A NOVEL MULTI INPUT CONVERTER FOR THREE NON-CONVENTIONAL

ENERGY SOURCES WITH REDUCED COMPLEXITY FOR A THREE PHASE

INDUCTION MOTOR
Baldwin Immanuel T1, Suresh A2 , Rashmi M R3
Research Scholar, St. Peters University1 ,Professor, SA Engineering College, Chennai2, Associate Professor
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, School of Engineering, Bangalore3
bimmanuelt@gmail.com1 , asuresz@gmail.com2 , rashmi.power@gmail.com3

Abstract:
This paper presents a novel Multi Input Converter (MIC) for connecting three
renewable energy sources to drive a three phase induction motor. Wind energy, Solar energy
and Ultra/Super capacitors are the three energy sources. The voltage from PV cells and the
ultra capacitor is boosted before feeding to an inverter which in turn provides supply for an
induction motor. The alternating voltage from wind power generation unit is rectified and fed
to the inverter. This MIC can deal with Ultra capacitor energy, wind energy and solar power
individually or simultaneously with proper control mechanism. The proposed circuit is
validated through the simulation results presented in the paper.
Key words: Multi Input Converters, Solar Power, Ultra Capacitor, Wind Energy, dq
Transformation, Boost Converter

I.

Introduction

Earlier electric power was generated from few energy resources which are
highly limited and will be exhausted in due course. With the transcended requirement of
electricity and the increase in energy crisis, it is becoming essential to find substitutes to
replace the conventional energy sources with renewable energy sources. Among the
renewable resources, wind power and solar energy are becoming popular because they are
abundant and easy to acquire. In Photo Voltaic (PV) or wind power generation system, a
power converter is needed so as to process renewable energy. In literature [16] PV
converters are presented while wind power converters were presented in [710]. However,
these power converters only handle a single kind of renewable energy, that is, which cannot
deal with multi-input power. Therefore, some researchers propose Multi Input
Converters(MICs) for solar-wind hybrid power generation system. A series double-boost
converter is presented to process PV power and wind energy simultaneously [11], in which,
as compared with single-boost configuration, power component only imposes one-half power
rating. Even though this boost-type converter steps up the voltage and is suitable for a high
voltage supply, it cannot be applied to galvanic isolated applications. Double-input buckboost converter is capable of processing high-/low-voltage sources [12-17]. A switching
strategy for MICs was presented and analyzed in [12], [16]. Essentially, the strategy
transforms an MIC into an equivalent single-input single-output system for analysis, which
simplifies controller design and implementation. A PI controller used to regulate the MIC's
operating point. Without loss of generality, this technique is demonstrated by analyzing a
multiple-input buck-boost converter. Like boost-type converter, this type of configuration is

still non-isolated electrically. Instead of combining renewable energy in electricity, the

concept of magnetic flux additivity is proposed to design a multi-input isolated converter, but
its structure is complex and control low is complicated [13]. In order to simplify power-stage
configuration, the forward derived configuration was proposed. However, it cannot trap the
energy in the leakage inductor and is incapable of applying to high output voltage
applications [14].
In this paper a MIC with three sources viz. wind, solar and ultra capacitor is proposed.
The proposed topology is simple and offers bi-directional current flow to charge and
discharge the Ultra capacitor and battery. This MIC can deal with Ultra capacitor energy,
wind energy and PV power individually or simultaneously.

II.

The Proposed System.

The block diagram of the proposed system is shown in Figure 1. Three nonconventional energy sources are used. The power from PV cells and Ultra capacitors is fed to
MIC whereas the alternating voltage from the wind power is rectified and fed to MIC. The
power is modulated in this converter and fed to an inverter which drives AC load or this
power can be injected to the grid. The detailed circuit diagram is shown in Figure 2.
Induction motor is the very widely used motor in wind power generation. Therefore wind
power generating unit is replaced by the equivalent circuit of an induction generator. The
alternating voltage is rectified by an uncontrolled bridge rectifier. Switches S1 and S3 are
turned on complementarily to discharge and charge Ultra capacitor which is another voltage
source. Similarly switches S2 and S4 are turned on and off alternately to get the supply from
PV cell and recharge the PV cell which is the third source of energy. These three sources can
individually feed the load or simultaneously can share the load depending on the load and
supply conditions. Switch S5 is used as a boost switch to boost the supply voltage during feed
forward mode where as switch S6 is used as bucking switch during recharging of PV cells
and Ultra capacitor. This modulated DC is fed to three phase voltage source inverter. This
inverter is used to feed three phase squirrel cage induction motor.

Figure1. Block Diagram

Figure2. Circuit Diagram of Multi Input Power Converter

III.

Simulation Results
The simulation is carried out using Matlab Simulink. The simulation circuit is
shown in Figure 3. The PV battery voltage is 24V. The ultra capacitor voltage is 48V. Output
voltage required from an inverter is 430 V ( 304V Peak).

Figure3. Simulation Model

The Ultra capacitor voltage and PV battery voltages are shown in Figure 4 (a) & (b)
respectively. The output of the first stage i.e. output from Multi input DC-DC converter is
shown in Figure 5. The inverter switching pulses( for switches M1-M6) are shown in
Figure6. The inverter output voltages (line) are shown in Figure7. The line currents are
shown in Figure8. This inverter feeds a three phase induction motor. The motor speed is
shown in Figure9. The FFT analysis is carried out and the results are presented in Figure 10.

