Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FEATURES
The LT1228 transconductance amplifier has a high impedance differential input and a current source output with wide
output voltage compliance. The transconductance, gm, is
set by the current that flows into pin 5, ISET. The small signal
gm is equal to ten times the value of ISET and this relationship
holds over several decades of set current. The voltage at pin
5 is two diode drops above the negative supply, pin 4.
UO
APPLICATI
UO
TYPICAL APPLICATI
Frequency Response
VIN
R3A
10k
1
4
4.7F
R4
1.24k
R6
6.19
CFA
8
ISET
15V
R2
100
ISET = 1mA
gm
R2A
10k
R3
100
VS = 15V
RL = 100
4.7F
R5
10k
R1
270
RG
10
VOUT
GAIN (dB)
6
9
12
ISET = 300A
15
RF
470
18
21
24
100k
ISET = 100A
1M
10M
100M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
LT1228 TA02
LT1228
RATI GS
W W
AXI U
ABSOLUTE
ORDER PART
NUMBER
LT1228MJ8
LT1228CJ8
LT1228CN8
LT1228CS8
TOP VIEW
IOUT
IN
+IN
+
gm
GAIN
V+
VOUT
ISET
N8 PACKAGE
J8 PACKAGE
8-LEAD PLASTIC DIP
8-LEAD CERAMIC DIP
S8 PACKAGE
8-LEAD PLASTIC SOIC
S8 PART MARKING
LT1228 POI01
1228
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Current Feedback Amplifier, Pins 1, 6, 8. 5V VS 15V, ISET = 0A, VCM = 0V unless otherwise noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
VOS
TA = 25C
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
10
15
mV
mV
TA = 25C
0.3
3
10
A
A
10
65
100
A
A
IIN
V/C
10
TA = 25C
en
nV/Hz
in
1.4
pV/Hz
RIN
Input Resistance
25
25
M
M
CIN
VS = 5V
pF
VS = 15V, TA = 25C
13
12
3
2
13.5
V
V
V
V
55
55
55
55
69
VS = 5V, TA = 25C
CMRR
PSRR
3.5
2.5
2.5
VS = 2V to 15V, TA = 25C
VS = 3V to 15V
VS = 2V to 15V, TA = 25C
VS = 3V to 15V
60
60
dB
dB
dB
dB
69
VS = 2V to 15V, TA = 25C
VS = 3V to 15V
2
2
10
10
10
10
80
A/V
A/V
A/V
A/V
dB
dB
10
50
50
nA/V
nA/V
0.1
5
5
A/V
A/V
LT1228
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Current Feedback Amplifier, Pins 1, 6, 8. 5V VS 15V, ISET = 0A, VCM = 0V unless otherwise noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
AV
55
55
65
65
dB
dB
ROL
Transresistance, VOUT/IIN
100
100
200
200
k
k
VOUT
13.5
12
10
3
2.5
30
25
65
125
125
11
300
500
V/s
3500
V/s
RLOAD = 0, TA = 25C
MAX
UNITS
V
V
V
V
3.7
mA
mA
Is
Supply Current
SR
TA = 25C
SR
Slew Rate
tr
TA = 25C
10
BW
Small-Signal Bandwidth
100
MHz
tr
3.5
ns
Propagation Delay
3.5
ns
Small-Signal Overshoot
15
45
ns
ts
Settling Time
20
mA
ns
0.01
0.01
DEG
0.04
0.1
DEG
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Transconductance Amplifier, Pins 1, 2, 3, 5. 5V VS 15V, ISET = 100A, VCM = 0V unless otherwise noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
VOS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
0.5
5
10
mV
mV
TA = 25C
40
200
500
nA
nA
0.4
1
5
A
A
IB
V/C
10
