Beruflich Dokumente
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Hostapur SAS
contents
Product profile
28
sythesis
Surface activity
30
Applications
12
Foaming power
31
Dishwashing liquids
15
Rheological properties
31
Detergents
18
pH stability
31
Household cleaners
21
Heat stability
31
Sanitary cleaners
22
Detergent action
31
23
Solubilization
32
Industrial cleaners
26
Emulsifying action
32
27
32
Electrolyte stability
32
Chlorine-/oxidation stability
33
Enzyme stability
33
34
Solubility in water
35
Low-temperature properties
35
hostapur SAS
36
Technical Data
48
Toxicological profile
38
49
Ecology
39
Physical/chemical data
50
41
Ecological data
51
Processing
42
C-chain distribution
51
Transport
44
Registration status
51
Storage
44
Analysis
53
Conveying/mixing
46
Literature
53
Dilution
46
product range
55
Handling
47
Hostapur SAS
Product profile
hostapur SAS
Abbreviations
SAS
LES
LAS
AES
LS
Lauryl sulphate
SRP
Hostapur SAS
Grades
Appearance (25C)
Hostapur SAS 30
approx. 30%
Hostapur SAS 60
approx. 60%
Hostapur SAS 93
approx. 93%
Hostapur SAS 93 G
approx. 93%
hostapur SAS
versatility in formulation
synergistic effects in use
electrically neutral salts can be formed with cationic surfactants
Viscosity-depressing action
Cost reduction
rapid biodegradation
Chemical stability over a wide pH range
Range of grades
Hostapur SAS
Synthesis
hostapur SAS
The flow chart shows in diagrammatic form the industrial-scale production of Hostapur SAS.
SO3
O2
n-paraffin
reaction
n-paraffin
H2O
H2O
SAS-flakes 93%
rectification
H2O
separation
neutralisation
SO2
10
O2
n-paraffin
NaOH
hostapur SAS
11
Hostapur SAS
ApplicationS
12
hostapur SAS
13
Dishwashing liquids
Laundry detergents
Liquid detergents
Detergent powders
Detergent pastes
Soaking agents
Household cleaners
All-purpose cleaners
Liquid metal/ceramic cleaner
Sanitary cleaners
Floor cleaners
Glass cleaners
Toilet freshener blocks
14
Shampoos
Showergels
Foam baths
Liquid soaps
Toothpastes
Industrial cleaners
Automotive cleaners
Metal degreasing agents
Alkaline rust removers
Hand cleaners
hostapur SAS
Dishwashing
liquids
Hostapur SAS as a principal surfactant in combination with amphoteric surfactants such as the alkyl amidobetaines and/or alkyl ether
sulphates and/or nonionic surfactants as co-surfactants enables
dishwashing liquids to be developed that meet the above-mentioned
requirements almost ideally.15 -20
in dishwashing liquids
Very good solubility and thus economizing on solubilizers
Very good rinsing action, rapid drainage, shine and rapid drying
Optimum cleaning and degreasing action with a low concent-
fat-suspending agent
Compatibility with anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants.
As a result synergistic effects are often achieved
Faint inherent colour and therefore only small amounts of dye
are required if coloration is needed
Good skin compatibility, especially in combination with
other surfactants
Dishwashing
liquids
viscosity [mPas]
10000
1000
100
10
10
40
Fig. 2 shows the viscosity at +20C as a function of the concentration of Hostapur SAS/alkyl ether sulphate mixtures with the
addition of ethanol and urea. This means that a 40% formulation
consisting of 32% Hostapur SAS and 8% lauryl ether sulphate
contains 4% ethanol and 4% urea.
20
30
concentration c [%]
hostapur SAS
Figure 3: Mini-plate test of Hostapur SAS: alkyl ether sulphate (4:1 mixtures)
number of plates
15
When betaines are used, not only the dermatological properties but
also the rheological properties are improved. As a result additional
moisturizing agents and viscosifiers are often not required. 21
A fatty alcohol polyglycol ether content, as a function of the fatty
alcohol radical and the degree of ethoxylation, can produce an
increase in solubilizing and emulsifying action as well as better
wetting. These influence the cleaning effect to a marked degree
when the product is used. The pronounced solubilizing action of
Hostapur SAS can also obviate the need for special solubilizers
for slightly soluble perfume oils, and thus cut costs.
