en v is a g e s
a c o m p r e h e n s i v e co u rs e o f G e n e ra l E d u c a t i o n w ith
p ro v i s io n fo r w o r k exp erie nce . W hile p r o v i d i n g this
c o u r s e tw o i m p o r t a n t facto rs h ave been p r o m i n e n t :
4b
(i)
O n c o m p l e t i o n o f th e s e c o n d a r y stag e s o m e s t u d e n ts
m i g h t leave th e sc h o o l a n d e n t e r in to th e w o rld o f
w ork;
(ii)
B o a rd
w h e re they c o u ld
o p t f o r a c a d e m i c / v o c a t i o n a l co u rses.
T h e s e c o n d a r y stag e t h u s will be t e r m i n a l for so m e
a n d p r e p a r a t o r y f o r h ig h e r stu d ie s f o r o th e r s . T h e new
c o u rs e s h av e been d e sig n e d to m e e t th es e t w o r e q u i r e
m e n ts . T h e c o u rs e s a r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e in c o v e r a g e a n d
a c q u a i n t th e s t u d e n t s w ith t h e e s s e n tia l d e ta ils o f th e
f u n d a m e n t a l s t o b u il d
c o u r s e o f a c tio n .
a su ita b le
bae
fo r t h e
future
Harmonious Development
5.
A s r e c o m m e n d e d by th e E d u c a ti o n C o m m is s io n a m i n i
m u m essential c o re o f k n o w le d g e , fo r p r o m o t i o n o f
intellectu al ca p a c itie s , h a s been p r o v i d e d by w a y o f
t e a c h in g su b jects like lan g u a g e s. M a t h e m a t ic s . Sciences
a n d Social Sciences.
For
fuller d e v e lo p m e n t o f the
physical, e m o t i o n a l a n d o t h e r asp e c ts o f th e pup il s
p e rs o n a lity , p ro v i s io n h a s been m a d e f o r w o rk experience,/
c o m m u n i t y service, h e a lth a n d p hysical e d u c a t i o n a n d
o t h e r activites.
6.
T h e go als o f n a ti o n a l i n t e g ra t io n , tr a in i n g fo r d e :"
c ratic living, c o o p e ra t iv e n e s s , c u ltu ra l a n d re i
to l e ra n c e h a v e b een d u ly e m p h a s is e d in th e c o u r s e s o f
la n g u a g e s a n d social sciences a n d find a m p l e s c o p e in
C o m m u n i t y Service.
T h e c o n te n t s w h ich h a v e g o n e in to th e sy lla b u s e s o f
th es e su b jects a r e f o r w a r d lo o k in g . I m p o r t a n t d e v e l o p
m e n t s in th e respe ctiv e a re a s h a v e been i n c o r p o r a t e d
a n d th e d e a d w o o d h a s b een e li m i n a te d f o r m o d e r n i s a
tio n . Stress h a s been laid on re cen t scientific, t e c h n o l o
gical, social a n d e c o n o m i c d e v e lo p m e n ts in scien ces a n d
social sciences. T o b r o a d e n th e o u tl o o k , d e v e l o p m e n t s
in o th e r p a r t s of th e w o r ld t o o h a v e b e e n p u t in p r o p e r
li m e-lig h t w hile c h a n g e s o n th e n a ti o n a l scene receive
greater im portance.
Work Experience
9.
A significant f e a t u re o f th e new c o u r s e is t o p r o v i d e
o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o s t u d e n t s to be p r o d u c t iv e a n d selfreliant. W it h th e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f w o rk '.ex p erien ce a step
in th e d ir e c ti o n o f in c u l c a ti n g rig h t a t t it u d e s t o w a r d s w o r k
h a s b een ta k e n . A larg e n u m b e r o f w o r k ex p e rie n c e s
h a v e b een i n c l u d e d in th e c u r r ic u l u m to s u it th e ta s te s
o f th e s t u d e n t s a n d r e s o u rc e s o f th e
s c h o o ls. T h e
i m p o r t a n t a r e a s t o w h ic h w o r k e x p erien ce s r e la te a re
E n g in e erin g , A g ric u l tu re , D o m e s t i c Science, C o m m e r c e ,
F in e A rts a n d o t h e r t r a d e s w h ic h h a v e g re a t u tility in
d o m e s ti c a n d o t h e r a r e a s o f w o rk .
