Mohit Chandi and Rishab Revankar

ENGL 105i Health and Medicine

Dr. Hammer
20 Nov. 2014
Annotated Bibliography
Citation:
Branch, Taylor. "The Shame of College Sports." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 07 Sept.
2011. Web. 08 Nov. 2014.
Annotation:
We will use this article in our presentation to establish a context for college sports in America.
We learned through this article that the United States is the only country that has institutions of
higher learning host competitive, money making sports teams.
Citation:
Cullen, Francis T., Edward J. Latessa, and Joseph P. Byrne. "Scandal and reform in collegiate
athletics: Implications from a national survey of head football coaches." The Journal of
Higher Education (1990): 50-64.
Annotation:
This research paper surveyed head football coaches across the United States to understand the
underlying factors that cause athletic scandals. We learned through this research paper some of
the reasons behind athletic scandals, such as the intense pressure to win, which forces individuals
in authority roles to leave their moral mandates. We also learned some ways in which colleges
and the NCAA can prevent athletic scandals.
Citation:

Elisia J.P. Gatmen, Academic Exploitation: The Adverse Impact of College

Athletics on the Educational Success of Minority Student-Athletes, 10
SEATTLE J. Soc. Web. (2011).
Annotation:
This paper will be used to analyze how college athletics have adverse effects on student-athletes,
particularly minorities. This paper argues that the student part of student-athletes has been lost
and that the NCAA explicitly exploits student-athletes.
Citation:
Lederman, Doug. "Half of Big-time NCAA Programs Had Major Violations." USA Today, 7 Feb.
2011. Web. 25 Oct. 2014.
Annotation:
We learned through this article that NCAA violations from Division I athletic programs has
increased from the 1980s and 1990s. We also learned that many more Division I athletic
programs were found guilty of failure to monitor, which the author suggests is the result of
proper policies with insufficient oversight. The author argues that NCAA infractions are more
serious now because they are systemic, instead of isolated cases.
Citation:
"The Detrimental Effect of Early Sport Specialization | Changing the Game Project." Changing
the Game Project. N.p., 2014. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.
Annotation:
This article examines the detrimental effects of specializing in a single sport at an early age. We
learned that many parents, due to their aspirations for their children to make it big in a sport,
force children to participate competitively and train rigorously in a single sport. As a result,

children are not only placed at a higher risk of developing overuse injuries, but their involvement
in sports leads only to competitiveness, as opposed to enjoyment and physical fitness.
Citation:
Rampell, Catherine. "Grading College Athletes." Economix Grading College Athletes Comments.
The New York Times, 15 Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.
Annotation:
This article summarizes the results obtained through the College Sports Project, an initiative of
the Andrew Mellon Foundation. The article demonstrates that regular students have a higher
average GPA than walk-on athletes, who have a higher average GPA than recruited athletes. The
data is statistically significant and goes to show that as the level of the intensity of ones
involvement in athletics increases, a reduced academic performance is one side effect.
Citation:
Whiteman, Honor. "Too Much Sport 'may Be Bad for Teens' Health'" Medical News Today.
MediLexicon International, 21 Nov. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2014.
Annotation:
In this article, researchers published findings regarding the optimal amount of weekly physical
exercise. In doing so, the investigators found that, while physical activity is associated with
emotional well-being and stress relief, sports practice becomes a risk factor when practiced more
than 14 hours per week. We plan to use this article to support our argument that the increased
emphasis on on-field success has led to more youth and adolescent athletes participating in sports
over 14 hours of the week, as a result meeting the criteria for the risk factor that this article
suggests.