10
0
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
Mg++-concentration [%]
1.2
1.5
17
Detergents
Liquid detergents
18
hostapur SAS
If builders are also incorporated in the liquid detergents, it is advantageous to use freely soluble surfactants such as Hostapur SAS.
A further beneficial property of Hostapur SAS is its good electrolyte
compatibility, in other words good compatibility with the builders.
manufactured
19
Detergents
detergent
powders
detergent powders
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
55
60
solid content [%]
n SAS
n LAS
* measured with Brabender Plastograph
20
hostapur SAS
65
Household cleaners
Liquid all-purpose
cleaners and
Liquid metal/
ceramic cleaner
of hydrotropes
streak-free surfaces
all-purpose cleaners
Good skin compatibility
21
Household cleaners
Sanitary cleaners
Sanitary cleaners are used chiefly for the easy and economical
cleaning of bathrooms and toilets. They are intended to remove all
traces of lime, dirt and soap rapidly. Furthermore, it is often desired
to remove dark mould patches on joints, tiles and shower curtains.
The current sanitary cleaners are adjusted either to an acid or an
alkaline pH. In general these products are expected to have an
antimicrobial or disinfectant action as well, which can be achieved
by special additives such as active chlorine (hypochlorite) hydrogen
peroxide or by acids.
Surfactants with good wetting action provide the cleaning action.
Owing to its chemical structure (C-S bond to the sulphonate group),
Hostapur SAS has good stability to oxidizing agents and is stable in
both the acid and the alkaline pH ranges. This stability to reducing
and oxidizing agents makes Hostapur SAS a preferred surfactant
for sanitary cleaners.
22
hostapur SAS
Cosmetic
viscosity [mPas]
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
7:3
6:4
5:5
SAS: AES mixture
23
4:6
3:7
Cosmetic
By adding Hostapur SAS to liquid hair and body care products the
low-temperature cloud point as a function of the active detergent
content and the mixing ratio can be lowered by about 4 to 7C.
This is a particular advantage also for preparations containing
pearlizing agents. Fig. 6 illustrates the good influence of Hostapur
SAS on the low-temperature properties of the surfactant mixtures.
temperature [C]
+10
+5
0
-5
-1
Hair shampoos
0:10
2:8
4:6
6:4
8:2
10:0
n clear point
24
hostapur SAS
Foam baths
cosmetic preparations
Liquid soaps
25
Industrial
cleaners
High-pressure cleaners
Industrial cleaners
Automotive cleaners
26
hostapur SAS
Antistatic agents for polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyethylene Plastics mostly have the undesirable property of
accumulating a static charge. Surfactants such as Hostapur SAS
form on the surface of the polymers a mono- or multi-molecular
film, which increases the conductivity with atmospheric moisture.
It is often possible to incorporate Hostapur SAS in the polymer
compound, for example, in the case of polyvinyl chloride.
This also applies to polystyrene and styrene copolymers and to
polyethylene.
Fire extinguishing foams
are generally used. The soaps have the advantage over the
synthetic anionic emulsifiers that the polymer can be precipitated
by acidification or addition of salt and the fatty or resin acid
remaining in the product serves as a plasticizer at the same time.
One evident disadvantage of the soaps is the instability of the latex
(coagulation on slight change in pH and contamination, low
resistance to fillers) and poorer chemical and heat stability.
For these reasons the synthetic emulsifiers are increasingly gaining
ground, particularly for special products, for example, the carboxylated butadiene copolymers (for carpet backcoating, for papermaking, adhesives etc). Because of its constant quality and low salt
content, Hostapur SAS is highly suitable for this application.