Community Service
10.
48
T h e e n tire r e s t r u c t u r i n g is o n ly a first s te p t o w a r d s m a k
in g e d u c a t io n a p ro ce ss fo r fuller d e v e lo p m e n t (s e lfre alisa tio n ). T h o u g h f o r w a r d lo o k i n g in n a t u r e the
sc h e m e is n o t a ra d ic a l d e p a r t u r e fr o m the old o n e as th e
n ew syllabi a n d c o u rs e s base th e ir f o u n d a t i o n s o n the
old c o n c e p t s a n d k n o w le d g e w h ich a re fa m ilia r t o th e
te a c h e rs a n d th e ta u g h t .
It c a n be c h a ra c te ris e d as a
sy nth esis o f w h a t w a s g o o d in th e old sc h e m e w ith th e
d e m a n d s o f th e c h a n g in g w o rld . In th e t r a d i t i o n a l
a re a s it e m p h a s is e s f u n c t io n a l k n o w le d g e ; o n th e o t h e r
h a n d , in n o n - t r a d i t i o n a l a r e a s it stresses w o r k - o r i e n t e d
e d u c a t i o n so as to m a k e th e e x p e rie n c e o f t h e s t u d e n ts
m o r e m e a n in g fu l a n d relev an t to life.
Specific Objectives
12.
T h e e d u c a t io n in classes IX
fo llo w in g specific o u t c o m e s :
a n d X is
a im e d
at
th e
(i) T o p ro v id e a c o re o f k n o w le d g e so as to c re a t e a
g e n e ra l b ase w h ich w o u ld e n a b le p u p ils t o u n d e r t a k e
w o r k o r p u r s u e f u r t h e r s t u d ie s a c a d e m ic o r v o c a
tio n a l, b o t h f o r m a l a n d n o n - f o r m a l .
(ii) T o p r o m o t e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f facts a n d a p p r e c i a t i o n
o f f u n d a m e n t a l c o n c e p t s o f basic law s o f N a t u r e a n d
th e ir o p e r a t i o n s a n d a ls o to in t r o d u c e th e s t u d e n t s
to th e m e t h o d o l o g y o f a p p ly i n g su c h k n o w le d g e
to th e so lv in g o f e v e ry d a y p r o b l e m s in a scientific
m anner,
(iii) T o p r o m o t e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f m a n a n d his e n v i r o n
m e n t ; ph ysical, h is to rica l, social, p o litical a n d e c o
n o m i c , w ith special reference to I n d i a a n d its i n s t i t u
tion s.
(iv) T o im b ib e in th e s t u d e n ts h a b it to w o r k a n d d e v e lo p
a sense o f d ig n i ty o f la b o u r .
49
(v) T o e n a b le
a p titu d e s .
students
to d is c o v e r
ih eir in te re s ts a n d
In a c c o r d a n c e w ith th e sp irit o f th e c u r r i c u l u m th e
s c h e m e o f e v a l u a t i o n a n d a s s e s s m e n t h a s been m o d e r
n ized a n d sim plified w ith th e d u a l p u r p o s e in m i n d i.e.
to i m p r o v e b o t h th e q u a l i t y o f te s tin g a n d th e s t a n d a r d s
o f te a c h in g . T h e p a t t e r n o f
t h e f o llo w in g im p r o v e m e n t s :
ex am in atio n
e n v is a g e s
(i)
C o n t i n u o u s e v a l u a t i o n o f the s t u d e n t 's g r o w t h by
th e t e a c h e r s th e m s e lv e s h a s b e e n p r o v i d e d in c e rta in
areas.
Besides b e in g c o n t i n u o u s th e a s s e ssm e n t
will be in t e r n a l in re s p e c t o f th e t h i r d la n g u a g e ,
w o r k e x p e rie n c e , c o m m u n i t y service, h e a lt h a n d
p hy sical e d u c a t i o n .
In these a re a s th e stress will
be o n p r o m o t i n g in t e re s t s a n d g r o w t h o f the s t u d e n t s
r a t h e r t h a n certify in g th e i r a c h ie v e m e n t a t th is stage.
