Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
September 9, 2014
What is a sustainable city (continuation)
III.
A key dimension of competition between cities and regions
o preserve nature and biodiversity
o enhance existing natural resources through planning
o recreate nature in the city
o technical innovations
o green growth to develop new markets (green economy)
MALM (Sweden)
Medium-sized city
An industrial and a port city
o shipyards: 1/3 of jobs disappear during the 80s
o social and health issues
o 40% migrants (Yugoslavia, Iran, Iraq, etc.) linked to the
welcoming immigrant policy of Sweden towards warstricken nations
1994, newly elected mayor Ilmar Reepalu
o Can't rebuild the shipyards, but can develop citizen
empowerment, public services and enterprises, youth
o Focus on education, connectivity, & sustainability
Infrastructure-led development
o Airport, Oresund bridge directly linked itself to
Copenhagen airport, using its geographical position as an
asset
o European integration and cohesion funds access to direct
public funding from EU institutions to develop innovations,
projects for the city which they couldn't get from the state
Partnership with University (20,000 students in 1998)
strengthened technical capacity
The development of the city's waterfront (175 hectares)
grounded on strong linkages between different state and private
actors
o housing exhibition 2001
o new generation of urban planners and architects through
university partnerships
o small parcels (pieces of land) and private real estate
developers rented out by the city for very low prices in
order to simply attract developers and competitive projects
because ain't no one be developing on that shit
o experiment new technologies (energy, waste)
Big Disasters
Government
o Organizations involved in the allocation, decision,
constraint, administration
o The process: decision making and management, etc.
Power as a relation
o Until the 1980s, state organizations in a multi-level
perspective
Capacity to take decisions dictating the hierarchy of
priorities, especially in cases with conflicting
interests
Capacity to implement
Capacity to justify, legitimate decisions through
norms to get citizen aquiescence to foster
discourse to get citizen participation and support
Beyond political regulation?
o Legitimacy and authority of the government can be
contested by non-state actors
e.g. protests
o Increased blurring of frontiers between public, civil society
and private actors; growing interdependence between
levels
o The end of the monopoly of the State in steering society
The autonomy of some actors, subsystems within
society
The rise of policy networks in order to coordinate
public and private actors
o On one side, the State can be perceived as weaker. On
another, it can be considered stronger/going the right