TA = 25C
en
f = 1kHz
20
nV/Hz
RIN
VIN 30mV
30
200
50
50
1000
1000
M
M
pF
14
V
V
V
V
CIN
Input Capacitance
Input Voltage Range
VS = 15V, TA = 25C
VS = 15V
VS = 5V, TA = 25C
VS = 5V
13
12
3
2
LT1228
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Transconductance Amplifier, Pins 1, 2, 3, 5. 5V VS 15V, ISET = 100A, VCM = 0V unless otherwise noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
CMRR
PSRR
gm
VS = 2V to 15V, TA = 25C
VS = 3V to 15V
MIN
TYP
100
60
60
60
60
60
60
Transconductance Drift
0.75
ISET = 100A
IOL
100
100
1.00
70
3
10
A
A
13
3
14
4
RO
Output Resistance
2
2
8
8
ISET = 1mA
THD
%/C
0.3
VS = 15V , R1 =
VS = 5V , R1 =
VS = 5V
A/mV
A
1.25
130
VOUT
dB
dB
100
IS
UNITS
dB
dB
dB
dB
0.33
IOUT
MAX
V
V
M
M
pF
15
mA
0.2
%
MHz
BW
Small-Signal Bandwidth
80
tr
ns
Propagation Delay
ns
LT1228
U W
Small-Signal Transconductance
and Set Current vs Bias Voltage
100
R1 = 100
VS = 15V
TRANSCONDUCTANCE (A/mV)
R1 = 10k
1
10
1000
100
0.1
10
0.01
1.0
R1 = 100k
100
1000
0.001
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.0
25C
0.8
0.6
125C
0.4
0
200 150 100 50
0.1
1.5
LT1228 TPC03
VS = 2V TO 15V
TA = 25C
0.1
V + = 2V TO 15V
0.5
ISET = 100A
1000
50
LT1228 TPC02
VS = 15V
ISET = 1mA
100
ISET = 100A
ISET = 1mA
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
1.5
V = 2V TO 15V
1.0
0.5
V
50
10
0.01
100
10
10
1000
100
10k
1k
100k
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
IOUT
ISET
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
0
40
80
120
160
200
100
125
V+
0.1
100
75
0.9
50
LT1228 TPC06
1.0
IOUT
ISET
25
TEMPERATURE (C)
VS = 2V TO 15V
VIN = 200mV
(PIN 2 TO 3)
LT1228 TPC05
LT1228 TPC04
10
25
FREQUENCY (Hz)
55C
1.2
10
10
1.4
1.4
1.3
LT1228 TPC01
1.6
0.2
0.1
10
V S = 2V TO 15V
ISET = 100A
1.8
10
2.0
10000
VS = 2V TO 15V
TA = 25C
R1 = 1k
Small-Signal Transconductance
vs DC Input Voltage
TRANSCONDUCTANCE (A/mV)
Small-Signal Bandwidth vs
Set Current
LT1228 TPC08
0.5
1.0
2V VS 15V
R1 =
+1.0
+0.5
V
50
25
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (C)
LT1228 TPC09
LT1228
U W
90
135
180
225
2
VS = 15V
RL = 100
RF = 750
140
RF = 500
120
RF = 750
100
80
RF = 1k
60
40
RF = 2k
20
1
2
0.1
160
0
1
10
100
10
14
12
160
90
140
19
135
18
180
17
225
16
VS = 15V
RL = 100
RF = 750
45
GAIN
10
100
RF = 250
80
RF = 500
RF = 750
60
RF = 1k
40
RF = 2k
RF = 2k
20
10
14
12
16
18
RF = 500
10
RF = 1k
8
6
RF = 2k
33
32
0.1
0
FREQUENCY (MHz)
10
14
12
16
18
LT1228 TPC15
14
RF = 500
12
RF = 1k
10
8
RF = 2k
6
4
2
0
10
12
14
16
18
14
12
2
100
16
225
RF = 1k
40
18
37
10
RF = 750
60
16
180
VS = 15V
RL = 100
RF = 750
RF = 500
80
45
38
RF = 250
100
18
135
18
120
90
16
PEAKING 0.5dB
PEAKING 5dB
LT1228 TPC14
39
34
14
12
140
36
10
0
0
GAIN
PHASE
LT1228 TPC12
160
LT1228 TPC13
35
180