(ii)
T h e results will be d e c la r e d in t e r m s o f g ra d e s o n
a fiv e -p o in t scale in s te a d o f m a r k s a n d d iv isio n s a s
in th e p a st. A t th e e n d o f S e c o n d a r y S c h o o l E x a
m i n a t i o n , su b je c tw ise g ra d e s will
be
aw arded.
H e n c e th e p ra c t ic e o f a d d i n g u p m a r k s o f d iffe re n t
s u b je c ts a n d giv in g a single c u m u l a t i v e d ivisio n
h a s b e e n d o n e a w a y w ith. U n d e r th is sc h e m e n o
c a n d i d a t e will be d e c la re d p a ss o r fail. It is h o p e d
t h a t th is s ig n ific a n t c h a n g e in th e sy s te m o f e x a m i n a
tio n will h e lp th e s t u d e n ts a n d te a c h e r s to id en tify
in te re s ts a n d o p p o r t u n i t i e s a n d h e lp th e s t u d e n ts
in c h o o s i n g th e i r c a re e r s w i t h o u t b e in g affected
b y th e a c h ie v e m e n ts in o t h e r s u b je c t areas. T h is
w o u ld als o c r e a t e a sen se o f o p t i m i s m a m o n g th e
s t u d e n t s a n d e n c o u r a g e t h e m to find th e ir o w n
p la ce in th e so ciety in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h th e ir s u i t a
bility r a t h e r t h a n b e in g s tig m a tiz e d as fail.
50
[.SCHEM E OF STUDIES
T h e f o llo w in g a r e th e su b je c ts o f s t u d y f o r classes IX & X
u n d e r th e n ew 10 y ea rs p a t t e i n o f sc h o o l e d u c a t i o n :
( I ) & (2) T w o L a n g u a g e s :
H in d i, E ng lish, A s s a m e s e , B engali, G u j a r a t i , K a n n a d a ,
M a r a t h i , M a l a y a l a m , M a n i p u r i , O riy a , P u n ja b i , S in d h i,
T a m il, T e lu g u , U r d u , S a n s k r it. F r e n c h , G e r m a n , R u s s ia n ,
A ra b ic , P ers ian , N e p a li, P o r t u g u e s e a n d T ib e t a n .
(3)
M ath em atics
(4)
(a) Physics
(b) C h e m i s tr y
(c) Life Sciences
(5)
(a)
(b)
(6)
H is t o r y & C ivics
G eo g ra p h y , E conom ics & C o m m erce
L ist o f W o r k E x p e rie n c e s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
E lectric G a d g e ts , th e i r servicing a n d m a i n t e n a n c e
E le c t ro n ic s :
R ad io M echanism
Basic E n g in e e r in g : C r a f t S tu d ie s ( M e c h a n ic a l )
B asic E n g in e e r in g : C r a f t S tu d ie s ( W o o d W o r k )
A griculture (C ro p P ro d u ctio n )
G ard en in g
H o rticulture
Seed P r o d u c t i o n
D a iry F a r m i n g
P oultry
B ee-k e ep in g
S e ric u ltu re
L ac C u l t u r e
F is h e ry
51
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
N .B
52
B a k e ry a n d C o n fe c ti o n e ry
B ook C raft
L e a th e r W o r k
P a p e r C r a f t a n d P a p ie r M a c h e
C ia y M o d e l li n g a n d P a p ie r M a c h e
P o tt e r y
C o m m ercial A rt
D e s ig n in g D y e in g & P rin tin g
S c u lp tu re
M u s ic (V oca l)
M u s ic (M e lo d ic I n s tru m e n ts )
M u s ic ( P e r c u s s io n In s tr u m e n ts )
M a i n t e n a n c e & R e p a i r o f M u sic al I n s t r u m e n t
C re a tiv e D a n c e
T h e a tre Craft
P u p p e tr y
T ailoring an d E m broidery
M e a l P la n n in g , P r e p a r a t i o n a n d P re s e rv a tio n
B lock P rin tin g , Tie a n d Dye
M a i n t e n a n c e a n d R e p a i r o f H o u s e h o ld G a d g e t
D o m e s t i c Science
T oy-m aking
T y p e w r i t i n g E nglish
