Centrifugal Pump

Aims and Objectives

Introduction
Pump
A pump is a device used to move gases, liquids or slurries. A pump moves liquids or
gases from lower pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in
pressure by adding energy to the system (such as a water system). Pumps fall into two
main categories: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps. In a positive
displacement pump, a fixed volume of fluid is forced from one chamber into another.
The centrifugal pump is, by contrast, a rotodynamic machine. A gas pump is generally
called a compressor, except in very low pressure-rise applications, such as in heating,
ventilating, and air-conditioning, where the operative equipment consists of fans or
blowers.
Centrifugal pump
A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the
velocity of a fluid. The centrifugal pump creates an increase in pressure by transferring
mechanical energy from the motor to the fluid through the rotating impeller. The fluid
flows from the inlet to the impeller centre and out along its blades. The centrifugal force
hereby increases the fluid velocity and consequently also the kinetic energy is
transformed to pressure. Typical applications include municipal water supply systems,
circulating water heating and cooling system for buildings, pumps in dishwashers and
clothes washing machines and the cooling water circulating pump in an automobile
engine. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping system.
The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated
by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber, from where it

exits into the downstream piping system. Centrifugal pumps are used for large
discharge through smaller heads.

Figure 1.Basic element of a centrifugal pump

Theory
To determine the pump efficiency, the electrical input power of the drive motor
and the hydraulic output power of the pump are needed. The asynchronous motor inputpower is given from the frequency converter and shown on the digital display:
The output power of the hydraulic pump is calculated from:
To measure the volume flowrate V, you need to measure the time t needed to fill
the volumetric tank of HM 150 from 20l to 30l.
The volume flowrate is calculated as:
The density of water is considered as:
The delivery head is calculated as follows:
The influences of the flow speeds cancel each other due to equal cross-sections
in suction and pressure connections. Y is the height difference of the two manometer,
where y=0.18m.

The pump efficiency is calculated from the hydraulic pump power and the
asynchronous motor power. With a motor efficiency of the pump efficiency is

Equipment
Procedure
Derived Results
Discussion of Results
Conclusion
Appendix
References
Bibliography