FREQUENCY (MHz)
40
120
100
42
RF = 2k
RF = 1k
0
1
40
18
PEAKING 0.5dB
PEAKING 5dB
20
13
41
16
180
PHASE
12
0.1
PEAKING 0.5dB
PEAKING 5dB
60
21
14
80
LT1228 TPC11
15
100
20
RF = 750
120
0
0
FREQUENCY (MHz)
22
RF = 500
140
20
GAIN
45
180
PEAKING 0.5dB
PEAKING 5dB
160
180
PHASE
10
12
14
16
18
LT1228 TPC18
LT1228
U W
VS = 5V
1k
VS = 15V
100
RL = 1k
PEAKING 5dB
GAIN = 2
10
20
VS = 15V
RL = 400
RF = RG = 750
0.01
VO = 7VRMS
70
10
100
1k
10k
V+
1.5
2.0
2.0
V = 2V TO 15V
1.0
0.5
V
50 25
25
50
75
100
70
0.5
1.0
RL =
2V VS 15V
1.0
0.5
V
50 25
125
V + = 2V TO 15V
TEMPERATURE (C)
25
75
50
100
60
50
40
30
50 25
125
TEMPERATURE (C)
LT1228 TPC22
Output Impedance vs
Frequency
100
VS = 15V
RL = 100
RF = RG = 750
60
POSITIVE
40
NEGATIVE
20
VS = 15V
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE ()
80
en
50
TEMPERATURE (C)
100
10
25
LT1228 TPC23
in
100
LT1228 TPC21
V+
1.5
10
FREQUENCY (MHz)
LT1228 TPC20
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
LT1228 TPC19
1.0
3rd
50
60
0.5
2nd
40
VO = 1VRMS
0.001
0
VS = 15V
VO = 2VPP
RL = 100
RF = 750
AV = 10dB
30
DISTORTION (dBc)
10k
10
1.0
RF = RG = 2k
RF = RG = 750
0.1
0.01
+in
1
10
100
1k
10k
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
0
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
100k
1M
10M
100M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
LT1228 TPC25
0.001
10k
LT1228 TPC26
LT1228 TPC27
LT1228
U W
INVERTING
2
VS = 15V
RF = RG = 1k
NONINVERTING
2
4
9
8
INVERTING
NONINVERTING
10
10
2
VS = 15V
RF = RG = 1k
0
2
4
INVERTING
6
8
NONINVERTING
NONINVERTING
20
40
60
80
100
125C
4
175C
10
0
25C
INVERTING
10
55C
12
16
20
0
0
10
7 V+
BIAS
ISET
IN
2
IOUT
8 GAIN
6 VOUT
4 V
LT1228 TA03
16
18
LT1228 TPC30
+IN
3
14
LT1228 TPC28
12
LT1228
UO
APPLICATI
S I FOR ATIO
TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER
The LT1228 transconductance amplifier has a high impedance differential input (pins 2 and 3) and a current source
output (pin 1) with wide output voltage compliance. The
voltage to current gain or transconductance (gm) is set by
the current that flows into pin 5, ISET. The voltage at pin 5
is two forward biased diode drops above the negative
supply, pin 4. Therefore the voltage at pin 5 (with
respect to V ) is about 1.2V and changes with the log of
the set current (120mV/decade), see the characteristic
curves. The temperature coefficient of this voltage is
about 4mV/C (3300ppm/C) and the temperature coefficient of the logging characteristic is 3300ppm/C. It is
important that the current into pin 5 be limited to less than
15mA. THE LT1228 WILL BE DESTROYED IF PIN 5 IS
SHORTED TO GROUND OR TO THE POSITIVE SUPPLY. A
limiting resistor (2k or so) should be used to prevent more
than 15mA from flowing into pin 5.