T y p e w r iti n g H in d i
P h o to g rap h y
P r i n ti n g
P lastics
M asonry W ork
M a n u fa c tu re o f S ports G o o d s
S pinning & W eaving
B a ti k W o r k
N ursing
C hild C are
F ir s t A id
L i b r a r y Science
(7)
H e a lth a n d P h y sical E d u c a ti o n
(8)
A d d iti o n a l la n g u a g e ( o p t io n a l )
(P lease see f o o t n o t e (iii) below )
(i)
It is e x p e c te d t h a t all th e s t u d e n ts w o u ld h a v e
stu d ied th r e e la n g u a g e s u p to class V III. T h o s e
s tu d e n ts w h o c o u ld n o t c lea r th e th i r d la n g u a g e
in class V III, a n d have been p r o m o t e d to class IX
shall be e x a m i n e d by th e sc h o o ls c o n c e r n e d a t th e
end o f class IX in th e sa m e sy lla b u s a n d t e x t b o o k s
as a re p re s c rib e d fo r class V III. T h o s e w h o a re
still u n a b le t o c le a r th e th ird la n g u a g e a t the en d
N o te s
o f class IX m a y be given a n o t h e r o p p o r t u n i t y in
class X. N o s t u d e n t shall be eligible to a p p e a r at
the S e c o n d a r y S c h o o l E x a m i n a t i o n o f th e B o a r d
a t the e n d o f class X unless he h a s c le a re d th e th i r d
la nguage .
(ii)
O f th e th r e e la n g u a g e s t o be offered, as s ta te d a b o v e ,
H in d i a n d E n g lish s h o u l d h a v e b een s t u d ie d a t least
u p to class V III.
(iii)
A c a n d i d a t e is a ls o p e r m it te d , if he w ishes, to offer
a n a d d it io n a l l a n g u a g e f r o m th e fo llo w in g p r o v i d e d
it is differen t f r o m th o s e offered u n d e r th e c o m p u l s o r y
group:
H in d i, E n glish , A s s a m e s e , B engali, G u j a r a t i ,
K a n n a d a , M arath i,
M alay alam ,
M an ip u ri,
O riy a , P u n ja b i , S ind hi, T a m il, T e lu g u , U r d u ,
S a n s k r i t , F re n c h , G e r m a n , R u s s i a n , A r a b ic ,
P e rs ia n , N e p a li, P o r t u g u e s e a n d T ib e t a n .
(iv)
U n d e r th e c o m p u l s o r y la n g u a g e s, H i n d i a n d E n g lish
p ro v id e t w o k in d s o f c o u rs e s e a c h , t o m e e t th e n e e d s
o f th e s t u d e n ts h a v in g v a ry i n g b a c k g r o u n d o f s t u d y
in g th e s e la n g u a g e s. A s t u d e n t m a y c h o o s e E n g lish
C o u r s e A o r B a n d H in d i C o u r s e A o r B. H e
m a y t h u s offer A C o u r s e s in b o t h , E n g lish a n d
H in d i o r B C o u r s e s in b o th , E n g lish a n d H i n d i
o r A C o u r s e in o n e a n d B in o th e r .
53
S u b ject
1 & 2.
T w o la n g u a g e s
3.
M ath em atics
(a)
(b)
(c)
Ph ysics
C h e m i s tr y
Life Sciences
(a)
(b)
G eography,
4.
5.
6.
12
H is t o ry & Civics
W ork
Service
7.
H e a lth a n d
E d u c a ti o n
8.
C o - c u r r i c u l a r a n d o t h e r activities like
7
6
3
L ib ra r y , d e b a t e etc.
T o tal:
45
N o te s -
(1)
T im e a ll o c a te d for W o r k E x p e rie n c e m ay be p o o le d ,
if n ecessary, d e p e n d i n g o n th e n a t u r e o f w o rk . O u t o f
sc h o o l tim e , v a c a t io n s a n d h o lid a y s m a y also b e fr u itfu lly
utilized f o r th e p u rp o s e .
(2)
F o r i n s tr u c t io n s in a d d i t i o n a l o p t i o n a l la n g u a g e (s) if
necessary , th e sc h o o l m a y m a k e s u itab le a d j u s t m e n t s
in its tim e - ta b le .