Figure
Figure 4 (b). Volatge Across The Battery

T(s)

Volts

4 (a) .Volatge Across The Ultra Capacitor

T(s)

Figure5. Multi Input Converter Output Voltage

M1
M2

Volts

M3
M4
M5
M6

Figure6. Inverter Switching Pulses for the switches M1-M6

T(s)

Volts

T(s)

Figure7. Inverter Output Voltage

Amps

From Figure 6, it is observed that when all three sources are acting, the output from boost
stage is 304V. The line voltages are 430V(RMS). The induction motor runs at the rated speed
of 1480 RPM. From Figure 10, FFT analysis of currents, it is found that THD is 7.5%

Figu
re8. Line Currents

T(s)

Figure 9. Induction Motor Speed

Figure 10. FFT Analysis of Line Currents.

IV.

Conclusion
A novel three input power converter was designed to handle three renewable
energy sources, wind, solar and ultra capacitor. The required voltage/power to drive a three
phase induction motor was shared by all these three sources. These sources can also handle
the load independently. From the FFT analysis the THD is found to be 7.5% under no lad

conditions. Therefore proposed converter offers better efficiency, but there exists harmonics
in voltage. The future work can be focused on eliminating the voltage harmonics.

References
[1] A. D. Napoli , F. Crescimbini , S. Rodo and L. Solero "Multiple input DCDC power
converter for fuel-cell powered hybrid vehicles", Proc. IEEE 33rd Power Electron. Spec.
Conf., vol. 4, pp.1685 -1690, 2002
[2] L. Solero , A. Lidozzi and J. A. Pomilio "Design of multiple-input power converter for
hybrid vehicles", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 5, pp.1007 -1016 2005
[3] H. Matsuo , L. Wenzhong , F. Kurokawa , T. Shigemizu and N. Watanabe
"Characteristics of the multiple-input dcdc converter", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol.
51, no. 3, pp.625 -631 2004
[4] H. Matsuo , T. Shigemizu , F. Kurokawa and N. Watanabe "Characteristics of the
multiple-input dcdc converter", Proc. 24th IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., pp.115
-120 1993
[5] G. J. Su , F. Z. Peng and D. J. Adams "Experimental evaluation of a soft-switching dcdc
converter for fuel cell applications", Proc. IEEE Conf. Power Electron. Transp., pp.39
-44 2002
[6] L. Solero "Performance of a 10 kW power electronic interface for combined wind/PV
isolated generating systems", Proc. IEEE PESC 1996, pp.1027 -1032
[7] F. Caricchi "Testing of a new dcdc converter topology for integrated wind-photovoltaic
generating systems", Proc. Eur. Conf. Power Electron. Appl., pp.83 -88 1993
[8] D. Liu and H. Li "A novel multiple-input ZVS bidirectional dcdc converter", Proc.
IEEE 32nd Annu. Conf. Ind. Electron. Soc., pp.579 -584, 2005
[9] Y. M. Chen , Y. C. Liu and F. Y. Wu "Multi-input dc/dc converter based on the
multiwinding transformer for renewable energy applications", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.,
vol. 38, no. 4, pp.1096 -1104 2002
[10] N. Benavides and P. L. Chapman "Power budgeting of a multiple-input buckboost
converter", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 6, pp.1303 -1309 2005
[11] A. Kwasinski and P. T. Krein "A microgrid-based telecom power system using
modular multiple-input dcdc converters", Proc. IEEE 27th Int. Telecommun. Conf.,
pp.515 -520 2005
[12] M. Marchesoni and C. Vacca "New dcdc converter for energy storage system
interfacing in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22,
no. 1, pp.301 -308 2007

[13] Y. Chen , C. Cheng and H. Wu "Grid-connected hybrid PV/wind power generation

system with improved dc bus voltage regulation strategy", Proc. IEEE 21st Annu. Appl.
Power Electron. Conf. Expo., pp.1088 -1094 2006
[14] Z. Quan , O. Abdel-Rahman and I. Batarseh "An integrated four-port DC/DC
converter for renewable energy applications", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no.
7, pp.1877 -1887, 2010
[15] A. Kwasinski "Quantitative evaluation of DC microgrids availability: Effects of
system architecture and converter topology design choices", IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,
vol. 26, no. 3, pp.835 -851 2011
[16] Y. Li , X. Ruan , D. Yang , F. Liu and C. K. Tse "Synthesis of multiple input DC/DC
converters", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 9, pp.2372 -2385, 2010
[17] A. Khaligh "A multiple-input dcdc positive buckboost converter topology", Proc.
IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf., pp.1522 -1526, 2008

About the Authors

Mr. Baldwin Immanuel T. obtained his B.E. (Electrical and Electronics
Engineering) degree from Bharathiar University in the year 2002, M.E. (Power
Electronics and Drives) degree from Anna University in the year 2006 and persuing
Ph.D. degree from St. Peters University . He has 8 years of teaching experience in
engineering college and a member of ISTE and IEEE. He is currently working as
Assistant Professor at Kingston Engineering College, Vellore, India.

Dr. Suresh A. obtained his M.E degree from Sathyabama University, Chennai in 2005
and Ph.D. degree from Sathyabama University in the year 2012. His area of interest is
Induction Heating. He has 15 years of teaching experience in engineering college and a
member in various social bodies like IET and ISTE. He has published more than 30
papers in the area of Power Electronics. He is currently working as a Professor at SA
Engineering College, Chennai, India.

Dr. Rashmi M. R. obtained her B.E. (EEE) degree from Mysore University in the year
2001, M.E. (Power Electronics & Industrial Drives) degree from Sathyabama
University in the year 2004 and Ph.D. degree from Sathyabama University in the year
2010. She has more than a decade of academic experience and several research
publications to her. She is currently working as Associate Professor for Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham, School of Engineering, Bangalore, India.