The small-signal transconductance (gm) is equal to ten
times the value of ISET (in mA/mV) and this relationship
holds over many decades of set current (see the characteristic curves). The transconductance is inversely proportional to absolute temperature (3300ppm/C). The input
stage of the transconductance amplifier has been designed to operate with much larger signals than is possible
with an ordinary diff-amp. The transconductance of the
input stage varies much less than 1% for differential input
signals over a 30 mV range (see the characteristic curve
Small-Signal Transconductance vs DC Input Voltage).
ISET
gm
Vbe
4
2.5V
2Eg
ISET
Vbe
LT1004-2.5
V
LT1228 TA04
Since gm =
and V be
(c = 0.001, n = 3, Ic = 100A)
ISET =
akT
2E g 2 E g
or ISET =
2akT
Rq
LT1228
W
UO
APPLICATI
S I FOR ATIO
a
10
=
1.94R R
R TH
2.5 V
1
V EE
and R6 =
R THV EE
2.5 V
R1
1M
R'
V1
ISET
gm
R6
6.19k
R'
Vbe
4
R2
1M
V2
R5
1k
LT1006
ISET
IOUT
TO PIN 5
OF LT1228
R4
1M
VTH = 2.5V
Vbe
50pF
R1 = R2
R3 = R4
R4
1.24k
15V
LT1228 TA05
10
R3
1M
IOUT =
(V1 V2) R3
= 1mA/V
R5
R1
LT1228 TA19
LT1228
U
UO
APPLICATI
S I FOR ATIO
compliance compatible with pin 5 of the LT1228. Therefore, the easiest way to digitally control the set current is
to use a voltage output DAC and a voltage-to-current
circuit. The previous voltage-to-current converter will take
the output of any voltage output DAC and drive pin 5 with
a proportional current. The R, 2R CMOS multiplying DACs
operating in the voltage switching mode work well on both
single and split supplies with the above circuit.
11
LT1228
UO
APPLICATI
S I FOR ATIO
VIN
+
6
CFA
8
VOUT
RF
510
RG
5.1
CG
LT1228 TA08
CG = 4700pF
43
40
GAIN (dB)
CG = 2200pF
37
34
CG = 0
31
28
25
22
19
1
10
100
FREQUENCY (MHz)
LT1228 TA09
12
LT1228
UO
APPLICATI
S I FOR ATIO
Capacitive Loads
The LT1228 current feedback amplifier can drive capacitive loads directly when the proper value of feedback
resistor is used. The graph of Maximum Capacitive Load
vs Feedback Resistor should be used to select the appropriate value. The value shown is for 5dB peaking when
driving a 1k load, at a gain of 2. This is a worst case
condition, the amplifier is more stable at higher gains, and
driving heavier loads. Alternatively, a small resistor (10
to 20) can be put in series with the output to isolate the
capacitive load from the amplifier output. This has the
advantage that the amplifier bandwidth is only reduced
when the capacitive load is present and the disadvantage
that the gain is a function of the load resistance.
Slew Rate
The slew rate of the current feedback amplifier is not
independent of the amplifier gain configuration the way it
is in a traditional op amp. This is because the input stage
and the output stage both have slew rate limitations. The
input stage of the LT1228 current feedback amplifier slews
at about 100V/s before it becomes nonlinear. Faster
input signals will turn on the normally reverse biased
emitters on the input transistors and enhance the slew rate
significantly. This enhanced slew rate can be as much as
3500V/s!
Current Feedback Amp Large-Signal Response
VS = 15V, RF = RG = 750 Slew Rate Enhanced
Settling Time
The characteristic curves show that the LT1228 current
feedback amplifier settles to within 10mV of final value in
40ns to 55ns for any output step less than 10V. The curve
of settling to 1mV of final value shows that there is a slower
thermal contribution up to 20s. The thermal settling
component comes from the output and the input stage.