F o r th i r d la n g u a g e , w o rk e x p e rie n c e a n d c o m m u n i t y
service, h ealth a n d ph ysical e d u c a t i o n , a s s e ssm e n t will
be in te rn a l.
E v a lu a t io n will be c o n t i n u o u s a n d the
s c h o o ls will m a i n ta i n
a
c u m u l a ti v e reco rd o f eacli
pu pil w h ich w o u ld be o p e n to in s p ectio n by
the
a u th o r it ie s o f th e B o ard a n d o f th e sc h o o ls c o n c e rn e d ,
(2)
In W o r k E x p e rie n c e , th e r e will be o n ly p r a c t i c a l n o t
r e q u i r i n g w rit te n a n s w e r s o n th e o r y .
P ra ctical test m a y ,
h o w e v e r, in c lu d e o ra l test o f a s h o r t d u r a t i o n c a r r y in g
a b o u t 1 5 % w eig h tag e . T h e re su lt o f in t e r n a l a ss e s s m e n t
shall b e ex p re s se d in t e r m s o f G r a d e s on a f i v e - p o in t
scale as e x p la in e d s u b s e q u e n tly .
(3)
In o r d e r to be eligible f o r th e All In d ia S e c o n d a r y S c h o o l
E x a m i n a t i o n a t th e e n d o f class X, th e s t u d e n t s h o u l d
h av e o b t a i n e d a t least G r a d e 4 in ea c h o f th e fo llo w in g :
T h i r d L a n g u a g e , W o r k E xp erience,
H e a lth a n d P hysical E d u c a ti o n .
T h e resu lts in th e s e a r e a s will be c o m m u n i c a t e d by th e
s c h o o ls to th e B o a rd a t least th r e e w eek s b e fo r e th e
c o m m e n c e m e n t o f the All In d ia S e c o n d a r y S c h o o l E x a
m i n a ti o n . T h e a c h ie v e m e n t in th e in te rn a l a ss e s s m e n t
will be s h o w n by th e B o a r d in its certificate.
(4)
T h e B o a rd will c o n d u c t All I n d i a S e c o n d a r y S c h o o l
E x a m i n a t i o n a t th e e n d o f C lass X in th e f o llo w in g s u b
jec ts. N u m b e r o f p a p e rs , d u r a t i o n o f e x a m i n a t i o n , a n d
m a x im u m m a rk s for each subject/paper
a re
n o te d
against e a c h :
S u b je c ts
P apers
M axim um
M arks
D u ratio n
1 & 2.
T w o Languages
2 p a p e r s in
each lan
guage
75 m a r k s ea c h
2 i hr.
each
3.
M ath em atics
2 papers
75 m a r k s ea c h
2 | hr.
each
(a)
Physics
1 paper
1 p ra c tic a l
35 m a r k s
15 m a r k s
2 hr.
1 h r.
(b)
C hem istry
1 paper
1 p ra c tic a l
35 m a r k s
15 m a r k s
2 h r.
1 hr.
(c)
Life Sciences
1 paper
35 m a r k s
15 m a r k s
2 h r.
1 hr.
4.
1 p r a c t ic a l
55
5.
(a)
(b)
H is to ry &
Civics
G eography,
E conom ics &
1 paper
1 paper
75 m a r k s
(50 + 25)
75 m a r k s
( 5 0 + 25)
2i
hr.
2\
hr.
C om m erce
6.
56
A d d iti o n a l
lan gu age(s),
if ollered
2 p a p e r s in
ea c h l a n
gu age
75 m a r k s each
2\
h r.
each
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
APPENDIX B
WORK EXPERIENCE
I n d i a h a s set b e fo re h e rs e lf th e ta s k o f a llev iatin g th e lo t o f
the p e o p le by c re a t in g a m o d e r n a n d te c h n o lo g ic a l society. A n
in f r a - s tr u c t u r e h as a lr e a d y b een c re a te d a n d th e c o u n t r y is o n
th e t h r e s h o l d
o f a m a j o r te c h n o lo g ic a l r e v o lu tio n . T h is w o u ld
n o t o n ly c re a te d e m a n d for high ly skilled te c h n ic ia n s b u t w o u ld
a ls o r e q u i r e a v e r a g e citizens to be s e l f-s u p p o rti n g a n d self-generatin g in t h e i r c o m p e t e n c e a n d a tt it u d e .
