13-15

motivation for performance 440

motivation 440
goal setting theory 441
goals that motivate 441
stretch goals 442
limitations of goal setting 442
set your own goals 443
law of effect 443
reinforces 443
organizational behavior modification(OB mod) 443
reinforcing performance 443
positive reinforcement 443
negative reinforcement 443
the consequences of behavior 443
punishment 444
extinction 444
(mis) managing rewards and punishments 444
managing mistakes 445
greatest management principles in the world 445
providing feedback 446
performance related beliefs 447
expectancy theory 447
the effort to performance link 447
expectancy 447
the performance to outcome link 447
outcome 447
basic concepts of expectancy theory 447
impact on motivation 448
instrumentality 448
valence 448
managerial implications of expectancy theory 448
understanding peoples needs 449
maslows need hierarchy 450
organizational behavior 450
alderfers ERG theory 451
McClellands needs 452
Need theories international perspectives 452
Designing motivating jobs 453
Extrinsic rewards 453
Intrinsic rewards 453
Job rotation enlargement and enrichment 454
Job rotation 454
Job enlargement 454
Job enrichment 454
Two factor theory 454

Hygiene factor 454

Motivators 454
Herzbergs two factor theory 454
The hachman and Oldham model of job design 455
The Hackman and Oldham model of job enrichment 455
Growth needs strength 456
Empowerment 456
Achieving fairness 457
Equity theory 457
Assessing equity 458
Restoring equity 459
Procedural justice 459
Job satisfaction 460
Quality of work life QWL (programs) 460
Psychological contracts 462
463 key terms
the contribution of teams 472
work teams 472
types of teams 472
project and development teams 473
parallel teams 473
management teams 473
transnational teams 473
virtual teams 473
practices of effective virtual team leaders 474
teaming 474
traditional work groups 474
self managed teams 474
autonomous work groups 475
self designing teams 474
how groups become real teams 476
group processes 476
critical periods 477
teaming challenges 477
why groups sometimes fail 477
building effective teams 478
performance focus 479
motivating teamwork 479
social loafing 479
social facilitation effect 479
member contributions 480
norms 481
roles 481
task specialist role 481
team maintenance role 481
cohesiveness 482

the importance of cohesiveness 482

the task 482
performance norms 482/483
building cohesiveness and high performance norms 483
managing lateral relationships 485
boundary-spanning 485
managing outward 485
gatekeeping 485
informing 485
parading 485
probing 485
lateral role relationships 485
managing conflict 486
conflict styles 486
avoidance 487
accommodation 487
compromise 487
competing 487
collaboration 487
conflict management strategies 487
superordinate goals 488
mediator 488
being a mediator 488
electronic and virtual conflict 489
key terms 491
interpersonal communication 498
communication 498
one way communication 498
two way communication 498
a model of one way communication 498
communication pitfalls 499
perception 499
filtering 499
mixed signals and misperception 500
oral and written channels 501
electronic media 501
advantages 502
disadvantages 502
managing the electronic load 503
virtual office 504
media richness 505
improving communication skills 506
improving sender skills 506
presentation and persuasion skills 506
ten ways to add power to your presentation 507
writing skills 507

language 508
nonverbal skills 509
improving receiver skills 510
reflection 510
listening 510
reading 510
ten keys to effective listening 511
observing 511
organizational communication 512
downward communication 512
coaching 513
information loss in downward communication 513
coaching 513
downward communication in difficult times 513
open book management 514
upward communication 514
managing upward communication 515
horizontal communication 515
horizontal communication 515
managing horizontal communication 516
informal communication 516
grapevine 516
managing informal communication 516
boundarylessness 517
boundarylessness organization 517
key terms 518