The output contributes just under 1mV/V of output change
and the input contributes 300V/V of input change.
Fortunately the input thermal tends to cancel the output
thermal. For this reason the noninverting gain of two
configuration settles faster than the inverting gain of one.
13
LT1228
UO
APPLICATI
S I FOR ATIO
Power Supplies
The LT1228 amplifiers will operate from single or split
supplies from 2V (4V total) to 18V (36V total). It is not
necessary to use equal value split supplies, however the
offset voltage and inverting input bias current of the
current feedback amplifier will degrade. The offset voltage
changes about 350V/V of supply mismatch, the inverting
bias current changes about 2.5A/V of supply mismatch.
For example, lets calculate the worst case power dissipation in a variable gain video cable driver operating on 12V
supplies that delivers a maximum of 2V into 150. The
maximum set current is 1mA.
) (
)] (
VOMAX
RL
2V
) 150
Power Dissipation
The worst case amplifier power dissipation is the total of
the quiescent current times the total power supply voltage
plus the power in the IC due to the load. The quiescent
supply current of the LT1228 transconductance amplifier
is equal to 3.5 times the set current at all temperatures. The
quiescent supply current of the LT1228 current feedback
amplifier has a strong negative temperature coefficient
and at 150C is less than 7mA, typically only 4.5mA. The
power in the IC due to the load is a function of the output
voltage, the supply voltage and load resistance. The worst
case occurs when the output voltage is at half supply, if it
can go that far, or its maximum value if it cannot reach half
supply.
UO
TYPICAL APPLICATI
14
gm R1 = 10 ISET R1
RF
RG
R3
RF
AV =
10 ISET R1 1 +
R3 + R3 A
RG
LT1228
UO
TYPICAL APPLICATI
Video Fader
VIN1
1k
1000pF
1
gm
2
LT1223
CFA
100
200
V+
7
VOUT
gm
2
10k
CFA
8
1k
VS = 5V
10k
1k
100
RG
5V
5.1k
1k
VIN2
3k
3
VIDEO
INPUT
+
gm
VOUT
RF
5.1k
10k
10k
V
5V
0.01F
LOGIC
INPUT
RESTORE
2N3906
3k
LT1228 TA13
LT1228 TA12
15
LT1228
UO
TYPICAL APPLICATI
3 at resonance; therefore the attenuation of the 1.8k resistor and the transconductance amplifier must be about 11,
resulting in a set current of about 600A at oscillation. At
start-up there is no set current and therefore no attenuation
for a net gain of about 11 around the loop. As the output
oscillation builds up it turns on the PNP transistor which
generates the set current to regulate the output voltage.
100
2N3906
V+
6V TO 30V
V+
10k
470
+
10F
7
3
gm
10k
+
CFA
0.1F
6
RF
680
V+
51
9.1k
10F
160
1000pF
30pF
VO
51
750
1k
160
50
4.3k
330
2N3906
2N3904
LT1228 TA14
16
8
V