It, th erefo re, b e c o m e s
e ss e n tia l t h a t every citize n s h o u l d e q u i p h im s e l f 'h e r s e l f w ith
k n o w le d g e a n d skills n ecess ary to m a k e him a p r o d u c t iv e / c r e a ti v e
w o rk e r.
Concept
T h e c o n c e p t o f w o r k e x p e rie n c e is a re cen t d e v e lo p m e n t in
th e field o f e d u c a t io n .
If a n a ly s e d literally, th e te r m c o n s is ts o f
tw o p r o m i n e n t w o rd s : W o r k a n d E x p e rie n c e . In d i c t i o n a r y
sense, th e te r m w o r k has b een d efin e d as a p p l i c a ti o n o f e ff o rt to
s o m e p u r p o s e . T h is d e n o te s c r e a t i o n o f a s i t u a t io n w h e re in o n e
h a s t o a p p l y en erg y o r effort to a cau se. T h e r e c a n be n u m e r o u s
ty p es o f s i tu a t io n s w h erein h u m a n effort o r e n e rg y c an be in v o lv e d .
B ut in o r d e r t o be p u rp o s e fu l it h as t o be p r o d u c t iv e , as e m p h a s i s e d
by th e I n d i a n E d u c a ti o n C o m m i s s i o n , w h ich h a s n o t o n ly p e r s o n a l
b u t social significance as well. It, th e r e fo re , im plies t h a t a n y
p ro d u c t iv e / c r e a ti v e w o r k s h o u l d be socially significant a n d d e s i r
a b le besides b ein g useful a n d satisfy in g t o th e in d iv id u a l.
57
T a k i n g a b r o a d view o f w o r k ex p e rie n c e , p r o d u c t iv e w o rk
has been defined by th e E d u c a t i o n C o m m i s s i o n as p a r t i c i p a t i o n
o f p u p ils in p r o d u c t iv e w o r k e it h e r in sch o o l, in h o m e , in w o r k
s h o p , in f a r m , in fa c t o r y o r a n y o t h e r p r o d u c t i v e s i t u a t i o n . T h e
e x pe rien ce t o be p r o v i d e d n e e d n o t be c o n fin e d o n ly t o a fa c t o r y
o r a fa r m in its rigid sen se b u t it c a n a ls o in c lu d e su c h e x p e ri e n c e
w hich h a s re lev an ce t o sc h o o l a n d h o m e . T h e w o r k e x p e rie n c e s
m ay, th e r e fo re , n o t be c o n s t r u e d sim p ly as a n a t t e m p t t o tr a in
highly sk illed o r p ro f e s s io n a l w o r k e r s t o suit a p a r t i c u l a r v o c a ti o n
but m a y be in te r p r e te d as a n e x p e rie n c e t o e n h a n c e g en eral s k ills
m a n u a l a n d artistic, t h r o u g h a selected m e d i u m , so as t o m a k e
him c r e a t iv e / p r o d u c ti v e in a c tio n a n d scientific in his o u t l o o k
to m a n a g e o r ex e c u te t h e t a s k s p ro p e r ly .