Textile and leather auxiliaries
Hostapur SAS
Physical and
chemical properties
28
hostapur SAS
29
Hostapur SAS
surface activity
Micelle formation
Interfacial tension
Surface tension
80
60
40
20
0
0.25
0.75
concentration c [g/L]
n 20C
0.5
n 50C
n 70C
80
60
90
70
50
40
30
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.001
30
0.01
0.1
concentration [g/L]
10
SAS
LAS
C surfactant 0.1% a.s., temperature 37C,
water hardness: 268ppm CaCO3 (15d), pH 7
hostapur SAS
AES
LS
Hostapur SAS
chemical properties
Foaming power
The Hostapur SAS grades are stable in the acid and in the alkaline
pH range.
Heat stability
Rheological properties
Detergent action
300
300
250
250
foam height [mm]
200
150
100
50
0
150
100
50
0
0.002
n AES
n SAS
0.006
0.03
0.1
concentration c [%]
200
0.3
1.0
0.002
n AES
n SAS
0.006
0.03
0.1
concentration c [%]
0.3
1.0
Hostapur SAS
chemical properties
Solubilization
Electrolyte stability
Hostapur SAS has only slight sensitivity to electrolytes. The viscosity of the aqueous solutions is increased only slightly by additions of
electrolyte such as sodium chloride or sodium sulphate.
Emulsifying action
Figure 13: Stability to hard water of Hostapur SAS and of mixtures with lauryl
ether sulphate determined in accordance with DIN 53905
80
4
3
2
1
0
60
40
20
0
0:10
2:8
4:6
6:4
8:2
10:0
SAS
SAS:LES mixture
n 15% a.s.
32
n 10% a.s.
n 5% a.s.
hostapur SAS
LES
SAS:LES 4:1
The stability of enzymes such as protease (e.g. Savinase, manufactured by Novozymes) in the presence of Hostapur SAS is shown
in fig. 15 as a function of the storage time. It is clearly evident
that after 7 days only a slight fall in enzyme activity (80%) can
be observed in the case of Hostapur SAS. Hostapur SAS is a more
enzyme compatible anionic surfactant than most anionic surfactants commonly used in liquid laundry detergent applications
(e.g. linear alkyl benzene sulphonate).
Figure 14: Chlorine stability in the presence of Hostapur SAS, amine oxide and
80
60
40
20
0
0
time [days]
n LAS
n SAS
c savinase 0.3%, c surfactant 3.0g/L,
water hardness 179ppm CaCO3 (10d), temperature 25C
100
80
60
40
80
60
40
20
20
0
0
SAS
2.5% SAS
33
LAS
Hostapur SAS
chemical properties
40
35
remission R [%]
remission R [%]
30
30
20
10
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
SRP
LAS
34
AS
SAS
LAS
+ 2.0 g NTPP
LAS
+ 1.5 g zeolite
+ 0.7 g soda
SAS
+ 2.0 g NTPP
hostapur SAS
SAS
+ 1.5 g zeolite
+ 0.7 g soda
Solubility in water
Low-temperature properties
Figure 19:
concentration c [g/100g]
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
10
20
30
40
temperature [C]
n SAS 30
n SAS 60
n SAS 93
of the concentration
35
temperature [C]
35
temperature [C]
30
25
20
15
10
25
20
15
10
5
-5
-5
-10
-10
10
15
20
concentration c [%]
n SAS
35
30
n LAS
25
30
10
15
20
concentration c [%]
n SAS:AES 4:1
n LAS:AES 4:1
25
30
Hostapur SAS
Toxicological
and environmental
properties
36
hostapur SAS
37
Hostapur SAS
toxicological
profile
Chronic toxicity
Hostapur SAS (60%) was tested for chronic toxicity and/or carcinogenicity in two longterm studies on rats and mice. No toxicologically significant effects were observed after oral administration to
rats of up to 2% in the feed over a period of two years. In addition,
no signs of toxicity, either macroscopic or microscopic, were observed afterdermal application (three times per week for 80 weeks)
to mice.
Toxicokinetics
Comparable toxicokinetic properties were also observed after dermal application to rats.
Sensitization
Hostapur SAS (60%) was tested in a two-generation trial for possible reproduction toxicity properties. Up to a dose of 10,000ppm in
the feed, no maternotoxic, embryotoxic and/or teratogenic effects
of any kind were observed.