4.7H
f = 1MHz
VO = 6dBm (450mVRMS)
2nd HARMONIC = 38dBc
3rd HARMONIC = 54 dBc
FOR 5V OPERATION SHORT OUT 100 RESISTOR
CFA
4
50
10F
1000pF
gm
2
+
+
1k
RG
20
1.8k
VO
10k
VO = 10dB
0.1F
LT1228 TA15
LT1228
UO
TYPICAL APPLICATI
Filters
Single Pole Low/High/Allpass Filter
VIN
LOWPASS
INPUT
R3A
1k
R3
120
+
1
gm
ISET
VIN
HIGHPASS
INPUT
C
330pF
+
CFA
VOUT
RF
1k
RG
1k
R2A
1k
R2
120
fC =
R +1
R2
10
I
SET F
RG
R2 + R2A
C
2
LT1228 TA16
45
90
135
100A SET CURRENT
180
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
LT1228 TA17
17
LT1228
UO
TYPICAL APPLICATI
1k
LT1006
10k
2N3906
VC
100pF
180
51k
3k
5V
5V
3.3k
VIN
3k
100
gm
2
+
6
CFA
18pF
BANDPASS
OUTPUT
5V
1k
3.3k
3.3k
100
5V
3
5
gm
100
2
+
6
CFA
4
18pF
5V
LOWPASS
OUTPUT
1k
3.3k
fO = 100kHz AT VC = 0V
fO = 200kHz AT VC = 1V
fO = 400kHz AT VC = 2V
fO = 800kHz AT VC = 3V
fO = 1.6MHz AT VC = 4V
18
LT1228 TA18
LT1228
UO
TYPICAL APPLICATI
S
RF AGC Amplifier (Leveling Loop)
15V
RF INPUT
0.6VRMS to 1.3VRMS
25MHz
10k
gm
100
2
OUTPUT
2VPP
CFA
300
8
470
0.01F
10k
15V
10k
4pF
10
0.01F
10k
15V
100k
10k
4.7k
15V
A3
LT1006
AMPLITUDE
ADJUST
1N4148s
COUPLE THERMALLY
15V
LT1004
1.2V
LT1228 TA20
gm
3
+
4
100F
R5
+
CFA
VO
RF
1k
VS = 5V, R5 = 3.6k
RG
VS = 15V, R5 = 13.6k
1k
VOUT MUST BE LESS THAN
200mVPP FOR LOW OUTPUT OFFSET
VIN
BW = 30Hz TO 20MHz
INCLUDES DC
LT1228 TA21
Amplitude Modulator
5V
4.7F
+
3
gm
2
CARRIER
INPUT
30mV
10k
CFA
1k
VOUT
0dBm(230mV) AT
MODULATION = 0V
RF
750
4.7F +
5V
RG
750
MODULATION
INPUT 8VPP
LT1228 TA22
19
LT1228
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
0.300 BSC
(0.762 BSC)
0.015 0.060
(0.381 1.524)
0.008 0.018
(0.203 0.457)
0.005
(0.127)
MIN
0.200
(5.080)
MAX
0.405
(10.287)
MAX
8
0.220 0.310
(5.588 7.874)
0 15
0.045 0.068
(1.143 1.727)
0.385 0.025
(9.779 0.635)
CORNER LEADS OPTION
(4 PLCS)
J8 0293
N8 Package
8-Lead Plastic DIP
0.300 0.320
(7.620 8.128)
+0.025
0.325 0.015
0.045 0.068
(1.143 1.727)
FULL LEAD
OPTION
0.009 0.015
(0.229 0.381)
0.125
3.175
0.100 0.010 MIN
(2.540 0.254)
0.014 0.026
(0.360 0.660)
0.023 0.045
(0.584 1.143)
HALF LEAD
OPTION
0.025
(0.635)
RAD TYP
1
+0.635
8.255
0.381
0.045 0.065
(1.143 1.651)
0.130 0.005
(3.302 0.127)
0.400*
(10.160)
MAX
0.065
(1.651)
TYP
0.125
(3.175)
MIN
0.045 0.015
(1.143 0.381)
0.018 0.003
(0.457 0.076)
0.100 0.010
(2.540 0.254)
0.020
(0.508)
MIN
0.250 0.010*
(6.350 0.254)
N8 0594
S8 Package
8-Lead Plastic SOIC
0.189 0.197*
(4.801 5.004)
0.010 0.020
45
(0.254 0.508)
0.008 0.010
(0.203 0.254)
0.053 0.069
(1.346 1.752)
0 8 TYP
0.016 0.050
0.406 1.270
0.014 0.019
(0.355 0.483)
20
0.004 0.010
(0.101 0.254)
0.050
(1.270)
BSC
0.150 0.157*
(3.810 3.988)
0.228 0.244
(5.791 6.197)
SO8 0294