Purposes
T h e p r o g r a m m e s o f w o r k e x p e rie n c e in th ese a r e a s c a n
utilised fo r th e fo llo w in g b r o a d p u r p o s e s :
(i)
P r o v i d in g first e x p o s u r e to v a ri o u s fields o f w o r k in
o r d e r to h e lp s tu d e n ts d is c o v e r th e ir a p t i t u d e s a n d
ca p a b ilitie s by e x p lo r in g o c c u p a t io n s , e x p e ri e n c in g p r o
fes sio n a ls d e m a n d s a n d testin g th eir o w n e n d u r a n c e f o r
m a k i n g r i g h t c h o ic e w h en th e y finally ta k e to p r o d u c t i v e /
c re ativ e w o r k ;
(ii)
E n g a g in g th e s t u d e n ts in p r o d u c t i o n p ro c e s s t o make
t h e m s e lf- s u p p o r ti n g in living a n d p ro d u c t iv e in f u n c t i o n
in g;
58
be
(iii)
(iv)
O r ie n t a t i n g th e m i n d f o r scientific a n d t e c h n o l o g i c a l o u t
lo o k fo r e x e c u tin g v a r i o u s j o b s w h e th e r in fa r m , f a c t o r y
or hom e;
(v)
W i t h th is e n d in view a w id e r a n g e o f w o r k e x p e rie n c e is
b e in g p r o v i d e d in th e c u r r ic u l u m , w h ic h relate t o the f o llo w in g
im p o rta n t areas:
(a)
Science a n d T e c h n o lo g y
(b )
A g ric u ltu re
(c)
H a n d i c r a f t s a n d C o t t a g e I n d u s tr i e s
(d)
F in e A r t s
(e)
H o u s e h o l d A ctivities
(f)
Specific Outcomes
P ed a g o g ic a lly w o r k ex p e rie n c e s c a n be s u m m a r i z e d as a
series o f c o n tr o ll e d a n d o r g a n i s e d e x p e rie n c e t o p r e p a r e s t u d e n t s
f o r socially useful a n d p r o d u c t iv e w o rk .
In a n y w o r k s i t u a t io n t w o b asic c o m p o n e n t s a r e in v o l v e d
viz: th e p rin c ip le s a n d skills.
A s su ch , w o r k e x p e rie n c e is a
te c h n o lo g ic a lly o r i e n te d m a n u a l w o r k in c lu d in g its th e o r e ti c a l
f o u n d a t i o n s . It nece ssita tes t h a t th e s t u d e n ts m u s t be e x p o s e d
t o th e scientific p rin c ip le s so as to ex ecu te the ta s k o r p r o d u c e
th e ite m in a m o s t e c o n o m i c a l a n d scientific m a n n e r .
T o illu s tra te
59
th e p o i n t it m a y be sa id t h a t e v e n sim p le j o b s like s w e e p in g a f l o o r
w o u ld r e q u i r e ce rta in te c h n i q u e s t o be a d o p t e d su c h as
m oving
th e b r o o m s t i c k in a m a n n e r t h a t m i n i m u m d u s t flo ats i n t h e a ir
a d o p t i n g b o d y p o s t u r e s w h ic h w o u ld p u t m i n i m u m s t r a i n o n th e
b o d y w ith m a x i m u m o f o u t c o m e . T h is m a y even be h e l p f u l in
selecting a b r o o m s t i c k o f spec ific ation s m o s t s u i ta b l e f o r the
j o b , such as w eight, le n g th , d i a m e t e r o f th e g r i p etc. etc.
T h e p u r p o s e o f p r o v i d i n g u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f scientific p r i n c i p l e s
is, th e re fo re , to d e v e lo p in s ig h t in to p ro c e s se s a n d to i n c u l c a te
a n a t t i t u d e o f i n n o v a t i o n in w h a te v e r s i tu a t io n t h e s t u d e n t s a re
in v olv ed. H ere a d is ti n c ti o n c a n be m a d e b e tw e e n a t r a d i t i o n a l ,
a rt is a n a n d scientifically o r i e n te d skilled p e rs o n .
The know
ledge o f scientific p rin c ip le s m u s t be s u p p l e m e n t e d b y a d e e p
in sig h t a n d d ex te r ity in to e s s en tial o c c u p a t io n a l, m a n u a l o r p h y
sical skills r e q u i r e d f o r p e r f o r m i n g th e ta s k . S u c h a n in s ig h t
c a n be p r o v i d e d o n ly by e n g a g in g th e s t u d e n t s in a c tu a l w o r k
s itu a tio n .
(i)
(,ii)
60
T o d e v e lo p o c c u p a t i o n a l o r m a n u a l skills a n d s y s t e m a
tized phy sical t e c h n i q u e s n ecessary f o r th e jo b .
T o give u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f facts,
p rin cip les in vo lv ed in th e j o b .
term s
and
scientific
(iii)
T o d e v e lo p in s ig h t in to p ro d u c t iv e pro c es se s.
(iv)
T o d e v e lo p p r o d u c t i v e c o m p e t e n c y to m a k e a liv in g o r
th e r e b y to benefit c o m m u n i t y o r society.
(v)
T o d e v e lo p o r g a n i z a t i o n a l skills a n d
r u n n i n g sm all u n its o f p r o d u c t i o n .