38
hostapur SAS
Hostapur SAS
Ecology
Biodegradability
Secondary alkane sulphonates are readily and rapidly biodegradable. The primary degradability is considerably in excess of 90%.
In the OECD Confirmatory Test (sewage sludge simulation test)
the rate of degradation is 99% (decrease in MBAS). In the modified
OECD Screening Test (OECD 301 E), a test for total degradability,
SAS has a DOC removal of 95%. The Ten-days-window criterion
is thus met, i.e. SAS is readily biodegradable.
Compared with linear alkyl benzene sulphonates (LAS), secondary
alkane sulphonates (SAS) are more rapidly biodegradable. This applies especially at low temperatures. The degradation properties of
secondary alkane sulphonates are shown on page 51.
In the Coupled Units Test (OECD 303 A, sewage treatment plant
simulation test), the biodegradation/elimination is 96% +/-3%.
In a modified Coupled Units Test, in which the sewage treatment
plant simulation was better matched to the conditions in a modern
municipal sewage treatment plant, 99% +/- 1% secondary alkane
sulphonates were degraded/eliminated (DOC decrease).
39
Hostapur SAS
Ecology
Aquatic toxicity
The data used for the qualitative risk assessment are given in the
table in Technical data.
Conclusion:
Conclusion
40
hostapur SAS
Hostapur SAS
41
Conclusion:
Hostapur SAS
Processing
42
hostapur SAS
= Hostapur SAS 30
paste
= Hostapur SAS 60
pellets
= Hostapur SAS 93
43
Hostapur SAS
Transport
Storage
44
hostapur SAS
Fig. 22: 60-t storage tank
for Hostapur SAS 60
floating
distribution
system
stainless steel
carbon steel rubber lined
fibre-glass reinforced polyester
stainless steel
carbon steel rubber lined
fibre-glass reinforced polyester
insulation
steam 2-5 bar
feed
hose
Heat Exchanger
condensate
Production
T > 65 C
Filter
sampling
Tank
45
Pump
Hostapur SAS
Conveying/mixing,
Dilution, Handling
Conveying/mixing
300
10000
viscosity [mPas]
viscosity [mPas]
5000
200
100
0
20
1000
500
200
100
30
40
50
temperature [C]
46
2000
60
10
15
70
20
25
30
hostapur SAS
35
40
45
50
viscosity [mPas]
Handling
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
20
30
40
50
temperature [C]
47
60
70
Hostapur SAS
Technical Data
and Literature
48
hostapur SAS
49
Hostapur SAS
Physical/chemical data
Hostapur SAS 30
Hostapur SAS 60
Hostapur SAS 93
Hostapur SAS 93 G
Appearance at 20C
328gmol-1
328gmol-1
328gmol-1
328gmol-1
approx. 30%
approx. 60%
approx. 93%
approx. 93%
max. 2.1%
max. 4.2%
max. 6.5%
max. 7.0%
Paraffin content
max. 0.4%
max. 0.7%
max. 1.0%
max. 1.0%
pH 5% as is in water
7.08.5
7.08.5
about 7.08.5
about 7.08.5
Bulk density
about
Density (gcm-3)
600gL-1
about 570gL-1
< 1mm (75%)
Calorific data
Temperature
Hostapur SAS 30
Hostapur SAS 60
20C
1.048
1.087
Specific heat
30C
1.042
1.081
40C
1.036
1.075
50C
1.031
1.068
60C
1.025
1.062
Thermal conductivity
70C
1.017
1.055
W m-1 K-1
0.47
0.28
80C
1.049
(0.40)
(0.25)
50
Hostapur SAS 30
Hostapur SAS 60
kJ kg-1 K-1
3.56
2.76
(0.85)
(0.66)
hostapur SAS
Hostapur SAS
Ecological data
Biodegradability
% biodegradation
99
Mineralization (DOC)
SAS after 6 days (OECD Screening Test 301 E)
87
Radiolabelled experiments