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
T o in c u l c a te in
a n d in n o v a t i o n .
s t u d e n ts
T o d e v e lo p a sense
s t u d e n t s p ro d u c tiv e .
th e
sp irit
com petence
fo r
o f m o d ernization,
o f self-reliance
by
m a k i n g th e
B a se d o n th e s e g e n e r a l /a c h i e v e m e n f e x p e c t a tio n s th e r e q u i r e
m e n ts o f in d i v id u a l su b jec ts o r w o r k ex p e rie n c e s c a n be iden tified
by te a c h e r s in t e r m s o f p rin cip les, u n d e r s ta n d in g s , skills a n d a t t i
tu d e s n e c e ss a ry t o m a k e th e e x p e rie n c e in th e selected a r e a really
w o r th w h il e a n d in te re s tin g to o.
T o d e te r m i n e
s tu d e n ts .
th e
n eed s
o f th e
2) T e a c h i n g a n d l e a r n in g
T o devise a s i t u a t i o n f o r in v o lv e
m e n t o f stu d e n ts.
'3 )
E valuation
T o e v a lu a te a c h ie v e m e n t a g a in s t
th e e x p e c te d o u tc o m e s .
(4) A d a p t i n g te a c h in g
procedures
T o im p r o v e te a c h in g
le a r n in g
p ro c e s s f o r b e tt e r a t t a i n m e n t s in
g e n e ral.
(5)
R em edial teaching
T o r e p e a t o r im p r o v e u p o n o r i
g in a l te a c h in g - l e a r n in g s i t u a t io n
f o r f u r t h e r r e i n fo rc e m e n t.
(6)
R e - E v a l u a t i o n a g a in
T o j u d g e th e effectiveness
re m e d ia l te ac h in g .
of
61
A s t e a d y u n i f o r m flow o f m o t i o n ;
(ii)
(iii)
R e la x p e r f o r m a n c e ;
(iv)
H i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n u p o n th e t a s k ;
(v)
I n t e ll ig e n t u se o f th e senses.
I f t h e w o r k e x p e rie n c e te a c h e r s a re t o e x p e ct t h e m a x i m u m
re s u lts t h e f o llo w in g t e c h n i q u e s m a y b e tr ie d :
62
(i)
T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f te c h n i q u e s a n d skills s h o u l d be
t h e p r i m a r y p o i n t o f a tt a c k .
(ii)
T e a c h e r ' s d e m o n s t r a t i o n is t h e
o f p r e s e n t i n g a skill subject.
(iii)
A d e q u a t e p ra c t ic e m a y b e p r o v i d e d to t h e s t u d e n ts
t o th e
po in t o f
a u t o m a t i z a t i o n . (In
re le v a n t
sub jects).
(iv)
T h e class s h o u l d be d iv id e d in t o g r o u p s w o r k i n g a t
d rill levels b e st s u ite d to th e i r in d i v id u a l abilities
a n d t h e p u r p o s e o f th e drill s h o u l d a lw a y s b e m a d e
specific t o th e m . (In re le v a n t subjects).
(v)
P r a c t ic e m u s t b e d i s t r i b u t e d i n t o th e i r d rill a n d th es e
d rills m u s t b e v a r i e d so t h a t th e y d o n o t b e c o m e
m o n o t o n o u s . ( I n re le v a n t subjects).
econom ical
m ethod
(vi)
T h e t e a c h e r h i m s e l f set a t t a i n a b l e g o a ls f o r e a c h
s t u d e n t in t e r m s o f p r o d u c t s a n d skills s u itin g his
p o te n t ia l it ie s .
(vii)
T h e t e a c h e r s h o u l d be c o -o p e r a ti v e in a tt it u d e ,
ju d i c i o u s in p ra is e f o r s t u d e n t s su c c e s s , a n x i o u s to
h e lp t h e m o v e r c o m e th e i r failures.
T h e a b o v e a p p r o a c h is suggestive-, te a c h e rs , h o w e v e r, m a y
feel free t o d e v e l o p b e tt e r t e c h n i q u e s a n d p r o c e d u r e s f o r effective
l e a r n in g .
NIEPA
G4259
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DUE DATE