SAS (U-14C) after 6 days
45
85
> 90
C-chain distribution
max. 1%
C13-C15-n-Paraffin
about 58%
C16-C17-n-Paraffin
about 39%
max. 2%
Monosulphonate*
about 90%
Disulphonate*
about 10%
Registration status
51
Hostapur SAS
Ecological data
Aquatic Toxicity
Acute toxicity
LC0
7.1mg L-1
LC50
8.4mgL -1
LC100
9.9mgL -1
Guppy
LC50
3.6mgL -1
Trout
LC50
2.8mg 0L-1
Carp
LC50
2.8mgL -1
EC50
12.5mgL -1
Fish toxicity
> 1000mgL -1
Chronic toxicity
EC10
58 mgL -1
EC50
95.5 mgL -1
LOEC
3.0 mgL -1
NOEC
0.37mgL -1
Coupled Daphnia multigeneration test (toxicity of the discharge from the modified
OECD Confirmatory Test on three consecutive generations of Daphnia)
no toxic effect
LOEC
3.5 (MBAS)
NOEC
1.4 (MBAS)
Fish
1.2mgL-1
Daphnia
0.6mgL-1
Algae
6.1mgL-1
STP intake2)
0.5mgL -1
STP discharge
2gL -1
STP removal
99.6%
River water
< 1gL -1
3. PEC/PNEC3)4)
Fish/river water
> 1200
Daphnia/river water
> 600
Algae/river water
> 6100
0.03
3. Safety factors
1)
2)
STP : sewage treatment plant, PE C: predicted environment concentration 4) PNE C: predicted no effect concentration
3)
52
hostapur SAS
Hostapur SAS
Analysis,
Further information,
literature
Analysis
Further information
Synthesis
20 Hauthal, H.G., in: Anionic Surfactants, Marcell Dekker, Inc. New York,
2 Berthold, H. and Lipfert, G., in: Alkansulfonate (H. G. Hauthal, ed.), VEB
23 Tischer, H., Wedler, C., Knofe, E. and Haage, K.: 6. Internationale Tagung
ber grenzflchenaktive Stoffe. Abh. Akad. Wiss. DDR, NI (D. Vollhardt, ed.),
fen und zur Sulfoxidation bzw. Sulfochlorierung von Fettsuren. Doktorarbeit der
24 Grey, S., in: Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Detergents: Global
4 Beermann, C.: ber die Sulfoxidation von Paraffinen und die verbesserte
Perspectives (A. Cahn, ed.), AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, (1994), 82-87.
Manchester, (1966)
(1969)
6 Hoechst AG: Hostapur SAS: The raw material with a sure future, (1987)
8 Ramloch, H. and Tuber, G.: Moderne Verfahren der Grochemie: Die Sulfoxi-
28 Trautmann, M.: New test method for assessing the cleaning action of all
Barcelona, (1985)
Leipzig, (1985)
31 Hauthal, H. G.: In Anionic Surfactants, Marcell Dekker, Inc. New York, Basel,
Hong Kong, (1995), 143-220
Applications
33 Hauthal, H. G., Mhle, L., Pfestorf, R. and Quitzsch, K.: Lecture to the 2nd
34 Hauthal, H.G., Mhle, L., Pfestorf, R. and Quitzsch, K., in: 4. Internationale
17 Mller, M., Quack, J. M. and Vitores, L.: Entfettung und deren Bewertung,
Tagung ber grenzflchenaktive Stoffe, Abh. der Akad. der Wiss. DDR, NI
35 Mhle, L., Hauthal, H. G. and. Quitzsch, K.: Z. Physik. Chem. 264, (1983), 281
36 Mhle, L., Opitz, S. and Ohlerich, U.: Tenside Surf. Detergents. 30, (1993),
104-109
53
Hostapur SAS
literature
37 Ekwall, P. Mandell, L. and Fontell, K.: Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. 8, (1969), 157
67 Ltzsch, K., Neufahrt, A and Tuber, G.: Tenside Det. 16, (1979), 155-155
39 Kunieda, H. and Arai, T.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 57, (1984), 281
40 L in, I. J. and Somasundaran, P. J.: Colloid Interf. Sci. 37, (1971), 731
69 Satake, I. and Matuura, R.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 36, (1963), 813-817
43 Lunkenheimer, K., Miller, R. and Becht, J.: Colloid Polymer Sci. 260, (1982),
1145
44 Rosen, M. J. and Murphy, D. S. J.: Colloid Interf. Sci. 110, (1986), 224
45 Saito, M., Moroi, Y., and Matura, R. J.: Colloid Interf. Sci. 88, (1982), 578
Analysis
75 Arens, M., Waldhoff, H. and Pfeiffer, H.: Fat Sci. Technol. 96, (1994), 107-112
76 Berthold, H. and Janot, I., in: Alkansulfonate (H. G. Hauthal, ed.), VEB Deut-
77 Berthold, H. and Lipfert, G., in: Alkansulfonate (H. G. Hauthal, ed.), VEB
52 Asinger, F., Ebeneder, F. and Richter, G.: ber den Einfluss von Disulfonaten
53 Asinger, F. and Freitag, G.: ber den Einfluss von Tetradekandisulfonaten auf
80 Field, J. A., Miller, D. J., Field, T. M., Hawthorne, S. B. and Giger, W.: Anal.
81 Field, J. A., Field, T. M., Poiger, T. and Giger, W.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 28,
(1994), 497-503
82 Field, J. A., Field, T. M., Poiger, T., Siegrist, H. and Giger. W.: Wat. Res. 29,
(1995), 1301-1307
406-408
84 Kloster, G., Schoester, M. and Schwuger, M. J.: Journ. Com. Esp. Deterg. 24,
(1993), 25-33
85 Klotz, H. and Spilker, R.: Tenside Surf. Det. 29, (1992), 13-15
87 Liebscher, G., Eppert, G., Oberender, H., Berthold, H. and Hauthal, H. G.:
and expanded (C. Gloxhuber and K. Knstler, eds.), Surfactant Science Series,
58 Bennen, J. A., Ruckenstein, E. and Coll, J.: Interface Sci. 96, (1983), 469-487
89 Mahr, S. A., Wangsa, J. and Danielson, N. D.: Anal. Chem. 64, (1992), 583-589
60 Berenbold, H. and Kosswig, K.: Tenside Surf. Det. 32, (1995), 152-156
eds.), Vol. 40 of Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker, New York, (1992),
61 Brndel, S. and Dietzsch, K., in: Alkansulfonate (H. G. Hauthal, ed.), VEB
37-40
91 Schoester, M., Kloster, G. and Fresenius, J.: Anal. Chem. 345, (1993), 767-772
63 Gilbert, A. and Pettigrew, R.: Surfactants and the Environment, lnter. Journal of Cos. Science 6, (1984), 149-158
64 Gloxhuber, C.: Arch. Toxicol. 32, (1974), 245-270
65 Hrsak, D., Bosnjak, M. and Johanides, V.: Kinetics of linear Alkylbenzene
Sulfonate and sec. alkane sulfonate biodegradation, Tenside Detergents 18, (1981)
66 Krone, M. and Schneider, G.: Biochemische Abbaubarkeit von sek. Alkansulfonat unter Labor- und Praxisbedingungen, Fette-Seifen-Anstrichmittel 70,
(1968), 10
54
hostapur SAS
Hostapur SAS
Product range
type
Hostapur SAS 30
Hostapur SAS 60
INCI Name
Hostapur SAS 93
Hostapur SAS 93 G
CAS Numbers
EINECS/ELINCS Numbers
29.230.8
59.061.0
91.594.5
90.593.5
Appearance
max. 2.1
max. 4.2
max. 6.5
max. 6.5
Paraffin [%]
max. 0.4
max. 0.7
max. 1.0
max. 1.0
approx. 300
approx. 7500
Density [gcm-3]
approx. 1.048
approx. 1.087
approx. 600
550650
3.56
2.76
0.28
Bulk density
[gl-1]
55
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FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OTHERWISE OF ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE.
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2013 Clariant International Ltd
05.2013
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